cleanup patch

git-svn-id: svn://svn.openwrt.org/openwrt/trunk@19345 3c298f89-4303-0410-b956-a3cf2f4a3e73

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 15044 deletions

diff --git a/toolchain/gcc/patches/4.4.1+cs/000-codesourcery_2009q3_68.patch b/toolchain/gcc/patches/4.4.1+cs/000-codesourcery_2009q3_68.patch
index a0432f4783..88be9a85ff 100644
--- a/toolchain/gcc/patches/4.4.1+cs/000-codesourcery_2009q3_68.patch
+++ b/toolchain/gcc/patches/4.4.1+cs/000-codesourcery_2009q3_68.patch
@@ -24081,15050 +24081,6 @@ diff -Nur a/gcc/fortran/cpp.c b/gcc/fortran/cpp.c
  
  /* Callback called when -fworking-director and -E to emit working
     directory in cpp output file.  */
-diff -Nur a/gcc/fortran/gfortran.info b/gcc/fortran/gfortran.info
---- a/gcc/fortran/gfortran.info	2009-07-22 10:33:04.000000000 +0200
-+++ b/gcc/fortran/gfortran.info	1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100
-@@ -1,15040 +0,0 @@
--This is doc/gfortran.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
--/d/gcc-4.4.1/gcc-4.4.1/gcc/fortran/gfortran.texi.
--
--Copyright (C) 1999-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
--
--   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
--under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
--any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
--Invariant Sections being "Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover Texts
--being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see
--below).  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
--Free Documentation License".
--
--   (a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:
--
--   A GNU Manual
--
--   (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:
--
--   You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
--software.  Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
--funds for GNU development.
--
--INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development
--START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
--* gfortran: (gfortran).                  The GNU Fortran Compiler.
--END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
--   This file documents the use and the internals of the GNU Fortran
--compiler, (`gfortran').
--
--   Published by the Free Software Foundation 51 Franklin Street, Fifth
--Floor Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
--
--   Copyright (C) 1999-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
--
--   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
--under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
--any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
--Invariant Sections being "Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover Texts
--being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see
--below).  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
--Free Documentation License".
--
--   (a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:
--
--   A GNU Manual
--
--   (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:
--
--   You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
--software.  Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
--funds for GNU development.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Introduction,  Up: (dir)
--
--Introduction
--************
--
--This manual documents the use of `gfortran', the GNU Fortran compiler.
--You can find in this manual how to invoke `gfortran', as well as its
--features and incompatibilities.
--
--* Menu:
--
--* Introduction::
--
--Part I: Invoking GNU Fortran
--* Invoking GNU Fortran:: Command options supported by `gfortran'.
--* Runtime::              Influencing runtime behavior with environment variables.
--
--Part II: Language Reference
--* Fortran 2003 and 2008 status::  Fortran 2003 and 2008 features supported by GNU Fortran.
--* Compiler Characteristics::      KIND type parameters supported.
--* Extensions::           Language extensions implemented by GNU Fortran.
--* Intrinsic Procedures:: Intrinsic procedures supported by GNU Fortran.
--* Intrinsic Modules::    Intrinsic modules supported by GNU Fortran.
--
--* Contributing::         How you can help.
--* Copying::              GNU General Public License says
--                         how you can copy and share GNU Fortran.
--* GNU Free Documentation License::
--                         How you can copy and share this manual.
--* Funding::              How to help assure continued work for free software.
--* Option Index::         Index of command line options
--* Keyword Index::        Index of concepts
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Introduction,  Next: Invoking GNU Fortran,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
--
--1 Introduction
--**************
--
--The GNU Fortran compiler front end was designed initially as a free
--replacement for, or alternative to, the unix `f95' command; `gfortran'
--is the command you'll use to invoke the compiler.
--
--* Menu:
--
--* About GNU Fortran::    What you should know about the GNU Fortran compiler.
--* GNU Fortran and GCC::  You can compile Fortran, C, or other programs.
--* Preprocessing and conditional compilation:: The Fortran preprocessor
--* GNU Fortran and G77::  Why we chose to start from scratch.
--* Project Status::       Status of GNU Fortran, roadmap, proposed extensions.
--* Standards::            Standards supported by GNU Fortran.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: About GNU Fortran,  Next: GNU Fortran and GCC,  Up: Introduction
--
--1.1 About GNU Fortran
--=====================
--
--The GNU Fortran compiler is still in an early state of development.  It
--can generate code for most constructs and expressions, but much work
--remains to be done.
--
--   When the GNU Fortran compiler is finished, it will do everything you
--expect from any decent compiler:
--
--   * Read a user's program, stored in a file and containing
--     instructions written in Fortran 77, Fortran 90, Fortran 95,
--     Fortran 2003 or Fortran 2008.  This file contains "source code".
--
--   * Translate the user's program into instructions a computer can
--     carry out more quickly than it takes to translate the instructions
--     in the first place.  The result after compilation of a program is
--     "machine code", code designed to be efficiently translated and
--     processed by a machine such as your computer.  Humans usually
--     aren't as good writing machine code as they are at writing Fortran
--     (or C++, Ada, or Java), because it is easy to make tiny mistakes
--     writing machine code.
--
--   * Provide the user with information about the reasons why the
--     compiler is unable to create a binary from the source code.
--     Usually this will be the case if the source code is flawed.  The
--     Fortran 90 standard requires that the compiler can point out
--     mistakes to the user.  An incorrect usage of the language causes
--     an "error message".
--
--     The compiler will also attempt to diagnose cases where the user's
--     program contains a correct usage of the language, but instructs
--     the computer to do something questionable.  This kind of
--     diagnostics message is called a "warning message".
--
--   * Provide optional information about the translation passes from the
--     source code to machine code.  This can help a user of the compiler
--     to find the cause of certain bugs which may not be obvious in the
--     source code, but may be more easily found at a lower level
--     compiler output.  It also helps developers to find bugs in the
--     compiler itself.
--
--   * Provide information in the generated machine code that can make it
--     easier to find bugs in the program (using a debugging tool, called
--     a "debugger", such as the GNU Debugger `gdb').
--
--   * Locate and gather machine code already generated to perform
--     actions requested by statements in the user's program.  This
--     machine code is organized into "modules" and is located and
--     "linked" to the user program.
--
--   The GNU Fortran compiler consists of several components:
--
--   * A version of the `gcc' command (which also might be installed as
--     the system's `cc' command) that also understands and accepts
--     Fortran source code.  The `gcc' command is the "driver" program for
--     all the languages in the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC); With `gcc',
--     you can compile the source code of any language for which a front
--     end is available in GCC.
--
--   * The `gfortran' command itself, which also might be installed as the
--     system's `f95' command.  `gfortran' is just another driver program,
--     but specifically for the Fortran compiler only.  The difference
--     with `gcc' is that `gfortran' will automatically link the correct
--     libraries to your program.
--
--   * A collection of run-time libraries.  These libraries contain the
--     machine code needed to support capabilities of the Fortran
--     language that are not directly provided by the machine code
--     generated by the `gfortran' compilation phase, such as intrinsic
--     functions and subroutines, and routines for interaction with files
--     and the operating system.
--
--   * The Fortran compiler itself, (`f951').  This is the GNU Fortran
--     parser and code generator, linked to and interfaced with the GCC
--     backend library.  `f951' "translates" the source code to assembler
--     code.  You would typically not use this program directly; instead,
--     the `gcc' or `gfortran' driver programs will call it for you.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GNU Fortran and GCC,  Next: Preprocessing and conditional compilation,  Prev: About GNU Fortran,  Up: Introduction
--
--1.2 GNU Fortran and GCC
--=======================
--
--GNU Fortran is a part of GCC, the "GNU Compiler Collection".  GCC
--consists of a collection of front ends for various languages, which
--translate the source code into a language-independent form called
--"GENERIC".  This is then processed by a common middle end which
--provides optimization, and then passed to one of a collection of back
--ends which generate code for different computer architectures and
--operating systems.
--
--   Functionally, this is implemented with a driver program (`gcc')
--which provides the command-line interface for the compiler.  It calls
--the relevant compiler front-end program (e.g., `f951' for Fortran) for
--each file in the source code, and then calls the assembler and linker
--as appropriate to produce the compiled output. In a copy of GCC which
--has been compiled with Fortran language support enabled, `gcc' will
--recognize files with `.f', `.for', `.ftn', `.f90', `.f95', `.f03' and
--`.f08' extensions as Fortran source code, and compile it accordingly. A
--`gfortran' driver program is also provided, which is identical to `gcc'
--except that it automatically links the Fortran runtime libraries into
--the compiled program.
--
--   Source files with `.f', `.for', `.fpp', `.ftn', `.F', `.FOR',
--`.FPP', and `.FTN' extensions are treated as fixed form.  Source files
--with `.f90', `.f95', `.f03', `.f08', `.F90', `.F95', `.F03' and `.F08'
--extensions are treated as free form.  The capitalized versions of
--either form are run through preprocessing. Source files with the lower
--case `.fpp' extension are also run through preprocessing.
--
--   This manual specifically documents the Fortran front end, which
--handles the programming language's syntax and semantics.  The aspects
--of GCC which relate to the optimization passes and the back-end code
--generation are documented in the GCC manual; see *note Introduction:
--(gcc)Top.  The two manuals together provide a complete reference for
--the GNU Fortran compiler.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Preprocessing and conditional compilation,  Next: GNU Fortran and G77,  Prev: GNU Fortran and GCC,  Up: Introduction
--
--1.3 Preprocessing and conditional compilation
--=============================================
--
--Many Fortran compilers including GNU Fortran allow passing the source
--code through a C preprocessor (CPP; sometimes also called the Fortran
--preprocessor, FPP) to allow for conditional compilation. In the case of
--GNU Fortran, this is the GNU C Preprocessor in the traditional mode. On
--systems with case-preserving file names, the preprocessor is
--automatically invoked if the filename extension is `.F', `.FOR',
--`.FTN', `.fpp', `.FPP', `.F90', `.F95', `.F03' or `.F08'. To manually
--invoke the preprocessor on any file, use `-cpp', to disable
--preprocessing on files where the preprocessor is run automatically, use
--`-nocpp'.
--
--   If a preprocessed file includes another file with the Fortran
--`INCLUDE' statement, the included file is not preprocessed. To
--preprocess included files, use the equivalent preprocessor statement
--`#include'.
--
--   If GNU Fortran invokes the preprocessor, `__GFORTRAN__' is defined
--and `__GNUC__', `__GNUC_MINOR__' and `__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__' can be used
--to determine the version of the compiler. See *note Overview: (cpp)Top.
--for details.
--
--   While CPP is the de-facto standard for preprocessing Fortran code,
--Part 3 of the Fortran 95 standard (ISO/IEC 1539-3:1998) defines
--Conditional Compilation, which is not widely used and not directly
--supported by the GNU Fortran compiler. You can use the program coco to
--preprocess such files (`http://users.erols.com/dnagle/coco.html').
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GNU Fortran and G77,  Next: Project Status,  Prev: Preprocessing and conditional compilation,  Up: Introduction
--
--1.4 GNU Fortran and G77
--=======================
--
--The GNU Fortran compiler is the successor to `g77', the Fortran 77
--front end included in GCC prior to version 4.  It is an entirely new
--program that has been designed to provide Fortran 95 support and
--extensibility for future Fortran language standards, as well as
--providing backwards compatibility for Fortran 77 and nearly all of the
--GNU language extensions supported by `g77'.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Project Status,  Next: Standards,  Prev: GNU Fortran and G77,  Up: Introduction
--
--1.5 Project Status
--==================
--
--     As soon as `gfortran' can parse all of the statements correctly,
--     it will be in the "larva" state.  When we generate code, the
--     "puppa" state.  When `gfortran' is done, we'll see if it will be a
--     beautiful butterfly, or just a big bug....
--
--     -Andy Vaught, April 2000
--
--   The start of the GNU Fortran 95 project was announced on the GCC
--homepage in March 18, 2000 (even though Andy had already been working
--on it for a while, of course).
--
--   The GNU Fortran compiler is able to compile nearly all
--standard-compliant Fortran 95, Fortran 90, and Fortran 77 programs,
--including a number of standard and non-standard extensions, and can be
--used on real-world programs.  In particular, the supported extensions
--include OpenMP, Cray-style pointers, and several Fortran 2003 and
--Fortran 2008 features such as enumeration, stream I/O, and some of the
--enhancements to allocatable array support from TR 15581.  However, it is
--still under development and has a few remaining rough edges.
--
--   At present, the GNU Fortran compiler passes the NIST Fortran 77 Test
--Suite (http://www.fortran-2000.com/ArnaudRecipes/fcvs21_f95.html), and
--produces acceptable results on the LAPACK Test Suite
--(http://www.netlib.org/lapack/faq.html#1.21).  It also provides
--respectable performance on the Polyhedron Fortran compiler benchmarks
--(http://www.polyhedron.com/pb05.html) and the Livermore Fortran Kernels
--test
--(http://www.llnl.gov/asci_benchmarks/asci/limited/lfk/README.html).  It
--has been used to compile a number of large real-world programs,
--including the HIRLAM weather-forecasting code
--(http://mysite.verizon.net/serveall/moene.pdf) and the Tonto quantum
--chemistry package (http://www.theochem.uwa.edu.au/tonto/); see
--`http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GfortranApps' for an extended list.
--
--   Among other things, the GNU Fortran compiler is intended as a
--replacement for G77.  At this point, nearly all programs that could be
--compiled with G77 can be compiled with GNU Fortran, although there are
--a few minor known regressions.
--
--   The primary work remaining to be done on GNU Fortran falls into three
--categories: bug fixing (primarily regarding the treatment of invalid
--code and providing useful error messages), improving the compiler
--optimizations and the performance of compiled code, and extending the
--compiler to support future standards--in particular, Fortran 2003.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Standards,  Prev: Project Status,  Up: Introduction
--
--1.6 Standards
--=============
--
--The GNU Fortran compiler implements ISO/IEC 1539:1997 (Fortran 95).  As
--such, it can also compile essentially all standard-compliant Fortran 90
--and Fortran 77 programs.   It also supports the ISO/IEC TR-15581
--enhancements to allocatable arrays, and the OpenMP Application Program
--Interface v2.5 (http://www.openmp.org/drupal/mp-documents/spec25.pdf)
--specification.
--
--   In the future, the GNU Fortran compiler will also support ISO/IEC
--1539-1:2004 (Fortran 2003) and future Fortran standards. Partial support
--of that standard is already provided; the current status of Fortran 2003
--support is reported in the *note Fortran 2003 status:: section of the
--documentation.
--
--   The next version of the Fortran standard after Fortran 2003 is
--currently being developed and the GNU Fortran compiler supports some of
--its new features. This support is based on the latest draft of the
--standard (available from `http://www.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/') and no
--guarantee of future compatibility is made, as the final standard might
--differ from the draft. For more information, see the *note Fortran 2008
--status:: section.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Invoking GNU Fortran,  Next: Runtime,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Top
--
--2 GNU Fortran Command Options
--*****************************
--
--The `gfortran' command supports all the options supported by the `gcc'
--command.  Only options specific to GNU Fortran are documented here.
--
--   *Note GCC Command Options: (gcc)Invoking GCC, for information on the
--non-Fortran-specific aspects of the `gcc' command (and, therefore, the
--`gfortran' command).
--
--   All GCC and GNU Fortran options are accepted both by `gfortran' and
--by `gcc' (as well as any other drivers built at the same time, such as
--`g++'), since adding GNU Fortran to the GCC distribution enables
--acceptance of GNU Fortran options by all of the relevant drivers.
--
--   In some cases, options have positive and negative forms; the
--negative form of `-ffoo' would be `-fno-foo'.  This manual documents
--only one of these two forms, whichever one is not the default.
--
--* Menu:
--
--* Option Summary::      Brief list of all `gfortran' options,
--                        without explanations.
--* Fortran Dialect Options::  Controlling the variant of Fortran language
--                             compiled.
--* Preprocessing Options::  Enable and customize preprocessing.
--* Error and Warning Options::     How picky should the compiler be?
--* Debugging Options::   Symbol tables, measurements, and debugging dumps.
--* Directory Options::   Where to find module files
--* Link Options ::       Influencing the linking step
--* Runtime Options::     Influencing runtime behavior
--* Code Gen Options::    Specifying conventions for function calls, data layout
--                        and register usage.
--* Environment Variables:: Environment variables that affect `gfortran'.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Option Summary,  Next: Fortran Dialect Options,  Up: Invoking GNU Fortran
--
--2.1 Option summary
--==================
--
--Here is a summary of all the options specific to GNU Fortran, grouped
--by type.  Explanations are in the following sections.
--
--_Fortran Language Options_
--     *Note Options controlling Fortran dialect: Fortran Dialect Options.
--          -fall-intrinsics  -ffree-form  -fno-fixed-form
--          -fdollar-ok  -fimplicit-none  -fmax-identifier-length
--          -std=STD -fd-lines-as-code  -fd-lines-as-comments
--          -ffixed-line-length-N  -ffixed-line-length-none
--          -ffree-line-length-N  -ffree-line-length-none
--          -fdefault-double-8  -fdefault-integer-8  -fdefault-real-8
--          -fcray-pointer  -fopenmp  -fno-range-check -fbackslash -fmodule-private
--
--_Preprocessing Options_
--     *Note Enable and customize preprocessing: Preprocessing Options.
--          -cpp -dD -dI -dM -dN -dU -fworking-directory
--          -imultilib DIR -iprefix FILE -isysroot DIR
--          -iquote -isystem DIR -nocpp -nostdinc -undef
--          -AQUESTION=ANSWER -A-QUESTION[=ANSWER]
--          -C -CC -DMACRO[=DEFN] -UMACRO -H -P
--
--_Error and Warning Options_
--     *Note Options to request or suppress errors and warnings: Error
--     and Warning Options.
--          -fmax-errors=N
--          -fsyntax-only  -pedantic  -pedantic-errors
--          -Wall  -Waliasing  -Wampersand  -Warray-bounds -Wcharacter-truncation
--          -Wconversion -Wimplicit-interface  -Wline-truncation  -Wintrinsics-std
--          -Wsurprising -Wno-tabs  -Wunderflow -Wunused-parameter -Wintrinsics-shadow
--          -Wno-align-commons
--
--_Debugging Options_
--     *Note Options for debugging your program or GNU Fortran: Debugging
--     Options.
--          -fdump-parse-tree  -ffpe-trap=LIST
--          -fdump-core -fbacktrace
--
--_Directory Options_
--     *Note Options for directory search: Directory Options.
--          -IDIR  -JDIR  -MDIR
--          -fintrinsic-modules-path DIR
--
--_Link Options_
--     *Note Options for influencing the linking step: Link Options.
--          -static-libgfortran
--
--_Runtime Options_
--     *Note Options for influencing runtime behavior: Runtime Options.
--          -fconvert=CONVERSION  -fno-range-check
--          -frecord-marker=LENGTH   -fmax-subrecord-length=LENGTH
--          -fsign-zero
--
--_Code Generation Options_
--     *Note Options for code generation conventions: Code Gen Options.
--          -fno-automatic  -ff2c  -fno-underscoring
--          -fsecond-underscore
--          -fbounds-check -fcheck-array-temporaries  -fmax-array-constructor =N
--          -fmax-stack-var-size=N
--          -fpack-derived  -frepack-arrays  -fshort-enums  -fexternal-blas
--          -fblas-matmul-limit=N -frecursive -finit-local-zero
--          -finit-integer=N -finit-real=<ZERO|INF|-INF|NAN>
--          -finit-logical=<TRUE|FALSE> -finit-character=N -fno-align-commons
--
--
--* Menu:
--
--* Fortran Dialect Options::  Controlling the variant of Fortran language
--                             compiled.
--* Preprocessing Options::  Enable and customize preprocessing.
--* Error and Warning Options::     How picky should the compiler be?
--* Debugging Options::   Symbol tables, measurements, and debugging dumps.
--* Directory Options::   Where to find module files
--* Link Options ::       Influencing the linking step
--* Runtime Options::     Influencing runtime behavior
--* Code Gen Options::    Specifying conventions for function calls, data layout
--                        and register usage.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Fortran Dialect Options,  Next: Preprocessing Options,  Prev: Option Summary,  Up: Invoking GNU Fortran
--
--2.2 Options controlling Fortran dialect
--=======================================
--
--The following options control the details of the Fortran dialect
--accepted by the compiler:
--
--`-ffree-form'
--
--`-ffixed-form'
--     Specify the layout used by the source file.  The free form layout
--     was introduced in Fortran 90.  Fixed form was traditionally used in
--     older Fortran programs.  When neither option is specified, the
--     source form is determined by the file extension.
--
--`-fall-intrinsics'
--     This option causes all intrinsic procedures (including the
--     GNU-specific extensions) to be accepted.  This can be useful with
--     `-std=f95' to force standard-compliance but get access to the full
--     range of intrinsics available with `gfortran'.  As a consequence,
--     `-Wintrinsics-std' will be ignored and no user-defined procedure
--     with the same name as any intrinsic will be called except when it
--     is explicitly declared `EXTERNAL'.
--
--`-fd-lines-as-code'
--
--`-fd-lines-as-comments'
--     Enable special treatment for lines beginning with `d' or `D' in
--     fixed form sources.  If the `-fd-lines-as-code' option is given
--     they are treated as if the first column contained a blank.  If the
--     `-fd-lines-as-comments' option is given, they are treated as
--     comment lines.
--
--`-fdefault-double-8'
--     Set the `DOUBLE PRECISION' type to an 8 byte wide type.  If
--     `-fdefault-real-8' is given, `DOUBLE PRECISION' would instead be
--     promoted to 16 bytes if possible, and `-fdefault-double-8' can be
--     used to prevent this.  The kind of real constants like `1.d0' will
--     not be changed by `-fdefault-real-8' though, so also
--     `-fdefault-double-8' does not affect it.
--
--`-fdefault-integer-8'
--     Set the default integer and logical types to an 8 byte wide type.
--     Do nothing if this is already the default.  This option also
--     affects the kind of integer constants like `42'.
--
--`-fdefault-real-8'
--     Set the default real type to an 8 byte wide type.  Do nothing if
--     this is already the default.  This option also affects the kind of
--     non-double real constants like `1.0', and does promote the default
--     width of `DOUBLE PRECISION' to 16 bytes if possible, unless
--     `-fdefault-double-8' is given, too.
--
--`-fdollar-ok'
--     Allow `$' as a valid character in a symbol name.
--
--`-fbackslash'
--     Change the interpretation of backslashes in string literals from a
--     single backslash character to "C-style" escape characters. The
--     following combinations are expanded `\a', `\b', `\f', `\n', `\r',
--     `\t', `\v', `\\', and `\0' to the ASCII characters alert,
--     backspace, form feed, newline, carriage return, horizontal tab,
--     vertical tab, backslash, and NUL, respectively.  Additionally,
--     `\x'NN, `\u'NNNN and `\U'NNNNNNNN (where each N is a hexadecimal
--     digit) are translated into the Unicode characters corresponding to
--     the specified code points. All other combinations of a character
--     preceded by \ are unexpanded.
--
--`-fmodule-private'
--     Set the default accessibility of module entities to `PRIVATE'.
--     Use-associated entities will not be accessible unless they are
--     explicitly declared as `PUBLIC'.
--
--`-ffixed-line-length-N'
--     Set column after which characters are ignored in typical fixed-form
--     lines in the source file, and through which spaces are assumed (as
--     if padded to that length) after the ends of short fixed-form lines.
--
--     Popular values for N include 72 (the standard and the default), 80
--     (card image), and 132 (corresponding to "extended-source" options
--     in some popular compilers).  N may also be `none', meaning that
--     the entire line is meaningful and that continued character
--     constants never have implicit spaces appended to them to fill out
--     the line.  `-ffixed-line-length-0' means the same thing as
--     `-ffixed-line-length-none'.
--
--`-ffree-line-length-N'
--     Set column after which characters are ignored in typical free-form
--     lines in the source file. The default value is 132.  N may be
--     `none', meaning that the entire line is meaningful.
--     `-ffree-line-length-0' means the same thing as
--     `-ffree-line-length-none'.
--
--`-fmax-identifier-length=N'
--     Specify the maximum allowed identifier length. Typical values are
--     31 (Fortran 95) and 63 (Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008).
--
--`-fimplicit-none'
--     Specify that no implicit typing is allowed, unless overridden by
--     explicit `IMPLICIT' statements.  This is the equivalent of adding
--     `implicit none' to the start of every procedure.
--
--`-fcray-pointer'
--     Enable the Cray pointer extension, which provides C-like pointer
--     functionality.
--
--`-fopenmp'
--     Enable the OpenMP extensions.  This includes OpenMP `!$omp'
--     directives in free form and `c$omp', `*$omp' and `!$omp'
--     directives in fixed form, `!$' conditional compilation sentinels
--     in free form and `c$', `*$' and `!$' sentinels in fixed form, and
--     when linking arranges for the OpenMP runtime library to be linked
--     in.  The option `-fopenmp' implies `-frecursive'.
--
--`-fno-range-check'
--     Disable range checking on results of simplification of constant
--     expressions during compilation.  For example, GNU Fortran will give
--     an error at compile time when simplifying `a = 1. / 0'.  With this
--     option, no error will be given and `a' will be assigned the value
--     `+Infinity'.  If an expression evaluates to a value outside of the
--     relevant range of [`-HUGE()':`HUGE()'], then the expression will
--     be replaced by `-Inf' or `+Inf' as appropriate.  Similarly, `DATA
--     i/Z'FFFFFFFF'/' will result in an integer overflow on most
--     systems, but with `-fno-range-check' the value will "wrap around"
--     and `i' will be initialized to -1 instead.
--
--`-std=STD'
--     Specify the standard to which the program is expected to conform,
--     which may be one of `f95', `f2003', `f2008', `gnu', or `legacy'.
--     The default value for STD is `gnu', which specifies a superset of
--     the Fortran 95 standard that includes all of the extensions
--     supported by GNU Fortran, although warnings will be given for
--     obsolete extensions not recommended for use in new code.  The
--     `legacy' value is equivalent but without the warnings for obsolete
--     extensions, and may be useful for old non-standard programs.  The
--     `f95', `f2003' and `f2008' values specify strict conformance to
--     the Fortran 95, Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008 standards,
--     respectively; errors are given for all extensions beyond the
--     relevant language standard, and warnings are given for the Fortran
--     77 features that are permitted but obsolescent in later standards.
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Preprocessing Options,  Next: Error and Warning Options,  Prev: Fortran Dialect Options,  Up: Invoking GNU Fortran
--
--2.3 Enable and customize preprocessing
--======================================
--
--Preprocessor related options. See section *note Preprocessing and
--conditional compilation:: for more detailed information on
--preprocessing in `gfortran'.
--
--`-cpp'
--
--`-nocpp'
--     Enable preprocessing. The preprocessor is automatically invoked if
--     the file extension is `.fpp', `.FPP',  `.F', `.FOR', `.FTN',
--     `.F90', `.F95', `.F03' or `.F08'. Use this option to manually
--     enable preprocessing of any kind of Fortran file.
--
--     To disable preprocessing of files with any of the above listed
--     extensions, use the negative form: `-nocpp'.
--
--     The preprocessor is run in traditional mode, be aware that any
--     restrictions of the file-format, e.g. fixed-form line width, apply
--     for preprocessed output as well.
--
--`-dM'
--     Instead of the normal output, generate a list of `'#define''
--     directives for all the macros defined during the execution of the
--     preprocessor, including predefined macros. This gives you a way of
--     finding out what is predefined in your version of the preprocessor.
--     Assuming you have no file `foo.f90', the command
--            touch foo.f90; gfortran -cpp -dM foo.f90
--     will show all the predefined macros.
--
--`-dD'
--     Like `-dM' except in two respects: it does not include the
--     predefined macros, and it outputs both the `#define' directives
--     and the result of preprocessing. Both kinds of output go to the
--     standard output file.
--
--`-dN'
--     Like `-dD', but emit only the macro names, not their expansions.
--
--`-dU'
--     Like `dD' except that only macros that are expanded, or whose
--     definedness is tested in preprocessor directives, are output; the
--     output is delayed until the use or test of the macro; and
--     `'#undef'' directives are also output for macros tested but
--     undefined at the time.
--
--`-dI'
--     Output `'#include'' directives in addition to the result of
--     preprocessing.
--
--`-fworking-directory'
--     Enable generation of linemarkers in the preprocessor output that
--     will let the compiler know the current working directory at the
--     time of preprocessing. When this option is enabled, the
--     preprocessor will emit, after the initial linemarker, a second
--     linemarker with the current working directory followed by two
--     slashes. GCC will use this directory, when it's present in the
--     preprocessed input, as the directory emitted as the current
--     working directory in some debugging information formats.  This
--     option is implicitly enabled if debugging information is enabled,
--     but this can be inhibited with the negated form
--     `-fno-working-directory'. If the `-P' flag is present in the
--     command line, this option has no effect, since no `#line'
--     directives are emitted whatsoever.
--
--`-idirafter DIR'
--     Search DIR for include files, but do it after all directories
--     specified with `-I' and the standard system directories have been
--     exhausted. DIR is treated as a system include directory.  If dir
--     begins with `=', then the `=' will be replaced by the sysroot
--     prefix; see `--sysroot' and `-isysroot'.
--
--`-imultilib DIR'
--     Use DIR as a subdirectory of the directory containing
--     target-specific C++ headers.
--
--`-iprefix PREFIX'
--     Specify PREFIX as the prefix for subsequent `-iwithprefix'
--     options. If the PREFIX represents a directory, you should include
--     the final `'/''.
--
--`-isysroot DIR'
--     This option is like the `--sysroot' option, but applies only to
--     header files. See the `--sysroot' option for more information.
--
--`-iquote DIR'
--     Search DIR only for header files requested with `#include "file"';
--     they are not searched for `#include <file>', before all directories
--     specified by `-I' and before the standard system directories. If
--     DIR begins with `=', then the `=' will be replaced by the sysroot
--     prefix; see `--sysroot' and `-isysroot'.
--
--`-isystem DIR'
--     Search DIR for header files, after all directories specified by
--     `-I' but before the standard system directories. Mark it as a
--     system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment as is
--     applied to the standard system directories. If DIR begins with
--     `=', then the `=' will be replaced by the sysroot prefix; see
--     `--sysroot' and `-isysroot'.
--
--`-nostdinc'
--     Do not search the standard system directories for header files.
--     Only the directories you have specified with `-I' options (and the
--     directory of the current file, if appropriate) are searched.
--
--`-undef'
--     Do not predefine any system-specific or GCC-specific macros.  The
--     standard predefined macros remain defined.
--
--`-APREDICATE=ANSWER'
--     Make an assertion with the predicate PREDICATE and answer ANSWER.
--     This form is preferred to the older form -A predicate(answer),
--     which is still supported, because it does not use shell special
--     characters.
--
--`-A-PREDICATE=ANSWER'
--     Cancel an assertion with the predicate PREDICATE and answer ANSWER.
--
--`-C'
--     Do not discard comments. All comments are passed through to the
--     output file, except for comments in processed directives, which
--     are deleted along with the directive.
--
--     You should be prepared for side effects when using `-C'; it causes
--     the preprocessor to treat comments as tokens in their own right.
--     For example, comments appearing at the start of what would be a
--     directive line have the effect of turning that line into an
--     ordinary source line, since the first token on the line is no
--     longer a `'#''.
--
--     Warning: this currently handles C-Style comments only. The
--     preprocessor does not yet recognize Fortran-style comments.
--
--`-CC'
--     Do not discard comments, including during macro expansion. This is
--     like `-C', except that comments contained within macros are also
--     passed through to the output file where the macro is expanded.
--
--     In addition to the side-effects of the `-C' option, the `-CC'
--     option causes all C++-style comments inside a macro to be
--     converted to C-style comments. This is to prevent later use of
--     that macro from inadvertently commenting out the remainder of the
--     source line. The `-CC' option is generally used to support lint
--     comments.
--
--     Warning: this currently handles C- and C++-Style comments only. The
--     preprocessor does not yet recognize Fortran-style comments.
--
--`-DNAME'
--     Predefine name as a macro, with definition `1'.
--
--`-DNAME=DEFINITION'
--     The contents of DEFINITION are tokenized and processed as if they
--     appeared during translation phase three in a `'#define'' directive.
--     In particular, the definition will be truncated by embedded newline
--     characters.
--
--     If you are invoking the preprocessor from a shell or shell-like
--     program you may need to use the shell's quoting syntax to protect
--     characters such as spaces that have a meaning in the shell syntax.
--
--     If you wish to define a function-like macro on the command line,
--     write its argument list with surrounding parentheses before the
--     equals sign (if any). Parentheses are meaningful to most shells,
--     so you will need to quote the option. With sh and csh,
--     `-D'name(args...)=definition'' works.
--
--     `-D' and `-U' options are processed in the order they are given on
--     the command line. All -imacros file and -include file options are
--     processed after all -D and -U options.
--
--`-H'
--     Print the name of each header file used, in addition to other
--     normal activities. Each name is indented to show how deep in the
--     `'#include'' stack it is.
--
--`-P'
--     Inhibit generation of linemarkers in the output from the
--     preprocessor.  This might be useful when running the preprocessor
--     on something that is not C code, and will be sent to a program
--     which might be confused by the linemarkers.
--
--`-UNAME'
--     Cancel any previous definition of NAME, either built in or provided
--     with a `-D' option.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Error and Warning Options,  Next: Debugging Options,  Prev: Preprocessing Options,  Up: Invoking GNU Fortran
--
--2.4 Options to request or suppress errors and warnings
--======================================================
--
--Errors are diagnostic messages that report that the GNU Fortran compiler
--cannot compile the relevant piece of source code.  The compiler will
--continue to process the program in an attempt to report further errors
--to aid in debugging, but will not produce any compiled output.
--
--   Warnings are diagnostic messages that report constructions which are
--not inherently erroneous but which are risky or suggest there is likely
--to be a bug in the program.  Unless `-Werror' is specified, they do not
--prevent compilation of the program.
--
--   You can request many specific warnings with options beginning `-W',
--for example `-Wimplicit' to request warnings on implicit declarations.
--Each of these specific warning options also has a negative form
--beginning `-Wno-' to turn off warnings; for example, `-Wno-implicit'.
--This manual lists only one of the two forms, whichever is not the
--default.
--
--   These options control the amount and kinds of errors and warnings
--produced by GNU Fortran:
--
--`-fmax-errors=N'
--     Limits the maximum number of error messages to N, at which point
--     GNU Fortran bails out rather than attempting to continue
--     processing the source code.  If N is 0, there is no limit on the
--     number of error messages produced.
--
--`-fsyntax-only'
--     Check the code for syntax errors, but don't actually compile it.
--     This will generate module files for each module present in the
--     code, but no other output file.
--
--`-pedantic'
--     Issue warnings for uses of extensions to Fortran 95.  `-pedantic'
--     also applies to C-language constructs where they occur in GNU
--     Fortran source files, such as use of `\e' in a character constant
--     within a directive like `#include'.
--
--     Valid Fortran 95 programs should compile properly with or without
--     this option.  However, without this option, certain GNU extensions
--     and traditional Fortran features are supported as well.  With this
--     option, many of them are rejected.
--
--     Some users try to use `-pedantic' to check programs for
--     conformance.  They soon find that it does not do quite what they
--     want--it finds some nonstandard practices, but not all.  However,
--     improvements to GNU Fortran in this area are welcome.
--
--     This should be used in conjunction with `-std=f95', `-std=f2003'
--     or `-std=f2008'.
--
--`-pedantic-errors'
--     Like `-pedantic', except that errors are produced rather than
--     warnings.
--
--`-Wall'
--     Enables commonly used warning options pertaining to usage that we
--     recommend avoiding and that we believe are easy to avoid.  This
--     currently includes `-Waliasing', `-Wampersand', `-Wsurprising',
--     `-Wintrinsics-std', `-Wno-tabs', `-Wintrinsic-shadow' and
--     `-Wline-truncation'.
--
--`-Waliasing'
--     Warn about possible aliasing of dummy arguments. Specifically, it
--     warns if the same actual argument is associated with a dummy
--     argument with `INTENT(IN)' and a dummy argument with `INTENT(OUT)'
--     in a call with an explicit interface.
--
--     The following example will trigger the warning.
--            interface
--              subroutine bar(a,b)
--                integer, intent(in) :: a
--                integer, intent(out) :: b
--              end subroutine
--            end interface
--            integer :: a
--
--            call bar(a,a)
--
--`-Wampersand'
--     Warn about missing ampersand in continued character constants. The
--     warning is given with `-Wampersand', `-pedantic', `-std=f95',
--     `-std=f2003' and `-std=f2008'. Note: With no ampersand given in a
--     continued character constant, GNU Fortran assumes continuation at
--     the first non-comment, non-whitespace character after the ampersand
--     that initiated the continuation.
--
--`-Warray-temporaries'
--     Warn about array temporaries generated by the compiler.  The
--     information generated by this warning is sometimes useful in
--     optimization, in order to avoid such temporaries.
--
--`-Wcharacter-truncation'
--     Warn when a character assignment will truncate the assigned string.
--
--`-Wline-truncation'
--     Warn when a source code line will be truncated.
--
--`-Wconversion'
--     Warn about implicit conversions between different types.
--
--`-Wimplicit-interface'
--     Warn if a procedure is called without an explicit interface.  Note
--     this only checks that an explicit interface is present.  It does
--     not check that the declared interfaces are consistent across
--     program units.
--
--`-Wintrinsics-std'
--     Warn if `gfortran' finds a procedure named like an intrinsic not
--     available in the currently selected standard (with `-std') and
--     treats it as `EXTERNAL' procedure because of this.
--     `-fall-intrinsics' can be used to never trigger this behaviour and
--     always link to the intrinsic regardless of the selected standard.
--
--`-Wsurprising'
--     Produce a warning when "suspicious" code constructs are
--     encountered.  While technically legal these usually indicate that
--     an error has been made.
--
--     This currently produces a warning under the following
--     circumstances:
--
--        * An INTEGER SELECT construct has a CASE that can never be
--          matched as its lower value is greater than its upper value.
--
--        * A LOGICAL SELECT construct has three CASE statements.
--
--        * A TRANSFER specifies a source that is shorter than the
--          destination.
--
--        * The type of a function result is declared more than once with
--          the same type.  If `-pedantic' or standard-conforming mode is
--          enabled, this is an error.
--
--`-Wtabs'
--     By default, tabs are accepted as whitespace, but tabs are not
--     members of the Fortran Character Set.  For continuation lines, a
--     tab followed by a digit between 1 and 9 is supported.  `-Wno-tabs'
--     will cause a warning to be issued if a tab is encountered. Note,
--     `-Wno-tabs' is active for `-pedantic', `-std=f95', `-std=f2003',
--     `-std=f2008' and `-Wall'.
--
--`-Wunderflow'
--     Produce a warning when numerical constant expressions are
--     encountered, which yield an UNDERFLOW during compilation.
--
--`-Wintrinsic-shadow'
--     Warn if a user-defined procedure or module procedure has the same
--     name as an intrinsic; in this case, an explicit interface or
--     `EXTERNAL' or `INTRINSIC' declaration might be needed to get calls
--     later resolved to the desired intrinsic/procedure.
--
--`-Wunused-parameter'
--     Contrary to `gcc''s meaning of `-Wunused-parameter', `gfortran''s
--     implementation of this option does not warn about unused dummy
--     arguments, but about unused `PARAMETER' values.
--     `-Wunused-parameter' is not included in `-Wall' but is implied by
--     `-Wall -Wextra'.
--
--`-Walign-commons'
--     By default, `gfortran' warns about any occasion of variables being
--     padded for proper alignment inside a COMMON block. This warning
--     can be turned off via `-Wno-align-commons'. See also
--     `-falign-commons'.
--
--`-Werror'
--     Turns all warnings into errors.
--
--   *Note Options to Request or Suppress Errors and Warnings: (gcc)Error
--and Warning Options, for information on more options offered by the GBE
--shared by `gfortran', `gcc' and other GNU compilers.
--
--   Some of these have no effect when compiling programs written in
--Fortran.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Debugging Options,  Next: Directory Options,  Prev: Error and Warning Options,  Up: Invoking GNU Fortran
--
--2.5 Options for debugging your program or GNU Fortran
--=====================================================
--
--GNU Fortran has various special options that are used for debugging
--either your program or the GNU Fortran compiler.
--
--`-fdump-parse-tree'
--     Output the internal parse tree before starting code generation.
--     Only really useful for debugging the GNU Fortran compiler itself.
--
--`-ffpe-trap=LIST'
--     Specify a list of IEEE exceptions when a Floating Point Exception
--     (FPE) should be raised.  On most systems, this will result in a
--     SIGFPE signal being sent and the program being interrupted,
--     producing a core file useful for debugging.  LIST is a (possibly
--     empty) comma-separated list of the following IEEE exceptions:
--     `invalid' (invalid floating point operation, such as
--     `SQRT(-1.0)'), `zero' (division by zero), `overflow' (overflow in
--     a floating point operation), `underflow' (underflow in a floating
--     point operation), `precision' (loss of precision during operation)
--     and `denormal' (operation produced a denormal value).
--
--     Some of the routines in the Fortran runtime library, like
--     `CPU_TIME', are likely to trigger floating point exceptions when
--     `ffpe-trap=precision' is used. For this reason, the use of
--     `ffpe-trap=precision' is not recommended.
--
--`-fbacktrace'
--     Specify that, when a runtime error is encountered or a deadly
--     signal is emitted (segmentation fault, illegal instruction, bus
--     error or floating-point exception), the Fortran runtime library
--     should output a backtrace of the error.  This option only has
--     influence for compilation of the Fortran main program.
--
--`-fdump-core'
--     Request that a core-dump file is written to disk when a runtime
--     error is encountered on systems that support core dumps. This
--     option is only effective for the compilation of the Fortran main
--     program.
--
--   *Note Options for Debugging Your Program or GCC: (gcc)Debugging
--Options, for more information on debugging options.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Directory Options,  Next: Link Options,  Prev: Debugging Options,  Up: Invoking GNU Fortran
--
--2.6 Options for directory search
--================================
--
--These options affect how GNU Fortran searches for files specified by
--the `INCLUDE' directive and where it searches for previously compiled
--modules.
--
--   It also affects the search paths used by `cpp' when used to
--preprocess Fortran source.
--
--`-IDIR'
--     These affect interpretation of the `INCLUDE' directive (as well as
--     of the `#include' directive of the `cpp' preprocessor).
--
--     Also note that the general behavior of `-I' and `INCLUDE' is
--     pretty much the same as of `-I' with `#include' in the `cpp'
--     preprocessor, with regard to looking for `header.gcc' files and
--     other such things.
--
--     This path is also used to search for `.mod' files when previously
--     compiled modules are required by a `USE' statement.
--
--     *Note Options for Directory Search: (gcc)Directory Options, for
--     information on the `-I' option.
--
--`-JDIR'
--
--`-MDIR'
--     This option specifies where to put `.mod' files for compiled
--     modules.  It is also added to the list of directories to searched
--     by an `USE' statement.
--
--     The default is the current directory.
--
--     `-M' is deprecated to avoid conflicts with existing GCC options.
--
--`-fintrinsic-modules-path DIR'
--     This option specifies the location of pre-compiled intrinsic
--     modules, if they are not in the default location expected by the
--     compiler.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Link Options,  Next: Runtime Options,  Prev: Directory Options,  Up: Invoking GNU Fortran
--
--2.7 Influencing the linking step
--================================
--
--These options come into play when the compiler links object files into
--an executable output file. They are meaningless if the compiler is not
--doing a link step.
--
--`-static-libgfortran'
--     On systems that provide `libgfortran' as a shared and a static
--     library, this option forces the use of the static version. If no
--     shared version of `libgfortran' was built when the compiler was
--     configured, this option has no effect.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Runtime Options,  Next: Code Gen Options,  Prev: Link Options,  Up: Invoking GNU Fortran
--
--2.8 Influencing runtime behavior
--================================
--
--These options affect the runtime behavior of programs compiled with GNU
--Fortran.
--`-fconvert=CONVERSION'
--     Specify the representation of data for unformatted files.  Valid
--     values for conversion are: `native', the default; `swap', swap
--     between big- and little-endian; `big-endian', use big-endian
--     representation for unformatted files; `little-endian', use
--     little-endian representation for unformatted files.
--
--     _This option has an effect only when used in the main program.
--     The `CONVERT' specifier and the GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT environment
--     variable override the default specified by `-fconvert'._
--
--`-fno-range-check'
--     Disable range checking of input values during integer `READ'
--     operations.  For example, GNU Fortran will give an error if an
--     input value is outside of the relevant range of
--     [`-HUGE()':`HUGE()']. In other words, with `INTEGER (kind=4) :: i'
--     , attempting to read -2147483648 will give an error unless
--     `-fno-range-check' is given.
--
--`-frecord-marker=LENGTH'
--     Specify the length of record markers for unformatted files.  Valid
--     values for LENGTH are 4 and 8.  Default is 4.  _This is different
--     from previous versions of `gfortran'_, which specified a default
--     record marker length of 8 on most systems.  If you want to read or
--     write files compatible with earlier versions of `gfortran', use
--     `-frecord-marker=8'.
--
--`-fmax-subrecord-length=LENGTH'
--     Specify the maximum length for a subrecord.  The maximum permitted
--     value for length is 2147483639, which is also the default.  Only
--     really useful for use by the gfortran testsuite.
--
--`-fsign-zero'
--     When writing zero values, show the negative sign if the sign bit
--     is set.  `fno-sign-zero' does not print the negative sign of zero
--     values for compatibility with F77.  Default behavior is to show
--     the negative sign.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Code Gen Options,  Next: Environment Variables,  Prev: Runtime Options,  Up: Invoking GNU Fortran
--
--2.9 Options for code generation conventions
--===========================================
--
--These machine-independent options control the interface conventions
--used in code generation.
--
--   Most of them have both positive and negative forms; the negative form
--of `-ffoo' would be `-fno-foo'.  In the table below, only one of the
--forms is listed--the one which is not the default.  You can figure out
--the other form by either removing `no-' or adding it.
--
--`-fno-automatic'
--     Treat each program unit (except those marked as RECURSIVE) as if
--     the `SAVE' statement were specified for every local variable and
--     array referenced in it. Does not affect common blocks. (Some
--     Fortran compilers provide this option under the name `-static' or
--     `-save'.)  The default, which is `-fautomatic', uses the stack for
--     local variables smaller than the value given by
--     `-fmax-stack-var-size'.  Use the option `-frecursive' to use no
--     static memory.
--
--`-ff2c'
--     Generate code designed to be compatible with code generated by
--     `g77' and `f2c'.
--
--     The calling conventions used by `g77' (originally implemented in
--     `f2c') require functions that return type default `REAL' to
--     actually return the C type `double', and functions that return
--     type `COMPLEX' to return the values via an extra argument in the
--     calling sequence that points to where to store the return value.
--     Under the default GNU calling conventions, such functions simply
--     return their results as they would in GNU C--default `REAL'
--     functions return the C type `float', and `COMPLEX' functions
--     return the GNU C type `complex'.  Additionally, this option
--     implies the `-fsecond-underscore' option, unless
--     `-fno-second-underscore' is explicitly requested.
--
--     This does not affect the generation of code that interfaces with
--     the `libgfortran' library.
--
--     _Caution:_ It is not a good idea to mix Fortran code compiled with
--     `-ff2c' with code compiled with the default `-fno-f2c' calling
--     conventions as, calling `COMPLEX' or default `REAL' functions
--     between program parts which were compiled with different calling
--     conventions will break at execution time.
--
--     _Caution:_ This will break code which passes intrinsic functions
--     of type default `REAL' or `COMPLEX' as actual arguments, as the
--     library implementations use the `-fno-f2c' calling conventions.
--
--`-fno-underscoring'
--     Do not transform names of entities specified in the Fortran source
--     file by appending underscores to them.
--
--     With `-funderscoring' in effect, GNU Fortran appends one
--     underscore to external names with no underscores.  This is done to
--     ensure compatibility with code produced by many UNIX Fortran
--     compilers.
--
--     _Caution_: The default behavior of GNU Fortran is incompatible
--     with `f2c' and `g77', please use the `-ff2c' option if you want
--     object files compiled with GNU Fortran to be compatible with
--     object code created with these tools.
--
--     Use of `-fno-underscoring' is not recommended unless you are
--     experimenting with issues such as integration of GNU Fortran into
--     existing system environments (vis-a`-vis existing libraries, tools,
--     and so on).
--
--     For example, with `-funderscoring', and assuming other defaults
--     like `-fcase-lower' and that `j()' and `max_count()' are external
--     functions while `my_var' and `lvar' are local variables, a
--     statement like
--          I = J() + MAX_COUNT (MY_VAR, LVAR)
--     is implemented as something akin to:
--          i = j_() + max_count__(&my_var__, &lvar);
--
--     With `-fno-underscoring', the same statement is implemented as:
--
--          i = j() + max_count(&my_var, &lvar);
--
--     Use of `-fno-underscoring' allows direct specification of
--     user-defined names while debugging and when interfacing GNU Fortran
--     code with other languages.
--
--     Note that just because the names match does _not_ mean that the
--     interface implemented by GNU Fortran for an external name matches
--     the interface implemented by some other language for that same
--     name.  That is, getting code produced by GNU Fortran to link to
--     code produced by some other compiler using this or any other
--     method can be only a small part of the overall solution--getting
--     the code generated by both compilers to agree on issues other than
--     naming can require significant effort, and, unlike naming
--     disagreements, linkers normally cannot detect disagreements in
--     these other areas.
--
--     Also, note that with `-fno-underscoring', the lack of appended
--     underscores introduces the very real possibility that a
--     user-defined external name will conflict with a name in a system
--     library, which could make finding unresolved-reference bugs quite
--     difficult in some cases--they might occur at program run time, and
--     show up only as buggy behavior at run time.
--
--     In future versions of GNU Fortran we hope to improve naming and
--     linking issues so that debugging always involves using the names
--     as they appear in the source, even if the names as seen by the
--     linker are mangled to prevent accidental linking between
--     procedures with incompatible interfaces.
--
--`-fsecond-underscore'
--     By default, GNU Fortran appends an underscore to external names.
--     If this option is used GNU Fortran appends two underscores to
--     names with underscores and one underscore to external names with
--     no underscores.  GNU Fortran also appends two underscores to
--     internal names with underscores to avoid naming collisions with
--     external names.
--
--     This option has no effect if `-fno-underscoring' is in effect.  It
--     is implied by the `-ff2c' option.
--
--     Otherwise, with this option, an external name such as `MAX_COUNT'
--     is implemented as a reference to the link-time external symbol
--     `max_count__', instead of `max_count_'.  This is required for
--     compatibility with `g77' and `f2c', and is implied by use of the
--     `-ff2c' option.
--
--`-fbounds-check'
--     Enable generation of run-time checks for array subscripts and
--     against the declared minimum and maximum values.  It also checks
--     array indices for assumed and deferred shape arrays against the
--     actual allocated bounds and ensures that all string lengths are
--     equal for character array constructors without an explicit
--     typespec.
--
--     Some checks require that `-fbounds-check' is set for the
--     compilation of the main program.
--
--     Note: In the future this may also include other forms of checking,
--     e.g., checking substring references.
--
--`fcheck-array-temporaries'
--     Warns at run time when for passing an actual argument a temporary
--     array had to be generated. The information generated by this
--     warning is sometimes useful in optimization, in order to avoid
--     such temporaries.
--
--     Note: The warning is only printed once per location.
--
--`-fmax-array-constructor=N'
--     This option can be used to increase the upper limit permitted in
--     array constructors.  The code below requires this option to expand
--     the array at compile time.
--
--          `program test'
--          `implicit none'
--          `integer j'
--          `integer, parameter :: n = 100000'
--          `integer, parameter :: i(n) = (/ (2*j, j = 1, n) /)'
--          `print '(10(I0,1X))', i'
--          `end program test'
--
--     _Caution:  This option can lead to long compile times and
--     excessively large object files._
--
--     The default value for N is 65535.
--
--`-fmax-stack-var-size=N'
--     This option specifies the size in bytes of the largest array that
--     will be put on the stack; if the size is exceeded static memory is
--     used (except in procedures marked as RECURSIVE). Use the option
--     `-frecursive' to allow for recursive procedures which do not have
--     a RECURSIVE attribute or for parallel programs. Use
--     `-fno-automatic' to never use the stack.
--
--     This option currently only affects local arrays declared with
--     constant bounds, and may not apply to all character variables.
--     Future versions of GNU Fortran may improve this behavior.
--
--     The default value for N is 32768.
--
--`-fpack-derived'
--     This option tells GNU Fortran to pack derived type members as
--     closely as possible.  Code compiled with this option is likely to
--     be incompatible with code compiled without this option, and may
--     execute slower.
--
--`-frepack-arrays'
--     In some circumstances GNU Fortran may pass assumed shape array
--     sections via a descriptor describing a noncontiguous area of
--     memory.  This option adds code to the function prologue to repack
--     the data into a contiguous block at runtime.
--
--     This should result in faster accesses to the array.  However it
--     can introduce significant overhead to the function call,
--     especially  when the passed data is noncontiguous.
--
--`-fshort-enums'
--     This option is provided for interoperability with C code that was
--     compiled with the `-fshort-enums' option.  It will make GNU
--     Fortran choose the smallest `INTEGER' kind a given enumerator set
--     will fit in, and give all its enumerators this kind.
--
--`-fexternal-blas'
--     This option will make `gfortran' generate calls to BLAS functions
--     for some matrix operations like `MATMUL', instead of using our own
--     algorithms, if the size of the matrices involved is larger than a
--     given limit (see `-fblas-matmul-limit').  This may be profitable
--     if an optimized vendor BLAS library is available.  The BLAS
--     library will have to be specified at link time.
--
--`-fblas-matmul-limit=N'
--     Only significant when `-fexternal-blas' is in effect.  Matrix
--     multiplication of matrices with size larger than (or equal to) N
--     will be performed by calls to BLAS functions, while others will be
--     handled by `gfortran' internal algorithms. If the matrices
--     involved are not square, the size comparison is performed using the
--     geometric mean of the dimensions of the argument and result
--     matrices.
--
--     The default value for N is 30.
--
--`-frecursive'
--     Allow indirect recursion by forcing all local arrays to be
--     allocated on the stack. This flag cannot be used together with
--     `-fmax-stack-var-size=' or `-fno-automatic'.
--
--`-finit-local-zero'
--
--`-finit-integer=N'
--
--`-finit-real=<ZERO|INF|-INF|NAN>'
--
--`-finit-logical=<TRUE|FALSE>'
--
--`-finit-character=N'
--     The `-finit-local-zero' option instructs the compiler to
--     initialize local `INTEGER', `REAL', and `COMPLEX' variables to
--     zero, `LOGICAL' variables to false, and `CHARACTER' variables to a
--     string of null bytes.  Finer-grained initialization options are
--     provided by the `-finit-integer=N',
--     `-finit-real=<ZERO|INF|-INF|NAN>' (which also initializes the real
--     and imaginary parts of local `COMPLEX' variables),
--     `-finit-logical=<TRUE|FALSE>', and `-finit-character=N' (where N
--     is an ASCII character value) options.  These options do not
--     initialize components of derived type variables, nor do they
--     initialize variables that appear in an `EQUIVALENCE' statement.
--     (This limitation may be removed in future releases).
--
--     Note that the `-finit-real=nan' option initializes `REAL' and
--     `COMPLEX' variables with a quiet NaN.
--
--`-falign-commons'
--     By default, `gfortran' enforces proper alignment of all variables
--     in a COMMON block by padding them as needed. On certain platforms
--     this is mandatory, on others it increases performance. If a COMMON
--     block is not declared with consistent data types everywhere, this
--     padding can cause trouble, and `-fno-align-commons ' can be used
--     to disable automatic alignment. The same form of this option
--     should be used for all files that share a COMMON block.  To avoid
--     potential alignment issues in COMMON blocks, it is recommended to
--     order objects from largests to smallest.
--
--   *Note Options for Code Generation Conventions: (gcc)Code Gen
--Options, for information on more options offered by the GBE shared by
--`gfortran', `gcc', and other GNU compilers.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Environment Variables,  Prev: Code Gen Options,  Up: Invoking GNU Fortran
--
--2.10 Environment variables affecting `gfortran'
--===============================================
--
--The `gfortran' compiler currently does not make use of any environment
--variables to control its operation above and beyond those that affect
--the operation of `gcc'.
--
--   *Note Environment Variables Affecting GCC: (gcc)Environment
--Variables, for information on environment variables.
--
--   *Note Runtime::, for environment variables that affect the run-time
--behavior of programs compiled with GNU Fortran.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Runtime,  Next: Fortran 2003 and 2008 status,  Prev: Invoking GNU Fortran,  Up: Top
--
--3 Runtime:  Influencing runtime behavior with environment variables
--*******************************************************************
--
--The behavior of the `gfortran' can be influenced by environment
--variables.
--
--   Malformed environment variables are silently ignored.
--
--* Menu:
--
--* GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT:: Unit number for standard input
--* GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT:: Unit number for standard output
--* GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT:: Unit number for standard error
--* GFORTRAN_USE_STDERR:: Send library output to standard error
--* GFORTRAN_TMPDIR:: Directory for scratch files
--* GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL:: Don't buffer I/O for all units.
--* GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED:: Don't buffer I/O for preconnected units.
--* GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS::  Show location for runtime errors
--* GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS:: Print leading + where permitted
--* GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL:: Default record length for new files
--* GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR::  Separator for list output
--* GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT::  Set endianness for unformatted I/O
--* GFORTRAN_ERROR_DUMPCORE:: Dump core on run-time errors
--* GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE:: Show backtrace on run-time errors
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT,  Next: GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.1 `GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT'--Unit number for standard input
--=========================================================
--
--This environment variable can be used to select the unit number
--preconnected to standard input.  This must be a positive integer.  The
--default value is 5.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT,  Next: GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT,  Prev: GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.2 `GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT'--Unit number for standard output
--===========================================================
--
--This environment variable can be used to select the unit number
--preconnected to standard output.  This must be a positive integer.  The
--default value is 6.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT,  Next: GFORTRAN_USE_STDERR,  Prev: GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.3 `GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT'--Unit number for standard error
--==========================================================
--
--This environment variable can be used to select the unit number
--preconnected to standard error.  This must be a positive integer.  The
--default value is 0.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_USE_STDERR,  Next: GFORTRAN_TMPDIR,  Prev: GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.4 `GFORTRAN_USE_STDERR'--Send library output to standard error
--================================================================
--
--This environment variable controls where library output is sent.  If
--the first letter is `y', `Y' or `1', standard error is used. If the
--first letter is `n', `N' or `0', standard output is used.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_TMPDIR,  Next: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL,  Prev: GFORTRAN_USE_STDERR,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.5 `GFORTRAN_TMPDIR'--Directory for scratch files
--==================================================
--
--This environment variable controls where scratch files are created.  If
--this environment variable is missing, GNU Fortran searches for the
--environment variable `TMP'.  If this is also missing, the default is
--`/tmp'.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL,  Next: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED,  Prev: GFORTRAN_TMPDIR,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.6 `GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL'--Don't buffer I/O on all units
--============================================================
--
--This environment variable controls whether all I/O is unbuffered.  If
--the first letter is `y', `Y' or `1', all I/O is unbuffered. This will
--slow down small sequential reads and writes.  If the first letter is
--`n', `N' or `0', I/O is buffered.  This is the default.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED,  Next: GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS,  Prev: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.7 `GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED'--Don't buffer I/O on preconnected units
--==============================================================================
--
--The environment variable named `GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED'
--controls whether I/O on a preconnected unit (i.e. STDOUT or STDERR) is
--unbuffered.  If the first letter is `y', `Y' or `1', I/O is unbuffered.
--This will slow down small sequential reads and writes.  If the first
--letter is `n', `N' or `0', I/O is buffered.  This is the default.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS,  Next: GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS,  Prev: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.8 `GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS'--Show location for runtime errors
--===========================================================
--
--If the first letter is `y', `Y' or `1', filename and line numbers for
--runtime errors are printed.  If the first letter is `n', `N' or `0',
--don't print filename and line numbers for runtime errors. The default
--is to print the location.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS,  Next: GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL,  Prev: GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.9 `GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS'--Print leading + where permitted
--=============================================================
--
--If the first letter is `y', `Y' or `1', a plus sign is printed where
--permitted by the Fortran standard.  If the first letter is `n', `N' or
--`0', a plus sign is not printed in most cases. Default is not to print
--plus signs.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL,  Next: GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR,  Prev: GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.10 `GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL'--Default record length for new files
--=================================================================
--
--This environment variable specifies the default record length, in
--bytes, for files which are opened without a `RECL' tag in the `OPEN'
--statement.  This must be a positive integer.  The default value is
--1073741824 bytes (1 GB).
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR,  Next: GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT,  Prev: GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.11 `GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR'--Separator for list output
--=========================================================
--
--This environment variable specifies the separator when writing
--list-directed output.  It may contain any number of spaces and at most
--one comma.  If you specify this on the command line, be sure to quote
--spaces, as in
--     $ GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR='  ,  ' ./a.out
--   when `a.out' is the compiled Fortran program that you want to run.
--Default is a single space.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT,  Next: GFORTRAN_ERROR_DUMPCORE,  Prev: GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.12 `GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT'--Set endianness for unformatted I/O
--================================================================
--
--By setting the `GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT' variable, it is possible to
--change the representation of data for unformatted files.  The syntax
--for the `GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT' variable is:
--     GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT: mode | mode ';' exception | exception ;
--     mode: 'native' | 'swap' | 'big_endian' | 'little_endian' ;
--     exception: mode ':' unit_list | unit_list ;
--     unit_list: unit_spec | unit_list unit_spec ;
--     unit_spec: INTEGER | INTEGER '-' INTEGER ;
--   The variable consists of an optional default mode, followed by a
--list of optional exceptions, which are separated by semicolons from the
--preceding default and each other.  Each exception consists of a format
--and a comma-separated list of units.  Valid values for the modes are
--the same as for the `CONVERT' specifier:
--
--     `NATIVE' Use the native format.  This is the default.
--
--     `SWAP' Swap between little- and big-endian.
--
--     `LITTLE_ENDIAN' Use the little-endian format for unformatted files.
--
--     `BIG_ENDIAN' Use the big-endian format for unformatted files.
--   A missing mode for an exception is taken to mean `BIG_ENDIAN'.
--Examples of values for `GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT' are:
--     `'big_endian''  Do all unformatted I/O in big_endian mode.
--
--     `'little_endian;native:10-20,25''  Do all unformatted I/O in
--     little_endian mode, except for units 10 to 20 and 25, which are in
--     native format.
--
--     `'10-20''  Units 10 to 20 are big-endian, the rest is native.
--
--   Setting the environment variables should be done on the command line
--or via the `export' command for `sh'-compatible shells and via `setenv'
--for `csh'-compatible shells.
--
--   Example for `sh':
--     $ gfortran foo.f90
--     $ GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT='big_endian;native:10-20' ./a.out
--
--   Example code for `csh':
--     % gfortran foo.f90
--     % setenv GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT 'big_endian;native:10-20'
--     % ./a.out
--
--   Using anything but the native representation for unformatted data
--carries a significant speed overhead.  If speed in this area matters to
--you, it is best if you use this only for data that needs to be portable.
--
--   *Note CONVERT specifier::, for an alternative way to specify the
--data representation for unformatted files.  *Note Runtime Options::, for
--setting a default data representation for the whole program.  The
--`CONVERT' specifier overrides the `-fconvert' compile options.
--
--   _Note that the values specified via the GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT
--environment variable will override the CONVERT specifier in the open
--statement_.  This is to give control over data formats to users who do
--not have the source code of their program available.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_ERROR_DUMPCORE,  Next: GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE,  Prev: GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.13 `GFORTRAN_ERROR_DUMPCORE'--Dump core on run-time errors
--============================================================
--
--If the `GFORTRAN_ERROR_DUMPCORE' variable is set to `y', `Y' or `1'
--(only the first letter is relevant) then library run-time errors cause
--core dumps. To disable the core dumps, set the variable to `n', `N',
--`0'. Default is not to core dump unless the `-fdump-core' compile option
--was used.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE,  Prev: GFORTRAN_ERROR_DUMPCORE,  Up: Runtime
--
--3.14 `GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE'--Show backtrace on run-time errors
--==================================================================
--
--If the `GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE' variable is set to `y', `Y' or `1'
--(only the first letter is relevant) then a backtrace is printed when a
--run-time error occurs.  To disable the backtracing, set the variable to
--`n', `N', `0'. Default is not to print a backtrace unless the
--`-fbacktrace' compile option was used.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Fortran 2003 and 2008 status,  Next: Compiler Characteristics,  Prev: Runtime,  Up: Top
--
--4 Fortran 2003 and 2008 Status
--******************************
--
--* Menu:
--
--* Fortran 2003 status::
--* Fortran 2008 status::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Fortran 2003 status,  Next: Fortran 2008 status,  Up: Fortran 2003 and 2008 status
--
--4.1 Fortran 2003 status
--=======================
--
--Although GNU Fortran focuses on implementing the Fortran 95 standard
--for the time being, a few Fortran 2003 features are currently available.
--
--   * Intrinsics `command_argument_count', `get_command',
--     `get_command_argument', `get_environment_variable', and
--     `move_alloc'.
--
--   * Array constructors using square brackets. That is, `[...]' rather
--     than `(/.../)'.
--
--   * `FLUSH' statement.
--
--   * `IOMSG=' specifier for I/O statements.
--
--   * Support for the declaration of enumeration constants via the
--     `ENUM' and `ENUMERATOR' statements.  Interoperability with `gcc'
--     is guaranteed also for the case where the `-fshort-enums' command
--     line option is given.
--
--   * TR 15581:
--        * `ALLOCATABLE' dummy arguments.
--
--        * `ALLOCATABLE' function results
--
--        * `ALLOCATABLE' components of derived types
--
--   * The `OPEN' statement supports the `ACCESS='STREAM'' specifier,
--     allowing I/O without any record structure.
--
--   * Namelist input/output for internal files.
--
--   * The `PROTECTED' statement and attribute.
--
--   * The `VALUE' statement and attribute.
--
--   * The `VOLATILE' statement and attribute.
--
--   * The `IMPORT' statement, allowing to import host-associated derived
--     types.
--
--   * `USE' statement with `INTRINSIC' and `NON_INTRINSIC' attribute;
--     supported intrinsic modules: `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV', `OMP_LIB' and
--     `OMP_LIB_KINDS'.
--
--   * Renaming of operators in the `USE' statement.
--
--   * Interoperability with C (ISO C Bindings)
--
--   * BOZ as argument of INT, REAL, DBLE and CMPLX.
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Fortran 2008 status,  Prev: Fortran 2003 status,  Up: Fortran 2003 and 2008 status
--
--4.2 Fortran 2008 status
--=======================
--
--The next version of the Fortran standard after Fortran 2003 is currently
--being worked on by the Working Group 5 of Sub-Committee 22 of the Joint
--Technical Committee 1 of the International Organization for
--Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission
--(IEC). This group is known at WG5 (http://www.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/).  The
--next revision of the Fortran standard is informally referred to as
--Fortran 2008, reflecting its planned release year. The GNU Fortran
--compiler has support for some of the new features in Fortran 2008. This
--support is based on the latest draft, available from
--`http://www.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/'. However, as the final standard may
--differ from the drafts, no guarantee of backward compatibility can be
--made and you should only use it for experimental purposes.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Compiler Characteristics,  Next: Extensions,  Prev: Fortran 2003 and 2008 status,  Up: Top
--
--5 Compiler Characteristics
--**************************
--
--This chapter describes certain characteristics of the GNU Fortran
--compiler, namely the KIND type parameter values supported.
--
--* Menu:
--
--* KIND Type Parameters::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: KIND Type Parameters,  Up: Compiler Characteristics
--
--5.1 KIND Type Parameters
--========================
--
--The `KIND' type parameters supported by GNU Fortran for the primitive
--data types are:
--
--`INTEGER'
--     1, 2, 4, 8*, 16*, default: 4 (1)
--
--`LOGICAL'
--     1, 2, 4, 8*, 16*, default: 4 (1)
--
--`REAL'
--     4, 8, 10**, 16**, default: 4 (2)
--
--`COMPLEX'
--     4, 8, 10**, 16**, default: 4 (2)
--
--`CHARACTER'
--     1, 4, default: 1
--
--
--* = not available on all systems
--** = not available on all systems; additionally 10 and 16 are never
--available at the same time
--(1) Unless -fdefault-integer-8 is used
--(2) Unless -fdefault-real-8 is used
--
--The `KIND' value matches the storage size in bytes, except for
--`COMPLEX' where the storage size is twice as much (or both real and
--imaginary part are a real value of the given size).  It is recommended
--to use the `SELECT_*_KIND' intrinsics instead of the concrete values.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Extensions,  Next: Intrinsic Procedures,  Prev: Compiler Characteristics,  Up: Top
--
--6 Extensions
--************
--
--The two sections below detail the extensions to standard Fortran that
--are implemented in GNU Fortran, as well as some of the popular or
--historically important extensions that are not (or not yet) implemented.
--For the latter case, we explain the alternatives available to GNU
--Fortran users, including replacement by standard-conforming code or GNU
--extensions.
--
--* Menu:
--
--* Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran::
--* Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran,  Next: Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran,  Up: Extensions
--
--6.1 Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--=========================================
--
--GNU Fortran implements a number of extensions over standard Fortran.
--This chapter contains information on their syntax and meaning.  There
--are currently two categories of GNU Fortran extensions, those that
--provide functionality beyond that provided by any standard, and those
--that are supported by GNU Fortran purely for backward compatibility
--with legacy compilers.  By default, `-std=gnu' allows the compiler to
--accept both types of extensions, but to warn about the use of the
--latter.  Specifying either `-std=f95', `-std=f2003' or `-std=f2008'
--disables both types of extensions, and `-std=legacy' allows both
--without warning.
--
--* Menu:
--
--* Old-style kind specifications::
--* Old-style variable initialization::
--* Extensions to namelist::
--* X format descriptor without count field::
--* Commas in FORMAT specifications::
--* Missing period in FORMAT specifications::
--* I/O item lists::
--* BOZ literal constants::
--* Real array indices::
--* Unary operators::
--* Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values::
--* Hollerith constants support::
--* Cray pointers::
--* CONVERT specifier::
--* OpenMP::
--* Argument list functions::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Old-style kind specifications,  Next: Old-style variable initialization,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.1 Old-style kind specifications
-------------------------------------
--
--GNU Fortran allows old-style kind specifications in declarations. These
--look like:
--           TYPESPEC*size x,y,z
--   where `TYPESPEC' is a basic type (`INTEGER', `REAL', etc.), and
--where `size' is a byte count corresponding to the storage size of a
--valid kind for that type.  (For `COMPLEX' variables, `size' is the
--total size of the real and imaginary parts.)  The statement then
--declares `x', `y' and `z' to be of type `TYPESPEC' with the appropriate
--kind.  This is equivalent to the standard-conforming declaration
--           TYPESPEC(k) x,y,z
--   where `k' is the kind parameter suitable for the intended precision.
--As kind parameters are implementation-dependent, use the `KIND',
--`SELECTED_INT_KIND' and `SELECTED_REAL_KIND' intrinsics to retrieve the
--correct value, for instance `REAL*8 x' can be replaced by:
--     INTEGER, PARAMETER :: dbl = KIND(1.0d0)
--     REAL(KIND=dbl) :: x
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Old-style variable initialization,  Next: Extensions to namelist,  Prev: Old-style kind specifications,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.2 Old-style variable initialization
-----------------------------------------
--
--GNU Fortran allows old-style initialization of variables of the form:
--           INTEGER i/1/,j/2/
--           REAL x(2,2) /3*0.,1./
--   The syntax for the initializers is as for the `DATA' statement, but
--unlike in a `DATA' statement, an initializer only applies to the
--variable immediately preceding the initialization.  In other words,
--something like `INTEGER I,J/2,3/' is not valid.  This style of
--initialization is only allowed in declarations without double colons
--(`::'); the double colons were introduced in Fortran 90, which also
--introduced a standard syntax for initializing variables in type
--declarations.
--
--   Examples of standard-conforming code equivalent to the above example
--are:
--     ! Fortran 90
--           INTEGER :: i = 1, j = 2
--           REAL :: x(2,2) = RESHAPE((/0.,0.,0.,1./),SHAPE(x))
--     ! Fortran 77
--           INTEGER i, j
--           REAL x(2,2)
--           DATA i/1/, j/2/, x/3*0.,1./
--
--   Note that variables which are explicitly initialized in declarations
--or in `DATA' statements automatically acquire the `SAVE' attribute.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Extensions to namelist,  Next: X format descriptor without count field,  Prev: Old-style variable initialization,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.3 Extensions to namelist
------------------------------
--
--GNU Fortran fully supports the Fortran 95 standard for namelist I/O
--including array qualifiers, substrings and fully qualified derived
--types.  The output from a namelist write is compatible with namelist
--read.  The output has all names in upper case and indentation to column
--1 after the namelist name.  Two extensions are permitted:
--
--   Old-style use of `$' instead of `&'
--     $MYNML
--      X(:)%Y(2) = 1.0 2.0 3.0
--      CH(1:4) = "abcd"
--     $END
--
--   It should be noted that the default terminator is `/' rather than
--`&END'.
--
--   Querying of the namelist when inputting from stdin. After at least
--one space, entering `?' sends to stdout the namelist name and the names
--of the variables in the namelist:
--      ?
--
--     &mynml
--      x
--      x%y
--      ch
--     &end
--
--   Entering `=?' outputs the namelist to stdout, as if `WRITE(*,NML =
--mynml)' had been called:
--     =?
--
--     &MYNML
--      X(1)%Y=  0.000000    ,  1.000000    ,  0.000000    ,
--      X(2)%Y=  0.000000    ,  2.000000    ,  0.000000    ,
--      X(3)%Y=  0.000000    ,  3.000000    ,  0.000000    ,
--      CH=abcd,  /
--
--   To aid this dialog, when input is from stdin, errors send their
--messages to stderr and execution continues, even if `IOSTAT' is set.
--
--   `PRINT' namelist is permitted.  This causes an error if `-std=f95'
--is used.
--     PROGRAM test_print
--       REAL, dimension (4)  ::  x = (/1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0/)
--       NAMELIST /mynml/ x
--       PRINT mynml
--     END PROGRAM test_print
--
--   Expanded namelist reads are permitted.  This causes an error if
--`-std=f95' is used.  In the following example, the first element of the
--array will be given the value 0.00 and the two succeeding elements will
--be given the values 1.00 and 2.00.
--     &MYNML
--       X(1,1) = 0.00 , 1.00 , 2.00
--     /
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: X format descriptor without count field,  Next: Commas in FORMAT specifications,  Prev: Extensions to namelist,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.4 `X' format descriptor without count field
-------------------------------------------------
--
--To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran permits the count field of the `X'
--edit descriptor in `FORMAT' statements to be omitted.  When omitted,
--the count is implicitly assumed to be one.
--
--            PRINT 10, 2, 3
--     10     FORMAT (I1, X, I1)
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Commas in FORMAT specifications,  Next: Missing period in FORMAT specifications,  Prev: X format descriptor without count field,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.5 Commas in `FORMAT' specifications
-----------------------------------------
--
--To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran allows the comma separator to be
--omitted immediately before and after character string edit descriptors
--in `FORMAT' statements.
--
--            PRINT 10, 2, 3
--     10     FORMAT ('FOO='I1' BAR='I2)
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Missing period in FORMAT specifications,  Next: I/O item lists,  Prev: Commas in FORMAT specifications,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.6 Missing period in `FORMAT' specifications
-------------------------------------------------
--
--To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran allows missing periods in format
--specifications if and only if `-std=legacy' is given on the command
--line.  This is considered non-conforming code and is discouraged.
--
--            REAL :: value
--            READ(*,10) value
--     10     FORMAT ('F4')
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: I/O item lists,  Next: BOZ literal constants,  Prev: Missing period in FORMAT specifications,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.7 I/O item lists
----------------------
--
--To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran allows the input item list of the
--`READ' statement, and the output item lists of the `WRITE' and `PRINT'
--statements, to start with a comma.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: BOZ literal constants,  Next: Real array indices,  Prev: I/O item lists,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.8 BOZ literal constants
-----------------------------
--
--Besides decimal constants, Fortran also supports binary (`b'), octal
--(`o') and hexadecimal (`z') integer constants. The syntax is: `prefix
--quote digits quote', were the prefix is either `b', `o' or `z', quote
--is either `'' or `"' and the digits are for binary `0' or `1', for
--octal between `0' and `7', and for hexadecimal between `0' and `F'.
--(Example: `b'01011101''.)
--
--   Up to Fortran 95, BOZ literals were only allowed to initialize
--integer variables in DATA statements. Since Fortran 2003 BOZ literals
--are also allowed as argument of `REAL', `DBLE', `INT' and `CMPLX'; the
--result is the same as if the integer BOZ literal had been converted by
--`TRANSFER' to, respectively, `real', `double precision', `integer' or
--`complex'.  As GNU Fortran extension the intrinsic procedures `FLOAT',
--`DFLOAT', `COMPLEX' and `DCMPLX' are treated alike.
--
--   As an extension, GNU Fortran allows hexadecimal BOZ literal
--constants to be specified using the `X' prefix, in addition to the
--standard `Z' prefix. The BOZ literal can also be specified by adding a
--suffix to the string, for example, `Z'ABC'' and `'ABC'Z' are equivalent.
--
--   Furthermore, GNU Fortran allows using BOZ literal constants outside
--DATA statements and the four intrinsic functions allowed by Fortran
--2003.  In DATA statements, in direct assignments, where the right-hand
--side only contains a BOZ literal constant, and for old-style
--initializers of the form `integer i /o'0173'/', the constant is
--transferred as if `TRANSFER' had been used; for `COMPLEX' numbers, only
--the real part is initialized unless `CMPLX' is used. In all other
--cases, the BOZ literal constant is converted to an `INTEGER' value with
--the largest decimal representation.  This value is then converted
--numerically to the type and kind of the variable in question.  (For
--instance `real :: r = b'0000001' + 1' initializes `r' with `2.0'.) As
--different compilers implement the extension differently, one should be
--careful when doing bitwise initialization of non-integer variables.
--
--   Note that initializing an `INTEGER' variable with a statement such
--as `DATA i/Z'FFFFFFFF'/' will give an integer overflow error rather
--than the desired result of -1 when `i' is a 32-bit integer on a system
--that supports 64-bit integers.  The `-fno-range-check' option can be
--used as a workaround for legacy code that initializes integers in this
--manner.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Real array indices,  Next: Unary operators,  Prev: BOZ literal constants,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.9 Real array indices
--------------------------
--
--As an extension, GNU Fortran allows the use of `REAL' expressions or
--variables as array indices.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Unary operators,  Next: Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values,  Prev: Real array indices,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.10 Unary operators
------------------------
--
--As an extension, GNU Fortran allows unary plus and unary minus operators
--to appear as the second operand of binary arithmetic operators without
--the need for parenthesis.
--
--            X = Y * -Z
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values,  Next: Hollerith constants support,  Prev: Unary operators,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.11 Implicitly convert `LOGICAL' and `INTEGER' values
----------------------------------------------------------
--
--As an extension for backwards compatibility with other compilers, GNU
--Fortran allows the implicit conversion of `LOGICAL' values to `INTEGER'
--values and vice versa.  When converting from a `LOGICAL' to an
--`INTEGER', `.FALSE.' is interpreted as zero, and `.TRUE.' is
--interpreted as one.  When converting from `INTEGER' to `LOGICAL', the
--value zero is interpreted as `.FALSE.' and any nonzero value is
--interpreted as `.TRUE.'.
--
--             LOGICAL :: l
--             l = 1
--
--             INTEGER :: i
--             i = .TRUE.
--
--   However, there is no implicit conversion of `INTEGER' values in
--`if'-statements, nor of `LOGICAL' or `INTEGER' values in I/O operations.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Hollerith constants support,  Next: Cray pointers,  Prev: Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.12 Hollerith constants support
------------------------------------
--
--GNU Fortran supports Hollerith constants in assignments, function
--arguments, and `DATA' and `ASSIGN' statements.  A Hollerith constant is
--written as a string of characters preceded by an integer constant
--indicating the character count, and the letter `H' or `h', and stored
--in bytewise fashion in a numeric (`INTEGER', `REAL', or `complex') or
--`LOGICAL' variable.  The constant will be padded or truncated to fit
--the size of the variable in which it is stored.
--
--   Examples of valid uses of Hollerith constants:
--           complex*16 x(2)
--           data x /16Habcdefghijklmnop, 16Hqrstuvwxyz012345/
--           x(1) = 16HABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP
--           call foo (4h abc)
--
--   Invalid Hollerith constants examples:
--           integer*4 a
--           a = 8H12345678 ! Valid, but the Hollerith constant will be truncated.
--           a = 0H         ! At least one character is needed.
--
--   In general, Hollerith constants were used to provide a rudimentary
--facility for handling character strings in early Fortran compilers,
--prior to the introduction of `CHARACTER' variables in Fortran 77; in
--those cases, the standard-compliant equivalent is to convert the
--program to use proper character strings.  On occasion, there may be a
--case where the intent is specifically to initialize a numeric variable
--with a given byte sequence.  In these cases, the same result can be
--obtained by using the `TRANSFER' statement, as in this example.
--           INTEGER(KIND=4) :: a
--           a = TRANSFER ("abcd", a)     ! equivalent to: a = 4Habcd
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Cray pointers,  Next: CONVERT specifier,  Prev: Hollerith constants support,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.13 Cray pointers
----------------------
--
--Cray pointers are part of a non-standard extension that provides a
--C-like pointer in Fortran.  This is accomplished through a pair of
--variables: an integer "pointer" that holds a memory address, and a
--"pointee" that is used to dereference the pointer.
--
--   Pointer/pointee pairs are declared in statements of the form:
--             pointer ( <pointer> , <pointee> )
--   or,
--             pointer ( <pointer1> , <pointee1> ), ( <pointer2> , <pointee2> ), ...
--   The pointer is an integer that is intended to hold a memory address.
--The pointee may be an array or scalar.  A pointee can be an assumed
--size array--that is, the last dimension may be left unspecified by
--using a `*' in place of a value--but a pointee cannot be an assumed
--shape array.  No space is allocated for the pointee.
--
--   The pointee may have its type declared before or after the pointer
--statement, and its array specification (if any) may be declared before,
--during, or after the pointer statement.  The pointer may be declared as
--an integer prior to the pointer statement.  However, some machines have
--default integer sizes that are different than the size of a pointer,
--and so the following code is not portable:
--             integer ipt
--             pointer (ipt, iarr)
--   If a pointer is declared with a kind that is too small, the compiler
--will issue a warning; the resulting binary will probably not work
--correctly, because the memory addresses stored in the pointers may be
--truncated.  It is safer to omit the first line of the above example; if
--explicit declaration of ipt's type is omitted, then the compiler will
--ensure that ipt is an integer variable large enough to hold a pointer.
--
--   Pointer arithmetic is valid with Cray pointers, but it is not the
--same as C pointer arithmetic.  Cray pointers are just ordinary
--integers, so the user is responsible for determining how many bytes to
--add to a pointer in order to increment it.  Consider the following
--example:
--             real target(10)
--             real pointee(10)
--             pointer (ipt, pointee)
--             ipt = loc (target)
--             ipt = ipt + 1
--   The last statement does not set `ipt' to the address of `target(1)',
--as it would in C pointer arithmetic.  Adding `1' to `ipt' just adds one
--byte to the address stored in `ipt'.
--
--   Any expression involving the pointee will be translated to use the
--value stored in the pointer as the base address.
--
--   To get the address of elements, this extension provides an intrinsic
--function `LOC()'.  The `LOC()' function is equivalent to the `&'
--operator in C, except the address is cast to an integer type:
--             real ar(10)
--             pointer(ipt, arpte(10))
--             real arpte
--             ipt = loc(ar)  ! Makes arpte is an alias for ar
--             arpte(1) = 1.0 ! Sets ar(1) to 1.0
--   The pointer can also be set by a call to the `MALLOC' intrinsic (see
--*note MALLOC::).
--
--   Cray pointees often are used to alias an existing variable.  For
--example:
--             integer target(10)
--             integer iarr(10)
--             pointer (ipt, iarr)
--             ipt = loc(target)
--   As long as `ipt' remains unchanged, `iarr' is now an alias for
--`target'. The optimizer, however, will not detect this aliasing, so it
--is unsafe to use `iarr' and `target' simultaneously.  Using a pointee
--in any way that violates the Fortran aliasing rules or assumptions is
--illegal. It is the user's responsibility to avoid doing this; the
--compiler works under the assumption that no such aliasing occurs.
--
--   Cray pointers will work correctly when there is no aliasing (i.e.,
--when they are used to access a dynamically allocated block of memory),
--and also in any routine where a pointee is used, but any variable with
--which it shares storage is not used.  Code that violates these rules
--may not run as the user intends.  This is not a bug in the optimizer;
--any code that violates the aliasing rules is illegal.  (Note that this
--is not unique to GNU Fortran; any Fortran compiler that supports Cray
--pointers will "incorrectly" optimize code with illegal aliasing.)
--
--   There are a number of restrictions on the attributes that can be
--applied to Cray pointers and pointees.  Pointees may not have the
--`ALLOCATABLE', `INTENT', `OPTIONAL', `DUMMY', `TARGET', `INTRINSIC', or
--`POINTER' attributes. Pointers may not have the `DIMENSION', `POINTER',
--`TARGET', `ALLOCATABLE', `EXTERNAL', or `INTRINSIC' attributes.
--Pointees may not occur in more than one pointer statement.  A pointee
--cannot be a pointer.  Pointees cannot occur in equivalence, common, or
--data statements.
--
--   A Cray pointer may also point to a function or a subroutine.  For
--example, the following excerpt is valid:
--       implicit none
--       external sub
--       pointer (subptr,subpte)
--       external subpte
--       subptr = loc(sub)
--       call subpte()
--       [...]
--       subroutine sub
--       [...]
--       end subroutine sub
--
--   A pointer may be modified during the course of a program, and this
--will change the location to which the pointee refers.  However, when
--pointees are passed as arguments, they are treated as ordinary
--variables in the invoked function.  Subsequent changes to the pointer
--will not change the base address of the array that was passed.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: CONVERT specifier,  Next: OpenMP,  Prev: Cray pointers,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.14 `CONVERT' specifier
----------------------------
--
--GNU Fortran allows the conversion of unformatted data between little-
--and big-endian representation to facilitate moving of data between
--different systems.  The conversion can be indicated with the `CONVERT'
--specifier on the `OPEN' statement.  *Note GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT::, for
--an alternative way of specifying the data format via an environment
--variable.
--
--   Valid values for `CONVERT' are:
--     `CONVERT='NATIVE'' Use the native format.  This is the default.
--
--     `CONVERT='SWAP'' Swap between little- and big-endian.
--
--     `CONVERT='LITTLE_ENDIAN'' Use the little-endian representation for
--     unformatted files.
--
--     `CONVERT='BIG_ENDIAN'' Use the big-endian representation for
--     unformatted files.
--
--   Using the option could look like this:
--       open(file='big.dat',form='unformatted',access='sequential', &
--            convert='big_endian')
--
--   The value of the conversion can be queried by using
--`INQUIRE(CONVERT=ch)'.  The values returned are `'BIG_ENDIAN'' and
--`'LITTLE_ENDIAN''.
--
--   `CONVERT' works between big- and little-endian for `INTEGER' values
--of all supported kinds and for `REAL' on IEEE systems of kinds 4 and 8.
--Conversion between different "extended double" types on different
--architectures such as m68k and x86_64, which GNU Fortran supports as
--`REAL(KIND=10)' and `REAL(KIND=16)', will probably not work.
--
--   _Note that the values specified via the GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT
--environment variable will override the CONVERT specifier in the open
--statement_.  This is to give control over data formats to users who do
--not have the source code of their program available.
--
--   Using anything but the native representation for unformatted data
--carries a significant speed overhead.  If speed in this area matters to
--you, it is best if you use this only for data that needs to be portable.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: OpenMP,  Next: Argument list functions,  Prev: CONVERT specifier,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.15 OpenMP
---------------
--
--OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing) is an application programming interface
--(API) that supports multi-platform shared memory multiprocessing
--programming in C/C++ and Fortran on many architectures, including Unix
--and Microsoft Windows platforms.  It consists of a set of compiler
--directives, library routines, and environment variables that influence
--run-time behavior.
--
--   GNU Fortran strives to be compatible to the OpenMP Application
--Program Interface v2.5
--(http://www.openmp.org/drupal/mp-documents/spec25.pdf).
--
--   To enable the processing of the OpenMP directive `!$omp' in
--free-form source code; the `c$omp', `*$omp' and `!$omp' directives in
--fixed form; the `!$' conditional compilation sentinels in free form;
--and the `c$', `*$' and `!$' sentinels in fixed form, `gfortran' needs
--to be invoked with the `-fopenmp'. This also arranges for automatic
--linking of the GNU OpenMP runtime library *note libgomp: (libgomp)Top.
--
--   The OpenMP Fortran runtime library routines are provided both in a
--form of a Fortran 90 module named `omp_lib' and in a form of a Fortran
--`include' file named `omp_lib.h'.
--
--   An example of a parallelized loop taken from Appendix A.1 of the
--OpenMP Application Program Interface v2.5:
--     SUBROUTINE A1(N, A, B)
--       INTEGER I, N
--       REAL B(N), A(N)
--     !$OMP PARALLEL DO !I is private by default
--       DO I=2,N
--         B(I) = (A(I) + A(I-1)) / 2.0
--       ENDDO
--     !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
--     END SUBROUTINE A1
--
--   Please note:
--   * `-fopenmp' implies `-frecursive', i.e., all local arrays will be
--     allocated on the stack. When porting existing code to OpenMP, this
--     may lead to surprising results, especially to segmentation faults
--     if the stacksize is limited.
--
--   * On glibc-based systems, OpenMP enabled applications can not be
--     statically linked due to limitations of the underlying
--     pthreads-implementation. It might be possible to get a working
--     solution if `-Wl,--whole-archive -lpthread -Wl,--no-whole-archive'
--     is added to the command line. However, this is not supported by
--     `gcc' and thus not recommended.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Argument list functions,  Prev: OpenMP,  Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.1.16 Argument list functions `%VAL', `%REF' and `%LOC'
----------------------------------------------------------
--
--GNU Fortran supports argument list functions `%VAL', `%REF' and `%LOC'
--statements, for backward compatibility with g77.  It is recommended
--that these should be used only for code that is accessing facilities
--outside of GNU Fortran, such as operating system or windowing
--facilities. It is best to constrain such uses to isolated portions of a
--program-portions that deal specifically and exclusively with low-level,
--system-dependent facilities. Such portions might well provide a
--portable interface for use by the program as a whole, but are
--themselves not portable, and should be thoroughly tested each time they
--are rebuilt using a new compiler or version of a compiler.
--
--   `%VAL' passes a scalar argument by value, `%REF' passes it by
--reference and `%LOC' passes its memory location.  Since gfortran
--already passes scalar arguments by reference, `%REF' is in effect a
--do-nothing.  `%LOC' has the same effect as a fortran pointer.
--
--   An example of passing an argument by value to a C subroutine foo.:
--     C
--     C prototype      void foo_ (float x);
--     C
--           external foo
--           real*4 x
--           x = 3.14159
--           call foo (%VAL (x))
--           end
--
--   For details refer to the g77 manual
--`http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.4.6/g77/index.html#Top'.
--
--   Also, the gfortran testsuite c_by_val.f and its partner c_by_val.c
--are worth a look.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran,  Prev: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran,  Up: Extensions
--
--6.2 Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran
--=============================================
--
--The long history of the Fortran language, its wide use and broad
--userbase, the large number of different compiler vendors and the lack of
--some features crucial to users in the first standards have lead to the
--existence of a number of important extensions to the language.  While
--some of the most useful or popular extensions are supported by the GNU
--Fortran compiler, not all existing extensions are supported.  This
--section aims at listing these extensions and offering advice on how
--best make code that uses them running with the GNU Fortran compiler.
--
--* Menu:
--
--* STRUCTURE and RECORD::
--* ENCODE and DECODE statements::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: STRUCTURE and RECORD,  Next: ENCODE and DECODE statements,  Up: Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.2.1 `STRUCTURE' and `RECORD'
--------------------------------
--
--Structures are user-defined aggregate data types; this functionality was
--standardized in Fortran 90 with an different syntax, under the name of
--"derived types". Here is an example of code using the non portable
--structure syntax:
--
--     ! Declaring a structure named ``item'' and containing three fields:
--     ! an integer ID, an description string and a floating-point price.
--     STRUCTURE /item/
--       INTEGER id
--       CHARACTER(LEN=200) description
--       REAL price
--     END STRUCTURE
--
--     ! Define two variables, an single record of type ``item''
--     ! named ``pear'', and an array of items named ``store_catalog''
--     RECORD /item/ pear, store_catalog(100)
--
--     ! We can directly access the fields of both variables
--     pear.id = 92316
--     pear.description = "juicy D'Anjou pear"
--     pear.price = 0.15
--     store_catalog(7).id = 7831
--     store_catalog(7).description = "milk bottle"
--     store_catalog(7).price = 1.2
--
--     ! We can also manipulate the whole structure
--     store_catalog(12) = pear
--     print *, store_catalog(12)
--
--This code can easily be rewritten in the Fortran 90 syntax as following:
--
--     ! ``STRUCTURE /name/ ... END STRUCTURE'' becomes
--     ! ``TYPE name ... END TYPE''
--     TYPE item
--       INTEGER id
--       CHARACTER(LEN=200) description
--       REAL price
--     END TYPE
--
--     ! ``RECORD /name/ variable'' becomes ``TYPE(name) variable''
--     TYPE(item) pear, store_catalog(100)
--
--     ! Instead of using a dot (.) to access fields of a record, the
--     ! standard syntax uses a percent sign (%)
--     pear%id = 92316
--     pear%description = "juicy D'Anjou pear"
--     pear%price = 0.15
--     store_catalog(7)%id = 7831
--     store_catalog(7)%description = "milk bottle"
--     store_catalog(7)%price = 1.2
--
--     ! Assignments of a whole variable don't change
--     store_catalog(12) = pear
--     print *, store_catalog(12)
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ENCODE and DECODE statements,  Prev: STRUCTURE and RECORD,  Up: Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran
--
--6.2.2 `ENCODE' and `DECODE' statements
----------------------------------------
--
--GNU Fortran doesn't support the `ENCODE' and `DECODE' statements.
--These statements are best replaced by `READ' and `WRITE' statements
--involving internal files (`CHARACTER' variables and arrays), which have
--been part of the Fortran standard since Fortran 77. For example,
--replace a code fragment like
--
--           INTEGER*1 LINE(80)
--           REAL A, B, C
--     c     ... Code that sets LINE
--           DECODE (80, 9000, LINE) A, B, C
--      9000 FORMAT (1X, 3(F10.5))
--
--with the following:
--
--           CHARACTER(LEN=80) LINE
--           REAL A, B, C
--     c     ... Code that sets LINE
--           READ (UNIT=LINE, FMT=9000) A, B, C
--      9000 FORMAT (1X, 3(F10.5))
--
--   Similarly, replace a code fragment like
--
--           INTEGER*1 LINE(80)
--           REAL A, B, C
--     c     ... Code that sets A, B and C
--           ENCODE (80, 9000, LINE) A, B, C
--      9000 FORMAT (1X, 'OUTPUT IS ', 3(F10.5))
--
--with the following:
--
--           INTEGER*1 LINE(80)
--           REAL A, B, C
--     c     ... Code that sets A, B and C
--           WRITE (UNIT=LINE, FMT=9000) A, B, C
--      9000 FORMAT (1X, 'OUTPUT IS ', 3(F10.5))
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Intrinsic Procedures,  Next: Intrinsic Modules,  Prev: Extensions,  Up: Top
--
--7 Intrinsic Procedures
--**********************
--
--* Menu:
--
--* Introduction:         Introduction to Intrinsics
--* `ABORT':         ABORT,     Abort the program
--* `ABS':           ABS,       Absolute value
--* `ACCESS':        ACCESS,    Checks file access modes
--* `ACHAR':         ACHAR,     Character in ASCII collating sequence
--* `ACOS':          ACOS,      Arccosine function
--* `ACOSH':         ACOSH,     Hyperbolic arccosine function
--* `ADJUSTL':       ADJUSTL,   Left adjust a string
--* `ADJUSTR':       ADJUSTR,   Right adjust a string
--* `AIMAG':         AIMAG,     Imaginary part of complex number
--* `AINT':          AINT,      Truncate to a whole number
--* `ALARM':         ALARM,     Set an alarm clock
--* `ALL':           ALL,       Determine if all values are true
--* `ALLOCATED':     ALLOCATED, Status of allocatable entity
--* `AND':           AND,       Bitwise logical AND
--* `ANINT':         ANINT,     Nearest whole number
--* `ANY':           ANY,       Determine if any values are true
--* `ASIN':          ASIN,      Arcsine function
--* `ASINH':         ASINH,     Hyperbolic arcsine function
--* `ASSOCIATED':    ASSOCIATED, Status of a pointer or pointer/target pair
--* `ATAN':          ATAN,      Arctangent function
--* `ATAN2':         ATAN2,     Arctangent function
--* `ATANH':         ATANH,     Hyperbolic arctangent function
--* `BESSEL_J0':     BESSEL_J0, Bessel function of the first kind of order 0
--* `BESSEL_J1':     BESSEL_J1, Bessel function of the first kind of order 1
--* `BESSEL_JN':     BESSEL_JN, Bessel function of the first kind
--* `BESSEL_Y0':     BESSEL_Y0, Bessel function of the second kind of order 0
--* `BESSEL_Y1':     BESSEL_Y1, Bessel function of the second kind of order 1
--* `BESSEL_YN':     BESSEL_YN, Bessel function of the second kind
--* `BIT_SIZE':      BIT_SIZE,  Bit size inquiry function
--* `BTEST':         BTEST,     Bit test function
--* `C_ASSOCIATED':  C_ASSOCIATED, Status of a C pointer
--* `C_F_POINTER':   C_F_POINTER, Convert C into Fortran pointer
--* `C_F_PROCPOINTER': C_F_PROCPOINTER, Convert C into Fortran procedure pointer
--* `C_FUNLOC':      C_FUNLOC,  Obtain the C address of a procedure
--* `C_LOC':         C_LOC,     Obtain the C address of an object
--* `C_SIZEOF':      C_SIZEOF,  Size in bytes of an expression
--* `CEILING':       CEILING,   Integer ceiling function
--* `CHAR':          CHAR,      Integer-to-character conversion function
--* `CHDIR':         CHDIR,     Change working directory
--* `CHMOD':         CHMOD,     Change access permissions of files
--* `CMPLX':         CMPLX,     Complex conversion function
--* `COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT': COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT, Get number of command line arguments
--* `COMPLEX':       COMPLEX,   Complex conversion function
--* `CONJG':         CONJG,     Complex conjugate function
--* `COS':           COS,       Cosine function
--* `COSH':          COSH,      Hyperbolic cosine function
--* `COUNT':         COUNT,     Count occurrences of TRUE in an array
--* `CPU_TIME':      CPU_TIME,  CPU time subroutine
--* `CSHIFT':        CSHIFT,    Circular shift elements of an array
--* `CTIME':         CTIME,     Subroutine (or function) to convert a time into a string
--* `DATE_AND_TIME': DATE_AND_TIME, Date and time subroutine
--* `DBLE':          DBLE,      Double precision conversion function
--* `DCMPLX':        DCMPLX,    Double complex conversion function
--* `DFLOAT':        DFLOAT,    Double precision conversion function
--* `DIGITS':        DIGITS,    Significant digits function
--* `DIM':           DIM,       Positive difference
--* `DOT_PRODUCT':   DOT_PRODUCT, Dot product function
--* `DPROD':         DPROD,     Double product function
--* `DREAL':         DREAL,     Double real part function
--* `DTIME':         DTIME,     Execution time subroutine (or function)
--* `EOSHIFT':       EOSHIFT,   End-off shift elements of an array
--* `EPSILON':       EPSILON,   Epsilon function
--* `ERF':           ERF,       Error function
--* `ERFC':          ERFC,      Complementary error function
--* `ERFC_SCALED':   ERFC_SCALED, Exponentially-scaled complementary error function
--* `ETIME':         ETIME,     Execution time subroutine (or function)
--* `EXIT':          EXIT,      Exit the program with status.
--* `EXP':           EXP,       Exponential function
--* `EXPONENT':      EXPONENT,  Exponent function
--* `FDATE':         FDATE,     Subroutine (or function) to get the current time as a string
--* `FGET':          FGET,      Read a single character in stream mode from stdin
--* `FGETC':         FGETC,     Read a single character in stream mode
--* `FLOAT':         FLOAT,     Convert integer to default real
--* `FLOOR':         FLOOR,     Integer floor function
--* `FLUSH':         FLUSH,     Flush I/O unit(s)
--* `FNUM':          FNUM,      File number function
--* `FPUT':          FPUT,      Write a single character in stream mode to stdout
--* `FPUTC':         FPUTC,     Write a single character in stream mode
--* `FRACTION':      FRACTION,  Fractional part of the model representation
--* `FREE':          FREE,      Memory de-allocation subroutine
--* `FSEEK':         FSEEK,     Low level file positioning subroutine
--* `FSTAT':         FSTAT,     Get file status
--* `FTELL':         FTELL,     Current stream position
--* `GAMMA':         GAMMA,     Gamma function
--* `GERROR':        GERROR,    Get last system error message
--* `GETARG':        GETARG,    Get command line arguments
--* `GET_COMMAND':   GET_COMMAND, Get the entire command line
--* `GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT': GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT, Get command line arguments
--* `GETCWD':        GETCWD,    Get current working directory
--* `GETENV':        GETENV,    Get an environmental variable
--* `GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE': GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE, Get an environmental variable
--* `GETGID':        GETGID,    Group ID function
--* `GETLOG':        GETLOG,    Get login name
--* `GETPID':        GETPID,    Process ID function
--* `GETUID':        GETUID,    User ID function
--* `GMTIME':        GMTIME,    Convert time to GMT info
--* `HOSTNM':        HOSTNM,    Get system host name
--* `HUGE':          HUGE,      Largest number of a kind
--* `HYPOT':         HYPOT,     Euclidian distance function
--* `IACHAR':        IACHAR,    Code in ASCII collating sequence
--* `IAND':          IAND,      Bitwise logical and
--* `IARGC':         IARGC,     Get the number of command line arguments
--* `IBCLR':         IBCLR,     Clear bit
--* `IBITS':         IBITS,     Bit extraction
--* `IBSET':         IBSET,     Set bit
--* `ICHAR':         ICHAR,     Character-to-integer conversion function
--* `IDATE':         IDATE,     Current local time (day/month/year)
--* `IEOR':          IEOR,      Bitwise logical exclusive or
--* `IERRNO':        IERRNO,    Function to get the last system error number
--* `INDEX':         INDEX intrinsic, Position of a substring within a string
--* `INT':           INT,       Convert to integer type
--* `INT2':          INT2,      Convert to 16-bit integer type
--* `INT8':          INT8,      Convert to 64-bit integer type
--* `IOR':           IOR,       Bitwise logical or
--* `IRAND':         IRAND,     Integer pseudo-random number
--* `IS_IOSTAT_END':  IS_IOSTAT_END, Test for end-of-file value
--* `IS_IOSTAT_EOR':  IS_IOSTAT_EOR, Test for end-of-record value
--* `ISATTY':        ISATTY,    Whether a unit is a terminal device
--* `ISHFT':         ISHFT,     Shift bits
--* `ISHFTC':        ISHFTC,    Shift bits circularly
--* `ISNAN':         ISNAN,     Tests for a NaN
--* `ITIME':         ITIME,     Current local time (hour/minutes/seconds)
--* `KILL':          KILL,      Send a signal to a process
--* `KIND':          KIND,      Kind of an entity
--* `LBOUND':        LBOUND,    Lower dimension bounds of an array
--* `LEADZ':         LEADZ,     Number of leading zero bits of an integer
--* `LEN':           LEN,       Length of a character entity
--* `LEN_TRIM':      LEN_TRIM,  Length of a character entity without trailing blank characters
--* `LOG_GAMMA':     LOG_GAMMA, Logarithm of the Gamma function
--* `LGE':           LGE,       Lexical greater than or equal
--* `LGT':           LGT,       Lexical greater than
--* `LINK':          LINK,      Create a hard link
--* `LLE':           LLE,       Lexical less than or equal
--* `LLT':           LLT,       Lexical less than
--* `LNBLNK':        LNBLNK,    Index of the last non-blank character in a string
--* `LOC':           LOC,       Returns the address of a variable
--* `LOG':           LOG,       Logarithm function
--* `LOG10':         LOG10,     Base 10 logarithm function
--* `LOGICAL':       LOGICAL,   Convert to logical type
--* `LONG':          LONG,      Convert to integer type
--* `LSHIFT':        LSHIFT,    Left shift bits
--* `LSTAT':         LSTAT,     Get file status
--* `LTIME':         LTIME,     Convert time to local time info
--* `MALLOC':        MALLOC,    Dynamic memory allocation function
--* `MATMUL':        MATMUL,    matrix multiplication
--* `MAX':           MAX,       Maximum value of an argument list
--* `MAXEXPONENT':   MAXEXPONENT, Maximum exponent of a real kind
--* `MAXLOC':        MAXLOC,    Location of the maximum value within an array
--* `MAXVAL':        MAXVAL,    Maximum value of an array
--* `MCLOCK':        MCLOCK,    Time function
--* `MCLOCK8':       MCLOCK8,   Time function (64-bit)
--* `MERGE':         MERGE,     Merge arrays
--* `MIN':           MIN,       Minimum value of an argument list
--* `MINEXPONENT':   MINEXPONENT, Minimum exponent of a real kind
--* `MINLOC':        MINLOC,    Location of the minimum value within an array
--* `MINVAL':        MINVAL,    Minimum value of an array
--* `MOD':           MOD,       Remainder function
--* `MODULO':        MODULO,    Modulo function
--* `MOVE_ALLOC':    MOVE_ALLOC, Move allocation from one object to another
--* `MVBITS':        MVBITS,    Move bits from one integer to another
--* `NEAREST':       NEAREST,   Nearest representable number
--* `NEW_LINE':      NEW_LINE,  New line character
--* `NINT':          NINT,      Nearest whole number
--* `NOT':           NOT,       Logical negation
--* `NULL':          NULL,      Function that returns an disassociated pointer
--* `OR':            OR,        Bitwise logical OR
--* `PACK':          PACK,      Pack an array into an array of rank one
--* `PERROR':        PERROR,    Print system error message
--* `PRECISION':     PRECISION, Decimal precision of a real kind
--* `PRESENT':       PRESENT,   Determine whether an optional dummy argument is specified
--* `PRODUCT':       PRODUCT,   Product of array elements
--* `RADIX':         RADIX,     Base of a data model
--* `RANDOM_NUMBER': RANDOM_NUMBER, Pseudo-random number
--* `RANDOM_SEED':   RANDOM_SEED, Initialize a pseudo-random number sequence
--* `RAND':          RAND,      Real pseudo-random number
--* `RANGE':         RANGE,     Decimal exponent range
--* `RAN':           RAN,       Real pseudo-random number
--* `REAL':          REAL,      Convert to real type
--* `RENAME':        RENAME,    Rename a file
--* `REPEAT':        REPEAT,    Repeated string concatenation
--* `RESHAPE':       RESHAPE,   Function to reshape an array
--* `RRSPACING':     RRSPACING, Reciprocal of the relative spacing
--* `RSHIFT':        RSHIFT,    Right shift bits
--* `SCALE':         SCALE,     Scale a real value
--* `SCAN':          SCAN,      Scan a string for the presence of a set of characters
--* `SECNDS':        SECNDS,    Time function
--* `SECOND':        SECOND,    CPU time function
--* `SELECTED_CHAR_KIND': SELECTED_CHAR_KIND,  Choose character kind
--* `SELECTED_INT_KIND': SELECTED_INT_KIND,  Choose integer kind
--* `SELECTED_REAL_KIND': SELECTED_REAL_KIND,  Choose real kind
--* `SET_EXPONENT':  SET_EXPONENT, Set the exponent of the model
--* `SHAPE':         SHAPE,     Determine the shape of an array
--* `SIGN':          SIGN,      Sign copying function
--* `SIGNAL':        SIGNAL,    Signal handling subroutine (or function)
--* `SIN':           SIN,       Sine function
--* `SINH':          SINH,      Hyperbolic sine function
--* `SIZE':          SIZE,      Function to determine the size of an array
--* `SIZEOF':        SIZEOF,    Determine the size in bytes of an expression
--* `SLEEP':         SLEEP,     Sleep for the specified number of seconds
--* `SNGL':          SNGL,      Convert double precision real to default real
--* `SPACING':       SPACING,   Smallest distance between two numbers of a given type
--* `SPREAD':        SPREAD,    Add a dimension to an array
--* `SQRT':          SQRT,      Square-root function
--* `SRAND':         SRAND,     Reinitialize the random number generator
--* `STAT':          STAT,      Get file status
--* `SUM':           SUM,       Sum of array elements
--* `SYMLNK':        SYMLNK,    Create a symbolic link
--* `SYSTEM':        SYSTEM,    Execute a shell command
--* `SYSTEM_CLOCK':  SYSTEM_CLOCK, Time function
--* `TAN':           TAN,       Tangent function
--* `TANH':          TANH,      Hyperbolic tangent function
--* `TIME':          TIME,      Time function
--* `TIME8':         TIME8,     Time function (64-bit)
--* `TINY':          TINY,      Smallest positive number of a real kind
--* `TRAILZ':        TRAILZ,    Number of trailing zero bits of an integer
--* `TRANSFER':      TRANSFER,  Transfer bit patterns
--* `TRANSPOSE':     TRANSPOSE, Transpose an array of rank two
--* `TRIM':          TRIM,      Remove trailing blank characters of a string
--* `TTYNAM':        TTYNAM,    Get the name of a terminal device.
--* `UBOUND':        UBOUND,    Upper dimension bounds of an array
--* `UMASK':         UMASK,     Set the file creation mask
--* `UNLINK':        UNLINK,    Remove a file from the file system
--* `UNPACK':        UNPACK,    Unpack an array of rank one into an array
--* `VERIFY':        VERIFY,    Scan a string for the absence of a set of characters
--* `XOR':           XOR,       Bitwise logical exclusive or
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Introduction to Intrinsics,  Next: ABORT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.1 Introduction to intrinsic procedures
--========================================
--
--The intrinsic procedures provided by GNU Fortran include all of the
--intrinsic procedures required by the Fortran 95 standard, a set of
--intrinsic procedures for backwards compatibility with G77, and a
--selection of intrinsic procedures from the Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008
--standards.  Any conflict between a description here and a description in
--either the Fortran 95 standard, the Fortran 2003 standard or the Fortran
--2008 standard is unintentional, and the standard(s) should be considered
--authoritative.
--
--   The enumeration of the `KIND' type parameter is processor defined in
--the Fortran 95 standard.  GNU Fortran defines the default integer type
--and default real type by `INTEGER(KIND=4)' and `REAL(KIND=4)',
--respectively.  The standard mandates that both data types shall have
--another kind, which have more precision.  On typical target
--architectures supported by `gfortran', this kind type parameter is
--`KIND=8'.  Hence, `REAL(KIND=8)' and `DOUBLE PRECISION' are equivalent.
--In the description of generic intrinsic procedures, the kind type
--parameter will be specified by `KIND=*', and in the description of
--specific names for an intrinsic procedure the kind type parameter will
--be explicitly given (e.g., `REAL(KIND=4)' or `REAL(KIND=8)').  Finally,
--for brevity the optional `KIND=' syntax will be omitted.
--
--   Many of the intrinsic procedures take one or more optional arguments.
--This document follows the convention used in the Fortran 95 standard,
--and denotes such arguments by square brackets.
--
--   GNU Fortran offers the `-std=f95' and `-std=gnu' options, which can
--be used to restrict the set of intrinsic procedures to a given
--standard.  By default, `gfortran' sets the `-std=gnu' option, and so
--all intrinsic procedures described here are accepted.  There is one
--caveat.  For a select group of intrinsic procedures, `g77' implemented
--both a function and a subroutine.  Both classes have been implemented
--in `gfortran' for backwards compatibility with `g77'.  It is noted here
--that these functions and subroutines cannot be intermixed in a given
--subprogram.  In the descriptions that follow, the applicable standard
--for each intrinsic procedure is noted.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ABORT,  Next: ABS,  Prev: Introduction to Intrinsics,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.2 `ABORT' -- Abort the program
--================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ABORT' causes immediate termination of the program.  On operating
--     systems that support a core dump, `ABORT' will produce a core dump
--     even if the option `-fno-dump-core' is in effect, which is
--     suitable for debugging purposes.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL ABORT'
--
--_Return value_:
--     Does not return.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_abort
--            integer :: i = 1, j = 2
--            if (i /= j) call abort
--          end program test_abort
--
--_See also_:
--     *note EXIT::, *note KILL::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ABS,  Next: ACCESS,  Prev: ABORT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.3 `ABS' -- Absolute value
--===========================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ABS(A)' computes the absolute value of `A'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ABS(A)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          The type of the argument shall be an `INTEGER',
--                `REAL', or `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of the same type and kind as the argument
--     except the return value is `REAL' for a `COMPLEX' argument.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_abs
--            integer :: i = -1
--            real :: x = -1.e0
--            complex :: z = (-1.e0,0.e0)
--            i = abs(i)
--            x = abs(x)
--            x = abs(z)
--          end program test_abs
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `CABS(A)'     `COMPLEX(4)   `REAL(4)'     Fortran 77 and
--                   Z'                          later
--     `DABS(A)'     `REAL(8)      `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                   X'                          later
--     `IABS(A)'     `INTEGER(4)   `INTEGER(4)'  Fortran 77 and
--                   I'                          later
--     `ZABS(A)'     `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  GNU extension
--                   Z'                          
--     `CDABS(A)'    `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  GNU extension
--                   Z'                          
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ACCESS,  Next: ACHAR,  Prev: ABS,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.4 `ACCESS' -- Checks file access modes
--========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ACCESS(NAME, MODE)' checks whether the file NAME exists, is
--     readable, writable or executable. Except for the executable check,
--     `ACCESS' can be replaced by Fortran 95's `INQUIRE'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ACCESS(NAME, MODE)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     NAME       Scalar `CHARACTER' of default kind with the
--                file name. Tailing blank are ignored unless
--                the character `achar(0)' is present, then all
--                characters up to and excluding `achar(0)' are
--                used as file name.
--     MODE       Scalar `CHARACTER' of default kind with the
--                file access mode, may be any concatenation of
--                `"r"' (readable), `"w"' (writable) and `"x"'
--                (executable), or `" "' to check for existence.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns a scalar `INTEGER', which is `0' if the file is accessible
--     in the given mode; otherwise or if an invalid argument has been
--     given for `MODE' the value `1' is returned.
--
--_Example_:
--          program access_test
--            implicit none
--            character(len=*), parameter :: file  = 'test.dat'
--            character(len=*), parameter :: file2 = 'test.dat  '//achar(0)
--            if(access(file,' ') == 0) print *, trim(file),' is exists'
--            if(access(file,'r') == 0) print *, trim(file),' is readable'
--            if(access(file,'w') == 0) print *, trim(file),' is writable'
--            if(access(file,'x') == 0) print *, trim(file),' is executable'
--            if(access(file2,'rwx') == 0) &
--              print *, trim(file2),' is readable, writable and executable'
--          end program access_test
--
--_Specific names_:
--
--_See also_:
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ACHAR,  Next: ACOS,  Prev: ACCESS,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.5 `ACHAR' -- Character in ASCII collating sequence
--====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ACHAR(I)' returns the character located at position `I' in the
--     ASCII collating sequence.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ACHAR(I [, KIND])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `CHARACTER' with a length of one.  If
--     the KIND argument is present, the return value is of the specified
--     kind and of the default kind otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_achar
--            character c
--            c = achar(32)
--          end program test_achar
--
--_Note_:
--     See *note ICHAR:: for a discussion of converting between numerical
--     values and formatted string representations.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CHAR::, *note IACHAR::, *note ICHAR::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ACOS,  Next: ACOSH,  Prev: ACHAR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.6 `ACOS' -- Arccosine function
--================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ACOS(X)' computes the arccosine of X (inverse of `COS(X)').
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ACOS(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL' with a magnitude that
--                is less than or equal to one.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' and it lies in the range  0
--     \leq \acos(x) \leq \pi. The return value if of the same kind as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_acos
--            real(8) :: x = 0.866_8
--            x = acos(x)
--          end program test_acos
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DACOS(X)'    `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--
--_See also_:
--     Inverse function: *note COS::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ACOSH,  Next: ADJUSTL,  Prev: ACOS,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.7 `ACOSH' -- Hyperbolic arccosine function
--============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ACOSH(X)' computes the hyperbolic arccosine of X (inverse of
--     `COSH(X)').
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ACOSH(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value has the same type and kind as X
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_acosh
--            REAL(8), DIMENSION(3) :: x = (/ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 /)
--            WRITE (*,*) ACOSH(x)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DACOSH(X)'   `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     GNU extension
--
--_See also_:
--     Inverse function: *note COSH::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ADJUSTL,  Next: ADJUSTR,  Prev: ACOSH,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.8 `ADJUSTL' -- Left adjust a string
--=====================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ADJUSTL(STRING)' will left adjust a string by removing leading
--     spaces.  Spaces are inserted at the end of the string as needed.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 90 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ADJUSTL(STRING)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING     The type shall be `CHARACTER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `CHARACTER' and of the same kind as
--     STRING where leading spaces are removed and the same number of
--     spaces are inserted on the end of STRING.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_adjustl
--            character(len=20) :: str = '   gfortran'
--            str = adjustl(str)
--            print *, str
--          end program test_adjustl
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ADJUSTR::, *note TRIM::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ADJUSTR,  Next: AIMAG,  Prev: ADJUSTL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.9 `ADJUSTR' -- Right adjust a string
--======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ADJUSTR(STRING)' will right adjust a string by removing trailing
--     spaces.  Spaces are inserted at the start of the string as needed.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ADJUSTR(STRING)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STR        The type shall be `CHARACTER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `CHARACTER' and of the same kind as
--     STRING where trailing spaces are removed and the same number of
--     spaces are inserted at the start of STRING.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_adjustr
--            character(len=20) :: str = 'gfortran'
--            str = adjustr(str)
--            print *, str
--          end program test_adjustr
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ADJUSTL::, *note TRIM::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: AIMAG,  Next: AINT,  Prev: ADJUSTR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.10 `AIMAG' -- Imaginary part of complex number
--================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `AIMAG(Z)' yields the imaginary part of complex argument `Z'.  The
--     `IMAG(Z)' and `IMAGPART(Z)' intrinsic functions are provided for
--     compatibility with `g77', and their use in new code is strongly
--     discouraged.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = AIMAG(Z)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     Z          The type of the argument shall be `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' with the kind type parameter of
--     the argument.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_aimag
--            complex(4) z4
--            complex(8) z8
--            z4 = cmplx(1.e0_4, 0.e0_4)
--            z8 = cmplx(0.e0_8, 1.e0_8)
--            print *, aimag(z4), dimag(z8)
--          end program test_aimag
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DIMAG(Z)'    `COMPLEX(8)   `REAL(8)'     GNU extension
--                   Z'                          
--     `IMAG(Z)'     `COMPLEX Z'   `REAL'        GNU extension
--     `IMAGPART(Z)' `COMPLEX Z'   `REAL'        GNU extension
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: AINT,  Next: ALARM,  Prev: AIMAG,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.11 `AINT' -- Truncate to a whole number
--=========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `AINT(A [, KIND])' truncates its argument to a whole number.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = AINT(A [, KIND])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          The type of the argument shall be `REAL'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' with the kind type parameter of
--     the argument if the optional KIND is absent; otherwise, the kind
--     type parameter will be given by KIND.  If the magnitude of X is
--     less than one, `AINT(X)' returns zero.  If the magnitude is equal
--     to or greater than one then it returns the largest whole number
--     that does not exceed its magnitude.  The sign is the same as the
--     sign of X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_aint
--            real(4) x4
--            real(8) x8
--            x4 = 1.234E0_4
--            x8 = 4.321_8
--            print *, aint(x4), dint(x8)
--            x8 = aint(x4,8)
--          end program test_aint
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DINT(X)'     `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ALARM,  Next: ALL,  Prev: AINT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.12 `ALARM' -- Execute a routine after a given delay
--=====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ALARM(SECONDS, HANDLER [, STATUS])' causes external subroutine
--     HANDLER to be executed after a delay of SECONDS by using
--     `alarm(2)' to set up a signal and `signal(2)' to catch it. If
--     STATUS is supplied, it will be returned with the number of seconds
--     remaining until any previously scheduled alarm was due to be
--     delivered, or zero if there was no previously scheduled alarm.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL ALARM(SECONDS, HANDLER [, STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     SECONDS    The type of the argument shall be a scalar
--                `INTEGER'. It is `INTENT(IN)'.
--     HANDLER    Signal handler (`INTEGER FUNCTION' or
--                `SUBROUTINE') or dummy/global `INTEGER'
--                scalar. The scalar values may be either
--                `SIG_IGN=1' to ignore the alarm generated or
--                `SIG_DFL=0' to set the default action. It is
--                `INTENT(IN)'.
--     STATUS     (Optional) STATUS shall be a scalar variable
--                of the default `INTEGER' kind. It is
--                `INTENT(OUT)'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_alarm
--            external handler_print
--            integer i
--            call alarm (3, handler_print, i)
--            print *, i
--            call sleep(10)
--          end program test_alarm
--     This will cause the external routine HANDLER_PRINT to be called
--     after 3 seconds.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ALL,  Next: ALLOCATED,  Prev: ALARM,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.13 `ALL' -- All values in MASK along DIM are true
--===================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ALL(MASK [, DIM])' determines if all the values are true in MASK
--     in the array along dimension DIM.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ALL(MASK [, DIM])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     MASK       The type of the argument shall be `LOGICAL' and
--                it shall not be scalar.
--     DIM        (Optional) DIM shall be a scalar integer with
--                a value that lies between one and the rank of
--                MASK.
--
--_Return value_:
--     `ALL(MASK)' returns a scalar value of type `LOGICAL' where the
--     kind type parameter is the same as the kind type parameter of
--     MASK.  If DIM is present, then `ALL(MASK, DIM)' returns an array
--     with the rank of MASK minus 1.  The shape is determined from the
--     shape of MASK where the DIM dimension is elided.
--
--    (A)
--          `ALL(MASK)' is true if all elements of MASK are true.  It
--          also is true if MASK has zero size; otherwise, it is false.
--
--    (B)
--          If the rank of MASK is one, then `ALL(MASK,DIM)' is equivalent
--          to `ALL(MASK)'.  If the rank is greater than one, then
--          `ALL(MASK,DIM)' is determined by applying `ALL' to the array
--          sections.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_all
--            logical l
--            l = all((/.true., .true., .true./))
--            print *, l
--            call section
--            contains
--              subroutine section
--                integer a(2,3), b(2,3)
--                a = 1
--                b = 1
--                b(2,2) = 2
--                print *, all(a .eq. b, 1)
--                print *, all(a .eq. b, 2)
--              end subroutine section
--          end program test_all
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ALLOCATED,  Next: AND,  Prev: ALL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.14 `ALLOCATED' -- Status of an allocatable entity
--===================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ALLOCATED(ARRAY)' checks the status of whether X is allocated.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ALLOCATED(ARRAY)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      The argument shall be an `ALLOCATABLE' array.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a scalar `LOGICAL' with the default logical
--     kind type parameter.  If ARRAY is allocated, `ALLOCATED(ARRAY)' is
--     `.TRUE.'; otherwise, it returns `.FALSE.'
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_allocated
--            integer :: i = 4
--            real(4), allocatable :: x(:)
--            if (.not. allocated(x)) allocate(x(i))
--          end program test_allocated
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: AND,  Next: ANINT,  Prev: ALLOCATED,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.15 `AND' -- Bitwise logical AND
--=================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Bitwise logical `AND'.
--
--     This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with
--     GNU Fortran 77.  For integer arguments, programmers should consider
--     the use of the *note IAND:: intrinsic defined by the Fortran
--     standard.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = AND(I, J)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be either a scalar `INTEGER'
--                type or a scalar `LOGICAL' type.
--     J          The type shall be the same as the type of I.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return type is either a scalar `INTEGER' or a scalar
--     `LOGICAL'.  If the kind type parameters differ, then the smaller
--     kind type is implicitly converted to larger kind, and the return
--     has the larger kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_and
--            LOGICAL :: T = .TRUE., F = .FALSE.
--            INTEGER :: a, b
--            DATA a / Z'F' /, b / Z'3' /
--
--            WRITE (*,*) AND(T, T), AND(T, F), AND(F, T), AND(F, F)
--            WRITE (*,*) AND(a, b)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     Fortran 95 elemental function: *note IAND::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ANINT,  Next: ANY,  Prev: AND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.16 `ANINT' -- Nearest whole number
--====================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ANINT(A [, KIND])' rounds its argument to the nearest whole
--     number.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ANINT(A [, KIND])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          The type of the argument shall be `REAL'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type real with the kind type parameter of
--     the argument if the optional KIND is absent; otherwise, the kind
--     type parameter will be given by KIND.  If A is greater than zero,
--     `ANINT(A)' returns `AINT(X+0.5)'.  If A is less than or equal to
--     zero then it returns `AINT(X-0.5)'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_anint
--            real(4) x4
--            real(8) x8
--            x4 = 1.234E0_4
--            x8 = 4.321_8
--            print *, anint(x4), dnint(x8)
--            x8 = anint(x4,8)
--          end program test_anint
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DNINT(A)'    `REAL(8) A'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ANY,  Next: ASIN,  Prev: ANINT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.17 `ANY' -- Any value in MASK along DIM is true
--=================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ANY(MASK [, DIM])' determines if any of the values in the logical
--     array MASK along dimension DIM are `.TRUE.'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ANY(MASK [, DIM])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     MASK       The type of the argument shall be `LOGICAL' and
--                it shall not be scalar.
--     DIM        (Optional) DIM shall be a scalar integer with
--                a value that lies between one and the rank of
--                MASK.
--
--_Return value_:
--     `ANY(MASK)' returns a scalar value of type `LOGICAL' where the
--     kind type parameter is the same as the kind type parameter of
--     MASK.  If DIM is present, then `ANY(MASK, DIM)' returns an array
--     with the rank of MASK minus 1.  The shape is determined from the
--     shape of MASK where the DIM dimension is elided.
--
--    (A)
--          `ANY(MASK)' is true if any element of MASK is true;
--          otherwise, it is false.  It also is false if MASK has zero
--          size.
--
--    (B)
--          If the rank of MASK is one, then `ANY(MASK,DIM)' is equivalent
--          to `ANY(MASK)'.  If the rank is greater than one, then
--          `ANY(MASK,DIM)' is determined by applying `ANY' to the array
--          sections.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_any
--            logical l
--            l = any((/.true., .true., .true./))
--            print *, l
--            call section
--            contains
--              subroutine section
--                integer a(2,3), b(2,3)
--                a = 1
--                b = 1
--                b(2,2) = 2
--                print *, any(a .eq. b, 1)
--                print *, any(a .eq. b, 2)
--              end subroutine section
--          end program test_any
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ASIN,  Next: ASINH,  Prev: ANY,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.18 `ASIN' -- Arcsine function
--===============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ASIN(X)' computes the arcsine of its X (inverse of `SIN(X)').
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ASIN(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL', and a magnitude that
--                is less than or equal to one.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' and it lies in the range -\pi /
--     2 \leq \asin (x) \leq \pi / 2.  The kind type parameter is the
--     same as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_asin
--            real(8) :: x = 0.866_8
--            x = asin(x)
--          end program test_asin
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DASIN(X)'    `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--
--_See also_:
--     Inverse function: *note SIN::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ASINH,  Next: ASSOCIATED,  Prev: ASIN,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.19 `ASINH' -- Hyperbolic arcsine function
--===========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ASINH(X)' computes the hyperbolic arcsine of X (inverse of
--     `SINH(X)').
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ASINH(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of the same type and kind as  X.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_asinh
--            REAL(8), DIMENSION(3) :: x = (/ -1.0, 0.0, 1.0 /)
--            WRITE (*,*) ASINH(x)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DASINH(X)'   `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     GNU extension.
--
--_See also_:
--     Inverse function: *note SINH::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ASSOCIATED,  Next: ATAN,  Prev: ASINH,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.20 `ASSOCIATED' -- Status of a pointer or pointer/target pair
--===============================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ASSOCIATED(POINTER [, TARGET])' determines the status of the
--     pointer POINTER or if POINTER is associated with the target TARGET.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ASSOCIATED(POINTER [, TARGET])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     POINTER    POINTER shall have the `POINTER' attribute and
--                it can be of any type.
--     TARGET     (Optional) TARGET shall be a pointer or a
--                target.  It must have the same type, kind type
--                parameter, and array rank as POINTER.
--     The association status of neither POINTER nor TARGET shall be
--     undefined.
--
--_Return value_:
--     `ASSOCIATED(POINTER)' returns a scalar value of type `LOGICAL(4)'.
--     There are several cases:
--    (A) When the optional TARGET is not present then
--          `ASSOCIATED(POINTER)' is true if POINTER is associated with a
--          target; otherwise, it returns false.
--
--    (B) If TARGET is present and a scalar target, the result is true if
--          TARGET is not a zero-sized storage sequence and the target
--          associated with POINTER occupies the same storage units.  If
--          POINTER is disassociated, the result is false.
--
--    (C) If TARGET is present and an array target, the result is true if
--          TARGET and POINTER have the same shape, are not zero-sized
--          arrays, are arrays whose elements are not zero-sized storage
--          sequences, and TARGET and POINTER occupy the same storage
--          units in array element order.  As in case(B), the result is
--          false, if POINTER is disassociated.
--
--    (D) If TARGET is present and an scalar pointer, the result is true
--          if TARGET is associated with POINTER, the target associated
--          with TARGET are not zero-sized storage sequences and occupy
--          the same storage units.  The result is false, if either
--          TARGET or POINTER is disassociated.
--
--    (E) If TARGET is present and an array pointer, the result is true if
--          target associated with POINTER and the target associated with
--          TARGET have the same shape, are not zero-sized arrays, are
--          arrays whose elements are not zero-sized storage sequences,
--          and TARGET and POINTER occupy the same storage units in array
--          element order.  The result is false, if either TARGET or
--          POINTER is disassociated.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_associated
--             implicit none
--             real, target  :: tgt(2) = (/1., 2./)
--             real, pointer :: ptr(:)
--             ptr => tgt
--             if (associated(ptr)     .eqv. .false.) call abort
--             if (associated(ptr,tgt) .eqv. .false.) call abort
--          end program test_associated
--
--_See also_:
--     *note NULL::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ATAN,  Next: ATAN2,  Prev: ASSOCIATED,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.21 `ATAN' -- Arctangent function
--==================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ATAN(X)' computes the arctangent of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ATAN(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' and it lies in the range  - \pi
--     / 2 \leq \atan (x) \leq \pi / 2.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_atan
--            real(8) :: x = 2.866_8
--            x = atan(x)
--          end program test_atan
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DATAN(X)'    `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--
--_See also_:
--     Inverse function: *note TAN::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ATAN2,  Next: ATANH,  Prev: ATAN,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.22 `ATAN2' -- Arctangent function
--===================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ATAN2(Y, X)' computes the arctangent of the complex number X + i
--     Y.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ATAN2(Y, X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     Y          The type shall be `REAL'.
--     X          The type and kind type parameter shall be the
--                same as Y.  If Y is zero, then X must be
--                nonzero.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value has the same type and kind type parameter as Y.
--     It is the principal value of the complex number X + i Y.  If X is
--     nonzero, then it lies in the range -\pi \le \atan (x) \leq \pi.
--     The sign is positive if Y is positive.  If Y is zero, then the
--     return value is zero if X is positive and \pi if X is negative.
--     Finally, if X is zero, then the magnitude of the result is \pi/2.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_atan2
--            real(4) :: x = 1.e0_4, y = 0.5e0_4
--            x = atan2(y,x)
--          end program test_atan2
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DATAN2(X)'   `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ATANH,  Next: BESSEL_J0,  Prev: ATAN2,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.23 `ATANH' -- Hyperbolic arctangent function
--==============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ATANH(X)' computes the hyperbolic arctangent of X (inverse of
--     `TANH(X)').
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ATANH(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value has same type and kind as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_atanh
--            REAL, DIMENSION(3) :: x = (/ -1.0, 0.0, 1.0 /)
--            WRITE (*,*) ATANH(x)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DATANH(X)'   `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     GNU extension
--
--_See also_:
--     Inverse function: *note TANH::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: BESSEL_J0,  Next: BESSEL_J1,  Prev: ATANH,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.24 `BESSEL_J0' -- Bessel function of the first kind of order 0
--================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `BESSEL_J0(X)' computes the Bessel function of the first kind of
--     order 0 of X. This function is available under the name `BESJ0' as
--     a GNU extension.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = BESSEL_J0(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL', and it shall be
--                scalar.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' and lies in the range  -
--     0.4027... \leq Bessel (0,x) \leq 1. It has the same kind as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_besj0
--            real(8) :: x = 0.0_8
--            x = bessel_j0(x)
--          end program test_besj0
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DBESJ0(X)'   `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     GNU extension
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: BESSEL_J1,  Next: BESSEL_JN,  Prev: BESSEL_J0,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.25 `BESSEL_J1' -- Bessel function of the first kind of order 1
--================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `BESSEL_J1(X)' computes the Bessel function of the first kind of
--     order 1 of X. This function is available under the name `BESJ1' as
--     a GNU extension.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = BESSEL_J1(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL', and it shall be
--                scalar.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' and it lies in the range  -
--     0.5818... \leq Bessel (0,x) \leq 0.5818 . It has the same kind as
--     X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_besj1
--            real(8) :: x = 1.0_8
--            x = bessel_j1(x)
--          end program test_besj1
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DBESJ1(X)'   `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     GNU extension
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: BESSEL_JN,  Next: BESSEL_Y0,  Prev: BESSEL_J1,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.26 `BESSEL_JN' -- Bessel function of the first kind
--=====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `BESSEL_JN(N, X)' computes the Bessel function of the first kind of
--     order N of X. This function is available under the name `BESJN' as
--     a GNU extension.
--
--     If both arguments are arrays, their ranks and shapes shall conform.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = BESSEL_JN(N, X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     N          Shall be a scalar or an array of type
--                `INTEGER'.
--     X          Shall be a scalar or an array of type  `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a scalar of type `REAL'. It has the same kind
--     as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_besjn
--            real(8) :: x = 1.0_8
--            x = bessel_jn(5,x)
--          end program test_besjn
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DBESJN(X)'   `INTEGER N'   `REAL(8)'     GNU extension
--                   `REAL(8) X'                 
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: BESSEL_Y0,  Next: BESSEL_Y1,  Prev: BESSEL_JN,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.27 `BESSEL_Y0' -- Bessel function of the second kind of order 0
--=================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `BESSEL_Y0(X)' computes the Bessel function of the second kind of
--     order 0 of X. This function is available under the name `BESY0' as
--     a GNU extension.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = BESSEL_Y0(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL', and it shall be
--                scalar.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a scalar of type `REAL'. It has the same kind
--     as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_besy0
--            real(8) :: x = 0.0_8
--            x = bessel_y0(x)
--          end program test_besy0
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DBESY0(X)'   `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     GNU extension
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: BESSEL_Y1,  Next: BESSEL_YN,  Prev: BESSEL_Y0,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.28 `BESSEL_Y1' -- Bessel function of the second kind of order 1
--=================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `BESSEL_Y1(X)' computes the Bessel function of the second kind of
--     order 1 of X. This function is available under the name `BESY1' as
--     a GNU extension.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = BESSEL_Y1(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL', and it shall be
--                scalar.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a scalar of type `REAL'. It has the same kind
--     as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_besy1
--            real(8) :: x = 1.0_8
--            x = bessel_y1(x)
--          end program test_besy1
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DBESY1(X)'   `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     GNU extension
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: BESSEL_YN,  Next: BIT_SIZE,  Prev: BESSEL_Y1,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.29 `BESSEL_YN' -- Bessel function of the second kind
--======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `BESSEL_YN(N, X)' computes the Bessel function of the second kind
--     of order N of X. This function is available under the name `BESYN'
--     as a GNU extension.
--
--     If both arguments are arrays, their ranks and shapes shall conform.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = BESSEL_YN(N, X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     N          Shall be a scalar or an array of type
--                `INTEGER'.
--     X          Shall be a scalar or an array of type  `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a scalar of type `REAL'. It has the same kind
--     as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_besyn
--            real(8) :: x = 1.0_8
--            x = bessel_yn(5,x)
--          end program test_besyn
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DBESYN(N,X)' `INTEGER N'   `REAL(8)'     GNU extension
--                   `REAL(8)                    
--                   X'                          
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: BIT_SIZE,  Next: BTEST,  Prev: BESSEL_YN,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.30 `BIT_SIZE' -- Bit size inquiry function
--============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `BIT_SIZE(I)' returns the number of bits (integer precision plus
--     sign bit) represented by the type of I.  The result of
--     `BIT_SIZE(I)' is independent of the actual value of I.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = BIT_SIZE(I)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER'
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_bit_size
--              integer :: i = 123
--              integer :: size
--              size = bit_size(i)
--              print *, size
--          end program test_bit_size
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: BTEST,  Next: C_ASSOCIATED,  Prev: BIT_SIZE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.31 `BTEST' -- Bit test function
--=================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `BTEST(I,POS)' returns logical `.TRUE.' if the bit at POS in I is
--     set.  The counting of the bits starts at 0.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = BTEST(I, POS)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     POS        The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `LOGICAL'
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_btest
--              integer :: i = 32768 + 1024 + 64
--              integer :: pos
--              logical :: bool
--              do pos=0,16
--                  bool = btest(i, pos)
--                  print *, pos, bool
--              end do
--          end program test_btest
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: C_ASSOCIATED,  Next: C_F_POINTER,  Prev: BTEST,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.32 `C_ASSOCIATED' -- Status of a C pointer
--============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `C_ASSOCIATED(c_prt_1[, c_ptr_2])' determines the status of the C
--     pointer C_PTR_1 or if C_PTR_1 is associated with the target
--     C_PTR_2.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = C_ASSOCIATED(c_prt_1[, c_ptr_2])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     C_PTR_1    Scalar of the type `C_PTR' or `C_FUNPTR'.
--     C_PTR_2    (Optional) Scalar of the same type as C_PTR_1.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `LOGICAL'; it is `.false.' if either
--     C_PTR_1 is a C NULL pointer or if C_PTR1 and C_PTR_2 point to
--     different addresses.
--
--_Example_:
--          subroutine association_test(a,b)
--            use iso_c_binding, only: c_associated, c_loc, c_ptr
--            implicit none
--            real, pointer :: a
--            type(c_ptr) :: b
--            if(c_associated(b, c_loc(a))) &
--               stop 'b and a do not point to same target'
--          end subroutine association_test
--
--_See also_:
--     *note C_LOC::, *note C_FUNLOC::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: C_FUNLOC,  Next: C_LOC,  Prev: C_F_PROCPOINTER,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.33 `C_FUNLOC' -- Obtain the C address of a procedure
--======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `C_FUNLOC(x)' determines the C address of the argument.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = C_FUNLOC(x)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Interoperable function or pointer to such
--                function.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `C_FUNPTR' and contains the C address
--     of the argument.
--
--_Example_:
--          module x
--            use iso_c_binding
--            implicit none
--          contains
--            subroutine sub(a) bind(c)
--              real(c_float) :: a
--              a = sqrt(a)+5.0
--            end subroutine sub
--          end module x
--          program main
--            use iso_c_binding
--            use x
--            implicit none
--            interface
--              subroutine my_routine(p) bind(c,name='myC_func')
--                import :: c_funptr
--                type(c_funptr), intent(in) :: p
--              end subroutine
--            end interface
--            call my_routine(c_funloc(sub))
--          end program main
--
--_See also_:
--     *note C_ASSOCIATED::, *note C_LOC::, *note C_F_POINTER::, *note
--     C_F_PROCPOINTER::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: C_F_PROCPOINTER,  Next: C_FUNLOC,  Prev: C_F_POINTER,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.34 `C_F_PROCPOINTER' -- Convert C into Fortran procedure pointer
--==================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `C_F_PROCPOINTER(CPTR, FPTR)' Assign the target of the C function
--     pointer CPTR to the Fortran procedure pointer FPTR.
--
--     Note: Due to the currently lacking support of procedure pointers
--     in GNU Fortran this function is not fully operable.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL C_F_PROCPOINTER(cptr, fptr)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     CPTR       scalar of the type `C_FUNPTR'. It is
--                `INTENT(IN)'.
--     FPTR       procedure pointer interoperable with CPTR. It
--                is `INTENT(OUT)'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program main
--            use iso_c_binding
--            implicit none
--            abstract interface
--              function func(a)
--                import :: c_float
--                real(c_float), intent(in) :: a
--                real(c_float) :: func
--              end function
--            end interface
--            interface
--               function getIterFunc() bind(c,name="getIterFunc")
--                 import :: c_funptr
--                 type(c_funptr) :: getIterFunc
--               end function
--            end interface
--            type(c_funptr) :: cfunptr
--            procedure(func), pointer :: myFunc
--            cfunptr = getIterFunc()
--            call c_f_procpointer(cfunptr, myFunc)
--          end program main
--
--_See also_:
--     *note C_LOC::, *note C_F_POINTER::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: C_F_POINTER,  Next: C_F_PROCPOINTER,  Prev: C_ASSOCIATED,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.35 `C_F_POINTER' -- Convert C into Fortran pointer
--====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `C_F_POINTER(CPTR, FPTR[, SHAPE])' Assign the target the C pointer
--     CPTR to the Fortran pointer FPTR and specify its shape.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL C_F_POINTER(CPTR, FPTR[, SHAPE])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     CPTR       scalar of the type `C_PTR'. It is `INTENT(IN)'.
--     FPTR       pointer interoperable with CPTR. It is
--                `INTENT(OUT)'.
--     SHAPE      (Optional) Rank-one array of type `INTEGER'
--                with `INTENT(IN)'. It shall be present if and
--                only if FPTR is an array. The size must be
--                equal to the rank of FPTR.
--
--_Example_:
--          program main
--            use iso_c_binding
--            implicit none
--            interface
--              subroutine my_routine(p) bind(c,name='myC_func')
--                import :: c_ptr
--                type(c_ptr), intent(out) :: p
--              end subroutine
--            end interface
--            type(c_ptr) :: cptr
--            real,pointer :: a(:)
--            call my_routine(cptr)
--            call c_f_pointer(cptr, a, [12])
--          end program main
--
--_See also_:
--     *note C_LOC::, *note C_F_PROCPOINTER::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: C_LOC,  Next: C_SIZEOF,  Prev: C_FUNLOC,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.36 `C_LOC' -- Obtain the C address of an object
--=================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `C_LOC(X)' determines the C address of the argument.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = C_LOC(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Associated scalar pointer or interoperable
--                scalar or allocated allocatable variable with
--                `TARGET' attribute.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `C_PTR' and contains the C address of
--     the argument.
--
--_Example_:
--          subroutine association_test(a,b)
--            use iso_c_binding, only: c_associated, c_loc, c_ptr
--            implicit none
--            real, pointer :: a
--            type(c_ptr) :: b
--            if(c_associated(b, c_loc(a))) &
--               stop 'b and a do not point to same target'
--          end subroutine association_test
--
--_See also_:
--     *note C_ASSOCIATED::, *note C_FUNLOC::, *note C_F_POINTER::, *note
--     C_F_PROCPOINTER::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: C_SIZEOF,  Next: CEILING,  Prev: C_LOC,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.37 `C_SIZEOF' -- Size in bytes of an expression
--=================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `C_SIZEOF(X)' calculates the number of bytes of storage the
--     expression `X' occupies.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008
--
--_Class_:
--     Intrinsic function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `N = C_SIZEOF(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The argument shall be of any type, rank or
--                shape.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type integer and of the system-dependent
--     kind C_SIZE_T (from the ISO_C_BINDING module). Its value is the
--     number of bytes occupied by the argument.  If the argument has the
--     `POINTER' attribute, the number of bytes of the storage area
--     pointed to is returned.  If the argument is of a derived type with
--     `POINTER' or `ALLOCATABLE' components, the return value doesn't
--     account for the sizes of the data pointed to by these components.
--
--_Example_:
--             use iso_c_binding
--             integer(c_int) :: i
--             real(c_float) :: r, s(5)
--             print *, (c_sizeof(s)/c_sizeof(r) == 5)
--             end
--     The example will print `.TRUE.' unless you are using a platform
--     where default `REAL' variables are unusually padded.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note SIZEOF::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: CEILING,  Next: CHAR,  Prev: C_SIZEOF,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.38 `CEILING' -- Integer ceiling function
--==========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `CEILING(A)' returns the least integer greater than or equal to A.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = CEILING(A [, KIND])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          The type shall be `REAL'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER(KIND)' if KIND is present and
--     a default-kind `INTEGER' otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_ceiling
--              real :: x = 63.29
--              real :: y = -63.59
--              print *, ceiling(x) ! returns 64
--              print *, ceiling(y) ! returns -63
--          end program test_ceiling
--
--_See also_:
--     *note FLOOR::, *note NINT::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: CHAR,  Next: CHDIR,  Prev: CEILING,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.39 `CHAR' -- Character conversion function
--============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `CHAR(I [, KIND])' returns the character represented by the
--     integer I.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = CHAR(I [, KIND])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `CHARACTER(1)'
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_char
--              integer :: i = 74
--              character(1) :: c
--              c = char(i)
--              print *, i, c ! returns 'J'
--          end program test_char
--
--_Note_:
--     See *note ICHAR:: for a discussion of converting between numerical
--     values and formatted string representations.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ACHAR::, *note IACHAR::, *note ICHAR::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: CHDIR,  Next: CHMOD,  Prev: CHAR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.40 `CHDIR' -- Change working directory
--========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Change current working directory to a specified path.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL CHDIR(NAME [, STATUS])'
--     `STATUS = CHDIR(NAME)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     NAME       The type shall be `CHARACTER' of default kind
--                and shall specify a valid path within the file
--                system.
--     STATUS     (Optional) `INTEGER' status flag of the default
--                kind.  Returns 0 on success, and a system
--                specific and nonzero error code otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_chdir
--            CHARACTER(len=255) :: path
--            CALL getcwd(path)
--            WRITE(*,*) TRIM(path)
--            CALL chdir("/tmp")
--            CALL getcwd(path)
--            WRITE(*,*) TRIM(path)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note GETCWD::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: CHMOD,  Next: CMPLX,  Prev: CHDIR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.41 `CHMOD' -- Change access permissions of files
--==================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `CHMOD' changes the permissions of a file. This function invokes
--     `/bin/chmod' and might therefore not work on all platforms.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL CHMOD(NAME, MODE[, STATUS])'
--     `STATUS = CHMOD(NAME, MODE)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     NAME       Scalar `CHARACTER' of default kind with the
--                file name. Trailing blanks are ignored unless
--                the character `achar(0)' is present, then all
--                characters up to and excluding `achar(0)' are
--                used as the file name.
--     MODE       Scalar `CHARACTER' of default kind giving the
--                file permission. MODE uses the same syntax as
--                the MODE argument of `/bin/chmod'.
--     STATUS     (optional) scalar `INTEGER', which is `0' on
--                success and nonzero otherwise.
--
--_Return value_:
--     In either syntax, STATUS is set to `0' on success and nonzero
--     otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--     `CHMOD' as subroutine
--          program chmod_test
--            implicit none
--            integer :: status
--            call chmod('test.dat','u+x',status)
--            print *, 'Status: ', status
--          end program chmod_test
--     `CHMOD' as function:
--          program chmod_test
--            implicit none
--            integer :: status
--            status = chmod('test.dat','u+x')
--            print *, 'Status: ', status
--          end program chmod_test
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: CMPLX,  Next: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT,  Prev: CHMOD,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.42 `CMPLX' -- Complex conversion function
--===========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `CMPLX(X [, Y [, KIND]])' returns a complex number where X is
--     converted to the real component.  If Y is present it is converted
--     to the imaginary component.  If Y is not present then the
--     imaginary component is set to 0.0.  If X is complex then Y must
--     not be present.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = CMPLX(X [, Y [, KIND]])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type may be `INTEGER', `REAL', or
--                `COMPLEX'.
--     Y          (Optional; only allowed if X is not
--                `COMPLEX'.)  May be `INTEGER' or `REAL'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of `COMPLEX' type, with a kind equal to KIND
--     if it is specified.  If KIND is not specified, the result is of
--     the default `COMPLEX' kind, regardless of the kinds of X and Y.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_cmplx
--              integer :: i = 42
--              real :: x = 3.14
--              complex :: z
--              z = cmplx(i, x)
--              print *, z, cmplx(x)
--          end program test_cmplx
--
--_See also_:
--     *note COMPLEX::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT,  Next: COMPLEX,  Prev: CMPLX,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.43 `COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT' -- Get number of command line arguments
--=====================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT()' returns the number of arguments passed
--     on the command line when the containing program was invoked.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT()'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     None       
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER(4)'
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_command_argument_count
--              integer :: count
--              count = command_argument_count()
--              print *, count
--          end program test_command_argument_count
--
--_See also_:
--     *note GET_COMMAND::, *note GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: COMPLEX,  Next: CONJG,  Prev: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.44 `COMPLEX' -- Complex conversion function
--=============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `COMPLEX(X, Y)' returns a complex number where X is converted to
--     the real component and Y is converted to the imaginary component.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = COMPLEX(X, Y)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type may be `INTEGER' or `REAL'.
--     Y          The type may be `INTEGER' or `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     If X and Y are both of `INTEGER' type, then the return value is of
--     default `COMPLEX' type.
--
--     If X and Y are of `REAL' type, or one is of `REAL' type and one is
--     of `INTEGER' type, then the return value is of `COMPLEX' type with
--     a kind equal to that of the `REAL' argument with the highest
--     precision.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_complex
--              integer :: i = 42
--              real :: x = 3.14
--              print *, complex(i, x)
--          end program test_complex
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CMPLX::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: CONJG,  Next: COS,  Prev: COMPLEX,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.45 `CONJG' -- Complex conjugate function
--==========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `CONJG(Z)' returns the conjugate of Z.  If Z is `(x, y)' then the
--     result is `(x, -y)'
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `Z = CONJG(Z)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     Z          The type shall be `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_conjg
--              complex :: z = (2.0, 3.0)
--              complex(8) :: dz = (2.71_8, -3.14_8)
--              z= conjg(z)
--              print *, z
--              dz = dconjg(dz)
--              print *, dz
--          end program test_conjg
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DCONJG(Z)'   `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  GNU extension
--                   Z'                          
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: COS,  Next: COSH,  Prev: CONJG,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.46 `COS' -- Cosine function
--=============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `COS(X)' computes the cosine of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = COS(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' and it lies in the range  -1
--     \leq \cos (x) \leq 1.  The kind type parameter is the same as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_cos
--            real :: x = 0.0
--            x = cos(x)
--          end program test_cos
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DCOS(X)'     `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--     `CCOS(X)'     `COMPLEX(4)   `COMPLEX(4)'  Fortran 77 and
--                   X'                          later
--     `ZCOS(X)'     `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  GNU extension
--                   X'                          
--     `CDCOS(X)'    `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  GNU extension
--                   X'                          
--
--_See also_:
--     Inverse function: *note ACOS::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: COSH,  Next: COUNT,  Prev: COS,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.47 `COSH' -- Hyperbolic cosine function
--=========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `COSH(X)' computes the hyperbolic cosine of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `X = COSH(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' and it is positive ( \cosh (x)
--     \geq 0 ).  For a `REAL' argument X,  \cosh (x) \geq 1 .  The
--     return value is of the same kind as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_cosh
--            real(8) :: x = 1.0_8
--            x = cosh(x)
--          end program test_cosh
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DCOSH(X)'    `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--
--_See also_:
--     Inverse function: *note ACOSH::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: COUNT,  Next: CPU_TIME,  Prev: COSH,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.48 `COUNT' -- Count function
--==============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `COUNT(MASK [, DIM [, KIND]])' counts the number of `.TRUE.'
--     elements of MASK along the dimension of DIM.  If DIM is omitted it
--     is taken to be `1'.  DIM is a scalar of type `INTEGER' in the
--     range of 1 /leq DIM /leq n) where n is the rank of MASK.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = COUNT(MASK [, DIM [, KIND]])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     MASK       The type shall be `LOGICAL'.
--     DIM        (Optional) The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is
--     absent, the return value is of default integer kind.  The result
--     has a rank equal to that of MASK.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_count
--              integer, dimension(2,3) :: a, b
--              logical, dimension(2,3) :: mask
--              a = reshape( (/ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 /), (/ 2, 3 /))
--              b = reshape( (/ 0, 7, 3, 4, 5, 8 /), (/ 2, 3 /))
--              print '(3i3)', a(1,:)
--              print '(3i3)', a(2,:)
--              print *
--              print '(3i3)', b(1,:)
--              print '(3i3)', b(2,:)
--              print *
--              mask = a.ne.b
--              print '(3l3)', mask(1,:)
--              print '(3l3)', mask(2,:)
--              print *
--              print '(3i3)', count(mask)
--              print *
--              print '(3i3)', count(mask, 1)
--              print *
--              print '(3i3)', count(mask, 2)
--          end program test_count
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: CPU_TIME,  Next: CSHIFT,  Prev: COUNT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.49 `CPU_TIME' -- CPU elapsed time in seconds
--==============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns a `REAL' value representing the elapsed CPU time in
--     seconds.  This is useful for testing segments of code to determine
--     execution time.
--
--     If a time source is available, time will be reported with
--     microsecond resolution. If no time source is available, TIME is
--     set to `-1.0'.
--
--     Note that TIME may contain a, system dependent, arbitrary offset
--     and may not start with `0.0'. For `CPU_TIME', the absolute value
--     is meaningless, only differences between subsequent calls to this
--     subroutine, as shown in the example below, should be used.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL CPU_TIME(TIME)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     TIME       The type shall be `REAL' with `INTENT(OUT)'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     None
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_cpu_time
--              real :: start, finish
--              call cpu_time(start)
--                  ! put code to test here
--              call cpu_time(finish)
--              print '("Time = ",f6.3," seconds.")',finish-start
--          end program test_cpu_time
--
--_See also_:
--     *note SYSTEM_CLOCK::, *note DATE_AND_TIME::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: CSHIFT,  Next: CTIME,  Prev: CPU_TIME,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.50 `CSHIFT' -- Circular shift elements of an array
--====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `CSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT [, DIM])' performs a circular shift on
--     elements of ARRAY along the dimension of DIM.  If DIM is omitted
--     it is taken to be `1'.  DIM is a scalar of type `INTEGER' in the
--     range of 1 /leq DIM /leq n) where n is the rank of ARRAY.  If the
--     rank of ARRAY is one, then all elements of ARRAY are shifted by
--     SHIFT places.  If rank is greater than one, then all complete rank
--     one sections of ARRAY along the given dimension are shifted.
--     Elements shifted out one end of each rank one section are shifted
--     back in the other end.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = CSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT [, DIM])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      Shall be an array of any type.
--     SHIFT      The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     DIM        The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns an array of same type and rank as the ARRAY argument.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_cshift
--              integer, dimension(3,3) :: a
--              a = reshape( (/ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 /), (/ 3, 3 /))
--              print '(3i3)', a(1,:)
--              print '(3i3)', a(2,:)
--              print '(3i3)', a(3,:)
--              a = cshift(a, SHIFT=(/1, 2, -1/), DIM=2)
--              print *
--              print '(3i3)', a(1,:)
--              print '(3i3)', a(2,:)
--              print '(3i3)', a(3,:)
--          end program test_cshift
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: CTIME,  Next: DATE_AND_TIME,  Prev: CSHIFT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.51 `CTIME' -- Convert a time into a string
--============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `CTIME' converts a system time value, such as returned by
--     `TIME8()', to a string of the form `Sat Aug 19 18:13:14 1995'.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL CTIME(TIME, RESULT)'.
--     `RESULT = CTIME(TIME)', (not recommended).
--
--_Arguments_:
--     TIME       The type shall be of type `INTEGER(KIND=8)'.
--     RESULT     The type shall be of type `CHARACTER' and of
--                default kind.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The converted date and time as a string.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_ctime
--              integer(8) :: i
--              character(len=30) :: date
--              i = time8()
--
--              ! Do something, main part of the program
--
--              call ctime(i,date)
--              print *, 'Program was started on ', date
--          end program test_ctime
--
--_See Also_:
--     *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note TIME::, *note TIME8::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: DATE_AND_TIME,  Next: DBLE,  Prev: CTIME,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.52 `DATE_AND_TIME' -- Date and time subroutine
--================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `DATE_AND_TIME(DATE, TIME, ZONE, VALUES)' gets the corresponding
--     date and time information from the real-time system clock.  DATE is
--     `INTENT(OUT)' and has form ccyymmdd.  TIME is `INTENT(OUT)' and
--     has form hhmmss.sss.  ZONE is `INTENT(OUT)' and has form (+-)hhmm,
--     representing the difference with respect to Coordinated Universal
--     Time (UTC).  Unavailable time and date parameters return blanks.
--
--     VALUES is `INTENT(OUT)' and provides the following:
--
--                `VALUE(1)':          The year
--                `VALUE(2)':          The month
--                `VALUE(3)':          The day of the month
--                `VALUE(4)':          Time difference with UTC
--                                     in minutes
--                `VALUE(5)':          The hour of the day
--                `VALUE(6)':          The minutes of the hour
--                `VALUE(7)':          The seconds of the minute
--                `VALUE(8)':          The milliseconds of the
--                                     second
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL DATE_AND_TIME([DATE, TIME, ZONE, VALUES])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     DATE       (Optional) The type shall be `CHARACTER(LEN=8)'
--                or larger, and of default kind.
--     TIME       (Optional) The type shall be
--                `CHARACTER(LEN=10)' or larger, and of default
--                kind.
--     ZONE       (Optional) The type shall be `CHARACTER(LEN=5)'
--                or larger, and of default kind.
--     VALUES     (Optional) The type shall be `INTEGER(8)'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     None
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_time_and_date
--              character(8)  :: date
--              character(10) :: time
--              character(5)  :: zone
--              integer,dimension(8) :: values
--              ! using keyword arguments
--              call date_and_time(date,time,zone,values)
--              call date_and_time(DATE=date,ZONE=zone)
--              call date_and_time(TIME=time)
--              call date_and_time(VALUES=values)
--              print '(a,2x,a,2x,a)', date, time, zone
--              print '(8i5))', values
--          end program test_time_and_date
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CPU_TIME::, *note SYSTEM_CLOCK::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: DBLE,  Next: DCMPLX,  Prev: DATE_AND_TIME,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.53 `DBLE' -- Double conversion function
--=========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `DBLE(A)' Converts A to double precision real type.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = DBLE(A)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          The type shall be `INTEGER', `REAL', or
--                `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type double precision real.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_dble
--              real    :: x = 2.18
--              integer :: i = 5
--              complex :: z = (2.3,1.14)
--              print *, dble(x), dble(i), dble(z)
--          end program test_dble
--
--_See also_:
--     *note DFLOAT::, *note FLOAT::, *note REAL::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: DCMPLX,  Next: DFLOAT,  Prev: DBLE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.54 `DCMPLX' -- Double complex conversion function
--===================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `DCMPLX(X [,Y])' returns a double complex number where X is
--     converted to the real component.  If Y is present it is converted
--     to the imaginary component.  If Y is not present then the
--     imaginary component is set to 0.0.  If X is complex then Y must
--     not be present.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = DCMPLX(X [, Y])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type may be `INTEGER', `REAL', or
--                `COMPLEX'.
--     Y          (Optional if X is not `COMPLEX'.) May be
--                `INTEGER' or `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `COMPLEX(8)'
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_dcmplx
--              integer :: i = 42
--              real :: x = 3.14
--              complex :: z
--              z = cmplx(i, x)
--              print *, dcmplx(i)
--              print *, dcmplx(x)
--              print *, dcmplx(z)
--              print *, dcmplx(x,i)
--          end program test_dcmplx
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: DFLOAT,  Next: DIGITS,  Prev: DCMPLX,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.55 `DFLOAT' -- Double conversion function
--===========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `DFLOAT(A)' Converts A to double precision real type.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = DFLOAT(A)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type double precision real.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_dfloat
--              integer :: i = 5
--              print *, dfloat(i)
--          end program test_dfloat
--
--_See also_:
--     *note DBLE::, *note FLOAT::, *note REAL::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: DIGITS,  Next: DIM,  Prev: DFLOAT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.56 `DIGITS' -- Significant binary digits function
--===================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `DIGITS(X)' returns the number of significant binary digits of the
--     internal model representation of X.  For example, on a system
--     using a 32-bit floating point representation, a default real
--     number would likely return 24.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = DIGITS(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type may be `INTEGER' or `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_digits
--              integer :: i = 12345
--              real :: x = 3.143
--              real(8) :: y = 2.33
--              print *, digits(i)
--              print *, digits(x)
--              print *, digits(y)
--          end program test_digits
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: DIM,  Next: DOT_PRODUCT,  Prev: DIGITS,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.57 `DIM' -- Positive difference
--=================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `DIM(X,Y)' returns the difference `X-Y' if the result is positive;
--     otherwise returns zero.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = DIM(X, Y)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `INTEGER' or `REAL'
--     Y          The type shall be the same type and kind as X.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' or `REAL'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_dim
--              integer :: i
--              real(8) :: x
--              i = dim(4, 15)
--              x = dim(4.345_8, 2.111_8)
--              print *, i
--              print *, x
--          end program test_dim
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `IDIM(X,Y)'   `INTEGER(4)   `INTEGER(4)'  Fortran 77 and
--                   X,Y'                        later
--     `DDIM(X,Y)'   `REAL(8)      `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                   X,Y'                        later
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: DOT_PRODUCT,  Next: DPROD,  Prev: DIM,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.58 `DOT_PRODUCT' -- Dot product function
--==========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `DOT_PRODUCT(VECTOR_A, VECTOR_B)' computes the dot product
--     multiplication of two vectors VECTOR_A and VECTOR_B.  The two
--     vectors may be either numeric or logical and must be arrays of
--     rank one and of equal size. If the vectors are `INTEGER' or
--     `REAL', the result is `SUM(VECTOR_A*VECTOR_B)'. If the vectors are
--     `COMPLEX', the result is `SUM(CONJG(VECTOR_A)*VECTOR_B)'. If the
--     vectors are `LOGICAL', the result is `ANY(VECTOR_A .AND.
--     VECTOR_B)'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = DOT_PRODUCT(VECTOR_A, VECTOR_B)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     VECTOR_A   The type shall be numeric or `LOGICAL', rank 1.
--     VECTOR_B   The type shall be numeric if VECTOR_A is of
--                numeric type or `LOGICAL' if VECTOR_A is of
--                type `LOGICAL'. VECTOR_B shall be a rank-one
--                array.
--
--_Return value_:
--     If the arguments are numeric, the return value is a scalar of
--     numeric type, `INTEGER', `REAL', or `COMPLEX'.  If the arguments
--     are `LOGICAL', the return value is `.TRUE.' or `.FALSE.'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_dot_prod
--              integer, dimension(3) :: a, b
--              a = (/ 1, 2, 3 /)
--              b = (/ 4, 5, 6 /)
--              print '(3i3)', a
--              print *
--              print '(3i3)', b
--              print *
--              print *, dot_product(a,b)
--          end program test_dot_prod
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: DPROD,  Next: DREAL,  Prev: DOT_PRODUCT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.59 `DPROD' -- Double product function
--=======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `DPROD(X,Y)' returns the product `X*Y'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = DPROD(X, Y)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--     Y          The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL(8)'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_dprod
--              real :: x = 5.2
--              real :: y = 2.3
--              real(8) :: d
--              d = dprod(x,y)
--              print *, d
--          end program test_dprod
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: DREAL,  Next: DTIME,  Prev: DPROD,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.60 `DREAL' -- Double real part function
--=========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `DREAL(Z)' returns the real part of complex variable Z.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = DREAL(A)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          The type shall be `COMPLEX(8)'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL(8)'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_dreal
--              complex(8) :: z = (1.3_8,7.2_8)
--              print *, dreal(z)
--          end program test_dreal
--
--_See also_:
--     *note AIMAG::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: DTIME,  Next: EOSHIFT,  Prev: DREAL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.61 `DTIME' -- Execution time subroutine (or function)
--=======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `DTIME(TARRAY, RESULT)' initially returns the number of seconds of
--     runtime since the start of the process's execution in RESULT.
--     TARRAY returns the user and system components of this time in
--     `TARRAY(1)' and `TARRAY(2)' respectively. RESULT is equal to
--     `TARRAY(1) + TARRAY(2)'.
--
--     Subsequent invocations of `DTIME' return values accumulated since
--     the previous invocation.
--
--     On some systems, the underlying timings are represented using
--     types with sufficiently small limits that overflows (wrap around)
--     are possible, such as 32-bit types. Therefore, the values returned
--     by this intrinsic might be, or become, negative, or numerically
--     less than previous values, during a single run of the compiled
--     program.
--
--     Please note, that this implementation is thread safe if used
--     within OpenMP directives, i.e., its state will be consistent while
--     called from multiple threads. However, if `DTIME' is called from
--     multiple threads, the result is still the time since the last
--     invocation. This may not give the intended results. If possible,
--     use `CPU_TIME' instead.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--     TARRAY and RESULT are `INTENT(OUT)' and provide the following:
--
--                `TARRAY(1)':         User time in seconds.
--                `TARRAY(2)':         System time in seconds.
--                `RESULT':            Run time since start in
--                                     seconds.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL DTIME(TARRAY, RESULT)'.
--     `RESULT = DTIME(TARRAY)', (not recommended).
--
--_Arguments_:
--     TARRAY     The type shall be `REAL, DIMENSION(2)'.
--     RESULT     The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Elapsed time in seconds since the last invocation or since the
--     start of program execution if not called before.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_dtime
--              integer(8) :: i, j
--              real, dimension(2) :: tarray
--              real :: result
--              call dtime(tarray, result)
--              print *, result
--              print *, tarray(1)
--              print *, tarray(2)
--              do i=1,100000000    ! Just a delay
--                  j = i * i - i
--              end do
--              call dtime(tarray, result)
--              print *, result
--              print *, tarray(1)
--              print *, tarray(2)
--          end program test_dtime
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CPU_TIME::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: EOSHIFT,  Next: EPSILON,  Prev: DTIME,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.62 `EOSHIFT' -- End-off shift elements of an array
--====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `EOSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT[, BOUNDARY, DIM])' performs an end-off shift
--     on elements of ARRAY along the dimension of DIM.  If DIM is
--     omitted it is taken to be `1'.  DIM is a scalar of type `INTEGER'
--     in the range of 1 /leq DIM /leq n) where n is the rank of ARRAY.
--     If the rank of ARRAY is one, then all elements of ARRAY are
--     shifted by SHIFT places.  If rank is greater than one, then all
--     complete rank one sections of ARRAY along the given dimension are
--     shifted.  Elements shifted out one end of each rank one section
--     are dropped.  If BOUNDARY is present then the corresponding value
--     of from BOUNDARY is copied back in the other end.  If BOUNDARY is
--     not present then the following are copied in depending on the type
--     of ARRAY.
--
--     _Array     _Boundary Value_
--     Type_      
--     Numeric    0 of the type and kind of ARRAY.
--     Logical    `.FALSE.'.
--     Character(LEN)LEN blanks.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = EOSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT [, BOUNDARY, DIM])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      May be any type, not scalar.
--     SHIFT      The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     BOUNDARY   Same type as ARRAY.
--     DIM        The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns an array of same type and rank as the ARRAY argument.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_eoshift
--              integer, dimension(3,3) :: a
--              a = reshape( (/ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 /), (/ 3, 3 /))
--              print '(3i3)', a(1,:)
--              print '(3i3)', a(2,:)
--              print '(3i3)', a(3,:)
--              a = EOSHIFT(a, SHIFT=(/1, 2, 1/), BOUNDARY=-5, DIM=2)
--              print *
--              print '(3i3)', a(1,:)
--              print '(3i3)', a(2,:)
--              print '(3i3)', a(3,:)
--          end program test_eoshift
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: EPSILON,  Next: ERF,  Prev: EOSHIFT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.63 `EPSILON' -- Epsilon function
--==================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `EPSILON(X)' returns the smallest number E of the same kind as X
--     such that 1 + E > 1.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = EPSILON(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of same type as the argument.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_epsilon
--              real :: x = 3.143
--              real(8) :: y = 2.33
--              print *, EPSILON(x)
--              print *, EPSILON(y)
--          end program test_epsilon
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ERF,  Next: ERFC,  Prev: EPSILON,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.64 `ERF' -- Error function
--============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ERF(X)' computes the error function of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ERF(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL', of the same kind as X and lies
--     in the range -1 \leq erf (x) \leq 1 .
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_erf
--            real(8) :: x = 0.17_8
--            x = erf(x)
--          end program test_erf
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DERF(X)'     `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     GNU extension
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ERFC,  Next: ERFC_SCALED,  Prev: ERF,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.65 `ERFC' -- Error function
--=============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ERFC(X)' computes the complementary error function of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ERFC(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' and of the same kind as X.  It
--     lies in the range  0 \leq erfc (x) \leq 2 .
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_erfc
--            real(8) :: x = 0.17_8
--            x = erfc(x)
--          end program test_erfc
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DERFC(X)'    `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     GNU extension
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ERFC_SCALED,  Next: ETIME,  Prev: ERFC,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.66 `ERFC_SCALED' -- Error function
--====================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ERFC_SCALED(X)' computes the exponentially-scaled complementary
--     error function of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ERFC_SCALED(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' and of the same kind as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_erfc_scaled
--            real(8) :: x = 0.17_8
--            x = erfc_scaled(x)
--          end program test_erfc_scaled
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ETIME,  Next: EXIT,  Prev: ERFC_SCALED,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.67 `ETIME' -- Execution time subroutine (or function)
--=======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ETIME(TARRAY, RESULT)' returns the number of seconds of runtime
--     since the start of the process's execution in RESULT.  TARRAY
--     returns the user and system components of this time in `TARRAY(1)'
--     and `TARRAY(2)' respectively. RESULT is equal to `TARRAY(1) +
--     TARRAY(2)'.
--
--     On some systems, the underlying timings are represented using
--     types with sufficiently small limits that overflows (wrap around)
--     are possible, such as 32-bit types. Therefore, the values returned
--     by this intrinsic might be, or become, negative, or numerically
--     less than previous values, during a single run of the compiled
--     program.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--     TARRAY and RESULT are `INTENT(OUT)' and provide the following:
--
--                `TARRAY(1)':         User time in seconds.
--                `TARRAY(2)':         System time in seconds.
--                `RESULT':            Run time since start in seconds.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL ETIME(TARRAY, RESULT)'.
--     `RESULT = ETIME(TARRAY)', (not recommended).
--
--_Arguments_:
--     TARRAY     The type shall be `REAL, DIMENSION(2)'.
--     RESULT     The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Elapsed time in seconds since the start of program execution.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_etime
--              integer(8) :: i, j
--              real, dimension(2) :: tarray
--              real :: result
--              call ETIME(tarray, result)
--              print *, result
--              print *, tarray(1)
--              print *, tarray(2)
--              do i=1,100000000    ! Just a delay
--                  j = i * i - i
--              end do
--              call ETIME(tarray, result)
--              print *, result
--              print *, tarray(1)
--              print *, tarray(2)
--          end program test_etime
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CPU_TIME::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: EXIT,  Next: EXP,  Prev: ETIME,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.68 `EXIT' -- Exit the program with status.
--============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `EXIT' causes immediate termination of the program with status.
--     If status is omitted it returns the canonical _success_ for the
--     system.  All Fortran I/O units are closed.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL EXIT([STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STATUS     Shall be an `INTEGER' of the default kind.
--
--_Return value_:
--     `STATUS' is passed to the parent process on exit.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_exit
--            integer :: STATUS = 0
--            print *, 'This program is going to exit.'
--            call EXIT(STATUS)
--          end program test_exit
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ABORT::, *note KILL::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: EXP,  Next: EXPONENT,  Prev: EXIT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.69 `EXP' -- Exponential function
--==================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `EXP(X)' computes the base e exponential of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = EXP(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value has same type and kind as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_exp
--            real :: x = 1.0
--            x = exp(x)
--          end program test_exp
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DEXP(X)'     `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--     `CEXP(X)'     `COMPLEX(4)   `COMPLEX(4)'  Fortran 77 and
--                   X'                          later
--     `ZEXP(X)'     `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  GNU extension
--                   X'                          
--     `CDEXP(X)'    `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  GNU extension
--                   X'                          
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: EXPONENT,  Next: FDATE,  Prev: EXP,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.70 `EXPONENT' -- Exponent function
--====================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `EXPONENT(X)' returns the value of the exponent part of X. If X is
--     zero the value returned is zero.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = EXPONENT(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type default `INTEGER'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_exponent
--            real :: x = 1.0
--            integer :: i
--            i = exponent(x)
--            print *, i
--            print *, exponent(0.0)
--          end program test_exponent
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FDATE,  Next: FGET,  Prev: EXPONENT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.71 `FDATE' -- Get the current time as a string
--================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `FDATE(DATE)' returns the current date (using the same format as
--     `CTIME') in DATE. It is equivalent to `CALL CTIME(DATE, TIME())'.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--     DATE is an `INTENT(OUT)' `CHARACTER' variable of the default kind.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL FDATE(DATE)'.
--     `DATE = FDATE()', (not recommended).
--
--_Arguments_:
--     DATE       The type shall be of type `CHARACTER' of the
--                default kind
--
--_Return value_:
--     The current date as a string.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_fdate
--              integer(8) :: i, j
--              character(len=30) :: date
--              call fdate(date)
--              print *, 'Program started on ', date
--              do i = 1, 100000000 ! Just a delay
--                  j = i * i - i
--              end do
--              call fdate(date)
--              print *, 'Program ended on ', date
--          end program test_fdate
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FLOAT,  Next: FLOOR,  Prev: FGETC,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.72 `FLOAT' -- Convert integer to default real
--===============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `FLOAT(A)' converts the integer A to a default real value.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = FLOAT(A)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type default `REAL'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_float
--              integer :: i = 1
--              if (float(i) /= 1.) call abort
--          end program test_float
--
--_See also_:
--     *note DBLE::, *note DFLOAT::, *note REAL::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FGET,  Next: FGETC,  Prev: FDATE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.73 `FGET' -- Read a single character in stream mode from stdin
--================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Read a single character in stream mode from stdin by bypassing
--     normal formatted output. Stream I/O should not be mixed with
--     normal record-oriented (formatted or unformatted) I/O on the same
--     unit; the results are unpredictable.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--     Note that the `FGET' intrinsic is provided for backwards
--     compatibility with `g77'.  GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003
--     Stream facility.  Programmers should consider the use of new
--     stream IO feature in new code for future portability. See also
--     *note Fortran 2003 status::.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL FGET(C [, STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     C          The type shall be `CHARACTER' and of default
--                kind.
--     STATUS     (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER'.
--                Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file, and a
--                system specific positive error code otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_fget
--            INTEGER, PARAMETER :: strlen = 100
--            INTEGER :: status, i = 1
--            CHARACTER(len=strlen) :: str = ""
--
--            WRITE (*,*) 'Enter text:'
--            DO
--              CALL fget(str(i:i), status)
--              if (status /= 0 .OR. i > strlen) exit
--              i = i + 1
--            END DO
--            WRITE (*,*) TRIM(str)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note FGETC::, *note FPUT::, *note FPUTC::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FGETC,  Next: FLOAT,  Prev: FGET,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.74 `FGETC' -- Read a single character in stream mode
--======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Read a single character in stream mode by bypassing normal
--     formatted output.  Stream I/O should not be mixed with normal
--     record-oriented (formatted or unformatted) I/O on the same unit;
--     the results are unpredictable.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--     Note that the `FGET' intrinsic is provided for backwards
--     compatibility with `g77'.  GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003
--     Stream facility.  Programmers should consider the use of new
--     stream IO feature in new code for future portability. See also
--     *note Fortran 2003 status::.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL FGETC(UNIT, C [, STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     UNIT       The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     C          The type shall be `CHARACTER' and of default
--                kind.
--     STATUS     (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER'.
--                Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file and a
--                system specific positive error code otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_fgetc
--            INTEGER :: fd = 42, status
--            CHARACTER :: c
--
--            OPEN(UNIT=fd, FILE="/etc/passwd", ACTION="READ", STATUS = "OLD")
--            DO
--              CALL fgetc(fd, c, status)
--              IF (status /= 0) EXIT
--              call fput(c)
--            END DO
--            CLOSE(UNIT=fd)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note FGET::, *note FPUT::, *note FPUTC::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FLOOR,  Next: FLUSH,  Prev: FLOAT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.75 `FLOOR' -- Integer floor function
--======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `FLOOR(A)' returns the greatest integer less than or equal to X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = FLOOR(A [, KIND])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          The type shall be `REAL'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER(KIND)' if KIND is present and
--     of default-kind `INTEGER' otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_floor
--              real :: x = 63.29
--              real :: y = -63.59
--              print *, floor(x) ! returns 63
--              print *, floor(y) ! returns -64
--          end program test_floor
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CEILING::, *note NINT::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FLUSH,  Next: FNUM,  Prev: FLOOR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.76 `FLUSH' -- Flush I/O unit(s)
--=================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Flushes Fortran unit(s) currently open for output. Without the
--     optional argument, all units are flushed, otherwise just the unit
--     specified.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL FLUSH(UNIT)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     UNIT       (Optional) The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Note_:
--     Beginning with the Fortran 2003 standard, there is a `FLUSH'
--     statement that should be preferred over the `FLUSH' intrinsic.
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FNUM,  Next: FPUT,  Prev: FLUSH,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.77 `FNUM' -- File number function
--===================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `FNUM(UNIT)' returns the POSIX file descriptor number
--     corresponding to the open Fortran I/O unit `UNIT'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = FNUM(UNIT)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     UNIT       The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER'
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_fnum
--            integer :: i
--            open (unit=10, status = "scratch")
--            i = fnum(10)
--            print *, i
--            close (10)
--          end program test_fnum
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FPUT,  Next: FPUTC,  Prev: FNUM,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.78 `FPUT' -- Write a single character in stream mode to stdout
--================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Write a single character in stream mode to stdout by bypassing
--     normal formatted output. Stream I/O should not be mixed with
--     normal record-oriented (formatted or unformatted) I/O on the same
--     unit; the results are unpredictable.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--     Note that the `FGET' intrinsic is provided for backwards
--     compatibility with `g77'.  GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003
--     Stream facility.  Programmers should consider the use of new
--     stream IO feature in new code for future portability. See also
--     *note Fortran 2003 status::.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL FPUT(C [, STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     C          The type shall be `CHARACTER' and of default
--                kind.
--     STATUS     (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER'.
--                Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file and a
--                system specific positive error code otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_fput
--            CHARACTER(len=10) :: str = "gfortran"
--            INTEGER :: i
--            DO i = 1, len_trim(str)
--              CALL fput(str(i:i))
--            END DO
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note FPUTC::, *note FGET::, *note FGETC::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FPUTC,  Next: FRACTION,  Prev: FPUT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.79 `FPUTC' -- Write a single character in stream mode
--=======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Write a single character in stream mode by bypassing normal
--     formatted output. Stream I/O should not be mixed with normal
--     record-oriented (formatted or unformatted) I/O on the same unit;
--     the results are unpredictable.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--     Note that the `FGET' intrinsic is provided for backwards
--     compatibility with `g77'.  GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003
--     Stream facility.  Programmers should consider the use of new
--     stream IO feature in new code for future portability. See also
--     *note Fortran 2003 status::.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL FPUTC(UNIT, C [, STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     UNIT       The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     C          The type shall be `CHARACTER' and of default
--                kind.
--     STATUS     (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER'.
--                Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file and a
--                system specific positive error code otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_fputc
--            CHARACTER(len=10) :: str = "gfortran"
--            INTEGER :: fd = 42, i
--
--            OPEN(UNIT = fd, FILE = "out", ACTION = "WRITE", STATUS="NEW")
--            DO i = 1, len_trim(str)
--              CALL fputc(fd, str(i:i))
--            END DO
--            CLOSE(fd)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note FPUT::, *note FGET::, *note FGETC::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FRACTION,  Next: FREE,  Prev: FPUTC,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.80 `FRACTION' -- Fractional part of the model representation
--==============================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `FRACTION(X)' returns the fractional part of the model
--     representation of `X'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `Y = FRACTION(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type of the argument shall be a `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of the same type and kind as the argument.
--     The fractional part of the model representation of `X' is returned;
--     it is `X * RADIX(X)**(-EXPONENT(X))'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_fraction
--            real :: x
--            x = 178.1387e-4
--            print *, fraction(x), x * radix(x)**(-exponent(x))
--          end program test_fraction
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FREE,  Next: FSEEK,  Prev: FRACTION,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.81 `FREE' -- Frees memory
--===========================
--
--_Description_:
--     Frees memory previously allocated by `MALLOC()'. The `FREE'
--     intrinsic is an extension intended to be used with Cray pointers,
--     and is provided in GNU Fortran to allow user to compile legacy
--     code. For new code using Fortran 95 pointers, the memory
--     de-allocation intrinsic is `DEALLOCATE'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL FREE(PTR)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     PTR        The type shall be `INTEGER'. It represents the
--                location of the memory that should be
--                de-allocated.
--
--_Return value_:
--     None
--
--_Example_:
--     See `MALLOC' for an example.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note MALLOC::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FSEEK,  Next: FSTAT,  Prev: FREE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.82 `FSEEK' -- Low level file positioning subroutine
--=====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Moves UNIT to the specified OFFSET. If WHENCE is set to 0, the
--     OFFSET is taken as an absolute value `SEEK_SET', if set to 1,
--     OFFSET is taken to be relative to the current position `SEEK_CUR',
--     and if set to 2 relative to the end of the file `SEEK_END'.  On
--     error, STATUS is set to a nonzero value. If STATUS the seek fails
--     silently.
--
--     This intrinsic routine is not fully backwards compatible with
--     `g77'.  In `g77', the `FSEEK' takes a statement label instead of a
--     STATUS variable. If FSEEK is used in old code, change
--            CALL FSEEK(UNIT, OFFSET, WHENCE, *label)
--     to
--            INTEGER :: status
--            CALL FSEEK(UNIT, OFFSET, WHENCE, status)
--            IF (status /= 0) GOTO label
--
--     Please note that GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 Stream
--     facility.  Programmers should consider the use of new stream IO
--     feature in new code for future portability. See also *note Fortran
--     2003 status::.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL FSEEK(UNIT, OFFSET, WHENCE[, STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     UNIT       Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'.
--     OFFSET     Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'.
--     WHENCE     Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'.  Its
--                value shall be either 0, 1 or 2.
--     STATUS     (Optional) shall be a scalar of type
--                `INTEGER(4)'.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_fseek
--            INTEGER, PARAMETER :: SEEK_SET = 0, SEEK_CUR = 1, SEEK_END = 2
--            INTEGER :: fd, offset, ierr
--
--            ierr   = 0
--            offset = 5
--            fd     = 10
--
--            OPEN(UNIT=fd, FILE="fseek.test")
--            CALL FSEEK(fd, offset, SEEK_SET, ierr)  ! move to OFFSET
--            print *, FTELL(fd), ierr
--
--            CALL FSEEK(fd, 0, SEEK_END, ierr)       ! move to end
--            print *, FTELL(fd), ierr
--
--            CALL FSEEK(fd, 0, SEEK_SET, ierr)       ! move to beginning
--            print *, FTELL(fd), ierr
--
--            CLOSE(UNIT=fd)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note FTELL::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FSTAT,  Next: FTELL,  Prev: FSEEK,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.83 `FSTAT' -- Get file status
--===============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `FSTAT' is identical to *note STAT::, except that information
--     about an already opened file is obtained.
--
--     The elements in `BUFF' are the same as described by *note STAT::.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL FSTAT(UNIT, BUFF [, STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     UNIT       An open I/O unit number of type `INTEGER'.
--     BUFF       The type shall be `INTEGER(4), DIMENSION(13)'.
--     STATUS     (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER(4)'.
--                Returns 0 on success and a system specific
--                error code otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--     See *note STAT:: for an example.
--
--_See also_:
--     To stat a link: *note LSTAT::, to stat a file: *note STAT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: FTELL,  Next: GAMMA,  Prev: FSTAT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.84 `FTELL' -- Current stream position
--=======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Retrieves the current position within an open file.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL FTELL(UNIT, OFFSET)'
--     `OFFSET = FTELL(UNIT)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     OFFSET     Shall of type `INTEGER'.
--     UNIT       Shall of type `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     In either syntax, OFFSET is set to the current offset of unit
--     number UNIT, or to -1 if the unit is not currently open.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_ftell
--            INTEGER :: i
--            OPEN(10, FILE="temp.dat")
--            CALL ftell(10,i)
--            WRITE(*,*) i
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note FSEEK::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GAMMA,  Next: GERROR,  Prev: FTELL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.85 `GAMMA' -- Gamma function
--==============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `GAMMA(X)' computes Gamma (\Gamma) of X. For positive, integer
--     values of X the Gamma function simplifies to the factorial
--     function \Gamma(x)=(x-1)!.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `X = GAMMA(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `REAL' and neither zero nor a
--                negative integer.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' of the same kind as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_gamma
--            real :: x = 1.0
--            x = gamma(x) ! returns 1.0
--          end program test_gamma
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `GAMMA(X)'    `REAL(4) X'   `REAL(4)'     GNU Extension
--     `DGAMMA(X)'   `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     GNU Extension
--
--_See also_:
--     Logarithm of the Gamma function: *note LOG_GAMMA::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GERROR,  Next: GETARG,  Prev: GAMMA,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.86 `GERROR' -- Get last system error message
--==============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the system error message corresponding to the last system
--     error.  This resembles the functionality of `strerror(3)' in C.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL GERROR(RESULT)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     RESULT     Shall of type `CHARACTER' and of default
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_gerror
--            CHARACTER(len=100) :: msg
--            CALL gerror(msg)
--            WRITE(*,*) msg
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note IERRNO::, *note PERROR::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GETARG,  Next: GET_COMMAND,  Prev: GERROR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.87 `GETARG' -- Get command line arguments
--===========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Retrieve the POS-th argument that was passed on the command line
--     when the containing program was invoked.
--
--     This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with
--     GNU Fortran 77.  In new code, programmers should consider the use
--     of the *note GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT:: intrinsic defined by the
--     Fortran 2003 standard.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL GETARG(POS, VALUE)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     POS        Shall be of type `INTEGER' and not wider than
--                the default integer kind; POS \geq 0
--     VALUE      Shall be of type `CHARACTER' and of default
--                kind.
--     VALUE      Shall be of type `CHARACTER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     After `GETARG' returns, the VALUE argument holds the POSth command
--     line argument. If VALUE can not hold the argument, it is truncated
--     to fit the length of VALUE. If there are less than POS arguments
--     specified at the command line, VALUE will be filled with blanks.
--     If POS = 0, VALUE is set to the name of the program (on systems
--     that support this feature).
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_getarg
--            INTEGER :: i
--            CHARACTER(len=32) :: arg
--
--            DO i = 1, iargc()
--              CALL getarg(i, arg)
--              WRITE (*,*) arg
--            END DO
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     GNU Fortran 77 compatibility function: *note IARGC::
--
--     Fortran 2003 functions and subroutines: *note GET_COMMAND::, *note
--     GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT::, *note COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GET_COMMAND,  Next: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT,  Prev: GETARG,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.88 `GET_COMMAND' -- Get the entire command line
--=================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Retrieve the entire command line that was used to invoke the
--     program.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL GET_COMMAND(COMMAND)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     COMMAND    Shall be of type `CHARACTER' and of default
--                kind.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Stores the entire command line that was used to invoke the program
--     in COMMAND. If COMMAND is not large enough, the command will be
--     truncated.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_get_command
--            CHARACTER(len=255) :: cmd
--            CALL get_command(cmd)
--            WRITE (*,*) TRIM(cmd)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT::, *note COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT,  Next: GETCWD,  Prev: GET_COMMAND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.89 `GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT' -- Get command line arguments
--=========================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Retrieve the NUMBER-th argument that was passed on the command
--     line when the containing program was invoked.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT(NUMBER [, VALUE, LENGTH, STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     NUMBER     Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER(4)', NUMBER
--                \geq 0
--     VALUE      Shall be a scalar of type `CHARACTER' and of
--                default kind.
--     LENGTH     (Option) Shall be a scalar of type
--                `INTEGER(4)'.
--     STATUS     (Option) Shall be a scalar of type
--                `INTEGER(4)'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     After `GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT' returns, the VALUE argument holds the
--     NUMBER-th command line argument. If VALUE can not hold the
--     argument, it is truncated to fit the length of VALUE. If there are
--     less than NUMBER arguments specified at the command line, VALUE
--     will be filled with blanks.  If NUMBER = 0, VALUE is set to the
--     name of the program (on systems that support this feature). The
--     LENGTH argument contains the length of the NUMBER-th command line
--     argument. If the argument retrieval fails, STATUS is a positive
--     number; if VALUE contains a truncated command line argument,
--     STATUS is -1; and otherwise the STATUS is zero.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_get_command_argument
--            INTEGER :: i
--            CHARACTER(len=32) :: arg
--
--            i = 0
--            DO
--              CALL get_command_argument(i, arg)
--              IF (LEN_TRIM(arg) == 0) EXIT
--
--              WRITE (*,*) TRIM(arg)
--              i = i+1
--            END DO
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note GET_COMMAND::, *note COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GETCWD,  Next: GETENV,  Prev: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.90 `GETCWD' -- Get current working directory
--==============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Get current working directory.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL GETCWD(C [, STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     C          The type shall be `CHARACTER' and of default
--                kind.
--     STATUS     (Optional) status flag. Returns 0 on success,
--                a system specific and nonzero error code
--                otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_getcwd
--            CHARACTER(len=255) :: cwd
--            CALL getcwd(cwd)
--            WRITE(*,*) TRIM(cwd)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CHDIR::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GETENV,  Next: GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE,  Prev: GETCWD,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.91 `GETENV' -- Get an environmental variable
--==============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Get the VALUE of the environmental variable NAME.
--
--     This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with
--     GNU Fortran 77.  In new code, programmers should consider the use
--     of the *note GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE:: intrinsic defined by the
--     Fortran 2003 standard.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL GETENV(NAME, VALUE)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     NAME       Shall be of type `CHARACTER' and of default
--                kind.
--     VALUE      Shall be of type `CHARACTER' and of default
--                kind.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Stores the value of NAME in VALUE. If VALUE is not large enough to
--     hold the data, it is truncated. If NAME is not set, VALUE will be
--     filled with blanks.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_getenv
--            CHARACTER(len=255) :: homedir
--            CALL getenv("HOME", homedir)
--            WRITE (*,*) TRIM(homedir)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE,  Next: GETGID,  Prev: GETENV,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.92 `GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE' -- Get an environmental variable
--================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Get the VALUE of the environmental variable NAME.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE(NAME[, VALUE, LENGTH, STATUS,
--     TRIM_NAME)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     NAME       Shall be a scalar of type `CHARACTER(1)'.
--     VALUE      Shall be a scalar of type `CHARACTER(1)'.
--     LENGTH     Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER(4)'.
--     STATUS     Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER(4)'.
--     TRIM_NAME  Shall be a scalar of type `LOGICAL(4)'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Stores the value of NAME in VALUE. If VALUE is not large enough to
--     hold the data, it is truncated. If NAME is not set, VALUE will be
--     filled with blanks. Argument LENGTH contains the length needed for
--     storing the environment variable NAME or zero if it is not
--     present. STATUS is -1 if VALUE is present but too short for the
--     environment variable; it is 1 if the environment variable does not
--     exist and 2 if the processor does not support environment
--     variables; in all other cases STATUS is zero. If TRIM_NAME is
--     present with the value `.FALSE.', the trailing blanks in NAME are
--     significant; otherwise they are not part of the environment
--     variable name.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_getenv
--            CHARACTER(len=255) :: homedir
--            CALL get_environment_variable("HOME", homedir)
--            WRITE (*,*) TRIM(homedir)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GETGID,  Next: GETLOG,  Prev: GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.93 `GETGID' -- Group ID function
--==================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the numerical group ID of the current process.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = GETGID()'
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value of `GETGID' is an `INTEGER' of the default kind.
--
--_Example_:
--     See `GETPID' for an example.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note GETPID::, *note GETUID::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GETLOG,  Next: GETPID,  Prev: GETGID,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.94 `GETLOG' -- Get login name
--===============================
--
--_Description_:
--     Gets the username under which the program is running.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL GETLOG(C)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     C          Shall be of type `CHARACTER' and of default
--                kind.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Stores the current user name in LOGIN.  (On systems where POSIX
--     functions `geteuid' and `getpwuid' are not available, and the
--     `getlogin' function is not implemented either, this will return a
--     blank string.)
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM TEST_GETLOG
--            CHARACTER(32) :: login
--            CALL GETLOG(login)
--            WRITE(*,*) login
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note GETUID::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GETPID,  Next: GETUID,  Prev: GETLOG,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.95 `GETPID' -- Process ID function
--====================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the numerical process identifier of the current process.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = GETPID()'
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value of `GETPID' is an `INTEGER' of the default kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          program info
--            print *, "The current process ID is ", getpid()
--            print *, "Your numerical user ID is ", getuid()
--            print *, "Your numerical group ID is ", getgid()
--          end program info
--
--_See also_:
--     *note GETGID::, *note GETUID::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GETUID,  Next: GMTIME,  Prev: GETPID,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.96 `GETUID' -- User ID function
--=================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the numerical user ID of the current process.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = GETUID()'
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value of `GETUID' is an `INTEGER' of the default kind.
--
--_Example_:
--     See `GETPID' for an example.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note GETPID::, *note GETLOG::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GMTIME,  Next: HOSTNM,  Prev: GETUID,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.97 `GMTIME' -- Convert time to GMT info
--=========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Given a system time value TIME (as provided by the `TIME8()'
--     intrinsic), fills VALUES with values extracted from it appropriate
--     to the UTC time zone (Universal Coordinated Time, also known in
--     some countries as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time), using `gmtime(3)'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL GMTIME(TIME, VALUES)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     TIME       An `INTEGER' scalar expression corresponding
--                to a system time, with `INTENT(IN)'.
--     VALUES     A default `INTEGER' array with 9 elements,
--                with `INTENT(OUT)'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The elements of VALUES are assigned as follows:
--       1. Seconds after the minute, range 0-59 or 0-61 to allow for leap
--          seconds
--
--       2. Minutes after the hour, range 0-59
--
--       3. Hours past midnight, range 0-23
--
--       4. Day of month, range 0-31
--
--       5. Number of months since January, range 0-12
--
--       6. Years since 1900
--
--       7. Number of days since Sunday, range 0-6
--
--       8. Days since January 1
--
--       9. Daylight savings indicator: positive if daylight savings is in
--          effect, zero if not, and negative if the information is not
--          available.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note TIME::, *note TIME8::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: HOSTNM,  Next: HUGE,  Prev: GMTIME,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.98 `HOSTNM' -- Get system host name
--=====================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Retrieves the host name of the system on which the program is
--     running.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL HOSTNM(C [, STATUS])'
--     `STATUS = HOSTNM(NAME)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     C          Shall of type `CHARACTER' and of default kind.
--     STATUS     (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER'.
--                Returns 0 on success, or a system specific
--                error code otherwise.
--
--_Return value_:
--     In either syntax, NAME is set to the current hostname if it can be
--     obtained, or to a blank string otherwise.
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: HUGE,  Next: HYPOT,  Prev: HOSTNM,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.99 `HUGE' -- Largest number of a kind
--=======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `HUGE(X)' returns the largest number that is not an infinity in
--     the model of the type of `X'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = HUGE(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `REAL' or `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of the same type and kind as X
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_huge_tiny
--            print *, huge(0), huge(0.0), huge(0.0d0)
--            print *, tiny(0.0), tiny(0.0d0)
--          end program test_huge_tiny
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: HYPOT,  Next: IACHAR,  Prev: HUGE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.100 `HYPOT' -- Euclidean distance function
--============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `HYPOT(X,Y)' is the Euclidean distance function. It is equal to
--     \sqrtX^2 + Y^2, without undue underflow or overflow.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = HYPOT(X, Y)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--     Y          The type and kind type parameter shall be the
--                same as X.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value has the same type and kind type parameter as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_hypot
--            real(4) :: x = 1.e0_4, y = 0.5e0_4
--            x = hypot(x,y)
--          end program test_hypot
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IACHAR,  Next: IAND,  Prev: HYPOT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.101 `IACHAR' -- Code in ASCII collating sequence
--==================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `IACHAR(C)' returns the code for the ASCII character in the first
--     character position of `C'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = IACHAR(C [, KIND])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     C          Shall be a scalar `CHARACTER', with
--                `INTENT(IN)'
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is
--     absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_iachar
--            integer i
--            i = iachar(' ')
--          end program test_iachar
--
--_Note_:
--     See *note ICHAR:: for a discussion of converting between numerical
--     values and formatted string representations.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ACHAR::, *note CHAR::, *note ICHAR::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IAND,  Next: IARGC,  Prev: IACHAR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.102 `IAND' -- Bitwise logical and
--===================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Bitwise logical `AND'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = IAND(I, J)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     J          The type shall be `INTEGER', of the same kind
--                as I.  (As a GNU extension, different kinds
--                are also permitted.)
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return type is `INTEGER', of the same kind as the arguments.
--     (If the argument kinds differ, it is of the same kind as the
--     larger argument.)
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_iand
--            INTEGER :: a, b
--            DATA a / Z'F' /, b / Z'3' /
--            WRITE (*,*) IAND(a, b)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note IOR::, *note IEOR::, *note IBITS::, *note IBSET::, *note
--     IBCLR::, *note NOT::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IARGC,  Next: IBCLR,  Prev: IAND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.103 `IARGC' -- Get the number of command line arguments
--=========================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `IARGC()' returns the number of arguments passed on the command
--     line when the containing program was invoked.
--
--     This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with
--     GNU Fortran 77.  In new code, programmers should consider the use
--     of the *note COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT:: intrinsic defined by the
--     Fortran 2003 standard.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = IARGC()'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     None.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The number of command line arguments, type `INTEGER(4)'.
--
--_Example_:
--     See *note GETARG::
--
--_See also_:
--     GNU Fortran 77 compatibility subroutine: *note GETARG::
--
--     Fortran 2003 functions and subroutines: *note GET_COMMAND::, *note
--     GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT::, *note COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IBCLR,  Next: IBITS,  Prev: IARGC,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.104 `IBCLR' -- Clear bit
--==========================
--
--_Description_:
--     `IBCLR' returns the value of I with the bit at position POS set to
--     zero.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = IBCLR(I, POS)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     POS        The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note IBITS::, *note IBSET::, *note IAND::, *note IOR::, *note
--     IEOR::, *note MVBITS::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IBITS,  Next: IBSET,  Prev: IBCLR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.105 `IBITS' -- Bit extraction
--===============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `IBITS' extracts a field of length LEN from I, starting from bit
--     position POS and extending left for LEN bits.  The result is
--     right-justified and the remaining bits are zeroed.  The value of
--     `POS+LEN' must be less than or equal to the value `BIT_SIZE(I)'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = IBITS(I, POS, LEN)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     POS        The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     LEN        The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note BIT_SIZE::, *note IBCLR::, *note IBSET::, *note IAND::,
--     *note IOR::, *note IEOR::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IBSET,  Next: ICHAR,  Prev: IBITS,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.106 `IBSET' -- Set bit
--========================
--
--_Description_:
--     `IBSET' returns the value of I with the bit at position POS set to
--     one.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = IBSET(I, POS)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     POS        The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note IBCLR::, *note IBITS::, *note IAND::, *note IOR::, *note
--     IEOR::, *note MVBITS::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ICHAR,  Next: IDATE,  Prev: IBSET,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.107 `ICHAR' -- Character-to-integer conversion function
--=========================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ICHAR(C)' returns the code for the character in the first
--     character position of `C' in the system's native character set.
--     The correspondence between characters and their codes is not
--     necessarily the same across different GNU Fortran implementations.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortan 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ICHAR(C [, KIND])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     C          Shall be a scalar `CHARACTER', with
--                `INTENT(IN)'
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is
--     absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_ichar
--            integer i
--            i = ichar(' ')
--          end program test_ichar
--
--_Note_:
--     No intrinsic exists to convert between a numeric value and a
--     formatted character string representation - for instance, given the
--     `CHARACTER' value `'154'', obtaining an `INTEGER' or `REAL' value
--     with the value 154, or vice versa. Instead, this functionality is
--     provided by internal-file I/O, as in the following example:
--          program read_val
--            integer value
--            character(len=10) string, string2
--            string = '154'
--
--            ! Convert a string to a numeric value
--            read (string,'(I10)') value
--            print *, value
--
--            ! Convert a value to a formatted string
--            write (string2,'(I10)') value
--            print *, string2
--          end program read_val
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ACHAR::, *note CHAR::, *note IACHAR::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IDATE,  Next: IEOR,  Prev: ICHAR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.108 `IDATE' -- Get current local time subroutine (day/month/year)
--===================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `IDATE(TARRAY)' Fills TARRAY with the numerical values at the
--     current local time. The day (in the range 1-31), month (in the
--     range 1-12), and year appear in elements 1, 2, and 3 of TARRAY,
--     respectively.  The year has four significant digits.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL IDATE(VALUES)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     VALUES     The type shall be `INTEGER, DIMENSION(3)' and
--                the kind shall be the default integer kind.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Does not return anything.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_idate
--            integer, dimension(3) :: tarray
--            call idate(tarray)
--            print *, tarray(1)
--            print *, tarray(2)
--            print *, tarray(3)
--          end program test_idate
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IEOR,  Next: IERRNO,  Prev: IDATE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.109 `IEOR' -- Bitwise logical exclusive or
--============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `IEOR' returns the bitwise boolean exclusive-OR of I and J.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = IEOR(I, J)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     J          The type shall be `INTEGER', of the same kind
--                as I.  (As a GNU extension, different kinds
--                are also permitted.)
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return type is `INTEGER', of the same kind as the arguments.
--     (If the argument kinds differ, it is of the same kind as the
--     larger argument.)
--
--_See also_:
--     *note IOR::, *note IAND::, *note IBITS::, *note IBSET::, *note
--     IBCLR::, *note NOT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IERRNO,  Next: INDEX intrinsic,  Prev: IEOR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.110 `IERRNO' -- Get the last system error number
--==================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the last system error number, as given by the C `errno()'
--     function.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = IERRNO()'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     None.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer
--     kind.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note PERROR::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: INDEX intrinsic,  Next: INT,  Prev: IERRNO,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.111 `INDEX' -- Position of a substring within a string
--========================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the position of the start of the first occurrence of string
--     SUBSTRING as a substring in STRING, counting from one.  If
--     SUBSTRING is not present in STRING, zero is returned.  If the BACK
--     argument is present and true, the return value is the start of the
--     last occurrence rather than the first.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = INDEX(STRING, SUBSTRING [, BACK [, KIND]])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING     Shall be a scalar `CHARACTER', with
--                `INTENT(IN)'
--     SUBSTRING  Shall be a scalar `CHARACTER', with
--                `INTENT(IN)'
--     BACK       (Optional) Shall be a scalar `LOGICAL', with
--                `INTENT(IN)'
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is
--     absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note SCAN::, *note VERIFY::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: INT,  Next: INT2,  Prev: INDEX intrinsic,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.112 `INT' -- Convert to integer type
--======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Convert to integer type
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = INT(A [, KIND))'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          Shall be of type `INTEGER', `REAL', or
--                `COMPLEX'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     These functions return a `INTEGER' variable or array under the
--     following rules:
--
--    (A)
--          If A is of type `INTEGER', `INT(A) = A'
--
--    (B)
--          If A is of type `REAL' and |A| < 1, `INT(A)' equals `0'.  If
--          |A| \geq 1, then `INT(A)' equals the largest integer that
--          does not exceed the range of A and whose sign is the same as
--          the sign of A.
--
--    (C)
--          If A is of type `COMPLEX', rule B is applied to the real part
--          of A.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_int
--            integer :: i = 42
--            complex :: z = (-3.7, 1.0)
--            print *, int(i)
--            print *, int(z), int(z,8)
--          end program
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `IFIX(A)'     `REAL(4) A'   `INTEGER'     Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--     `IDINT(A)'    `REAL(8) A'   `INTEGER'     Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: INT2,  Next: INT8,  Prev: INT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.113 `INT2' -- Convert to 16-bit integer type
--==============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Convert to a `KIND=2' integer type. This is equivalent to the
--     standard `INT' intrinsic with an optional argument of `KIND=2',
--     and is only included for backwards compatibility.
--
--     The `SHORT' intrinsic is equivalent to `INT2'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = INT2(A)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          Shall be of type `INTEGER', `REAL', or
--                `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a `INTEGER(2)' variable.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note INT::, *note INT8::, *note LONG::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: INT8,  Next: IOR,  Prev: INT2,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.114 `INT8' -- Convert to 64-bit integer type
--==============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Convert to a `KIND=8' integer type. This is equivalent to the
--     standard `INT' intrinsic with an optional argument of `KIND=8',
--     and is only included for backwards compatibility.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = INT8(A)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          Shall be of type `INTEGER', `REAL', or
--                `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a `INTEGER(8)' variable.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note INT::, *note INT2::, *note LONG::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IOR,  Next: IRAND,  Prev: INT8,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.115 `IOR' -- Bitwise logical or
--=================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `IOR' returns the bitwise boolean inclusive-OR of I and J.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = IOR(I, J)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     J          The type shall be `INTEGER', of the same kind
--                as I.  (As a GNU extension, different kinds
--                are also permitted.)
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return type is `INTEGER', of the same kind as the arguments.
--     (If the argument kinds differ, it is of the same kind as the
--     larger argument.)
--
--_See also_:
--     *note IEOR::, *note IAND::, *note IBITS::, *note IBSET::, *note
--     IBCLR::, *note NOT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IRAND,  Next: IS_IOSTAT_END,  Prev: IOR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.116 `IRAND' -- Integer pseudo-random number
--=============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `IRAND(FLAG)' returns a pseudo-random number from a uniform
--     distribution between 0 and a system-dependent limit (which is in
--     most cases 2147483647). If FLAG is 0, the next number in the
--     current sequence is returned; if FLAG is 1, the generator is
--     restarted by `CALL SRAND(0)'; if FLAG has any other value, it is
--     used as a new seed with `SRAND'.
--
--     This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with
--     GNU Fortran 77. It implements a simple modulo generator as provided
--     by `g77'. For new code, one should consider the use of *note
--     RANDOM_NUMBER:: as it implements a superior algorithm.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = IRAND(I)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          Shall be a scalar `INTEGER' of kind 4.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of `INTEGER(kind=4)' type.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_irand
--            integer,parameter :: seed = 86456
--
--            call srand(seed)
--            print *, irand(), irand(), irand(), irand()
--            print *, irand(seed), irand(), irand(), irand()
--          end program test_irand
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IS_IOSTAT_END,  Next: IS_IOSTAT_EOR,  Prev: IRAND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.117 `IS_IOSTAT_END' -- Test for end-of-file value
--===================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `IS_IOSTAT_END' tests whether an variable has the value of the I/O
--     status "end of file". The function is equivalent to comparing the
--     variable with the `IOSTAT_END' parameter of the intrinsic module
--     `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = IS_IOSTAT_END(I)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          Shall be of the type `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns a `LOGICAL' of the default kind, which `.TRUE.' if I has
--     the value which indicates an end of file condition for IOSTAT=
--     specifiers, and is `.FALSE.' otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM iostat
--            IMPLICIT NONE
--            INTEGER :: stat, i
--            OPEN(88, FILE='test.dat')
--            READ(88, *, IOSTAT=stat) i
--            IF(IS_IOSTAT_END(stat)) STOP 'END OF FILE'
--          END PROGRAM
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: IS_IOSTAT_EOR,  Next: ISATTY,  Prev: IS_IOSTAT_END,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.118 `IS_IOSTAT_EOR' -- Test for end-of-record value
--=====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `IS_IOSTAT_EOR' tests whether an variable has the value of the I/O
--     status "end of record". The function is equivalent to comparing the
--     variable with the `IOSTAT_EOR' parameter of the intrinsic module
--     `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = IS_IOSTAT_EOR(I)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          Shall be of the type `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns a `LOGICAL' of the default kind, which `.TRUE.' if I has
--     the value which indicates an end of file condition for IOSTAT=
--     specifiers, and is `.FALSE.' otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM iostat
--            IMPLICIT NONE
--            INTEGER :: stat, i(50)
--            OPEN(88, FILE='test.dat', FORM='UNFORMATTED')
--            READ(88, IOSTAT=stat) i
--            IF(IS_IOSTAT_EOR(stat)) STOP 'END OF RECORD'
--          END PROGRAM
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ISATTY,  Next: ISHFT,  Prev: IS_IOSTAT_EOR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.119 `ISATTY' -- Whether a unit is a terminal device.
--======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determine whether a unit is connected to a terminal device.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ISATTY(UNIT)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     UNIT       Shall be a scalar `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns `.TRUE.' if the UNIT is connected to a terminal device,
--     `.FALSE.' otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_isatty
--            INTEGER(kind=1) :: unit
--            DO unit = 1, 10
--              write(*,*) isatty(unit=unit)
--            END DO
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note TTYNAM::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ISHFT,  Next: ISHFTC,  Prev: ISATTY,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.120 `ISHFT' -- Shift bits
--===========================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ISHFT' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits
--     shifted SHIFT places.  A value of SHIFT greater than zero
--     corresponds to a left shift, a value of zero corresponds to no
--     shift, and a value less than zero corresponds to a right shift.
--     If the absolute value of SHIFT is greater than `BIT_SIZE(I)', the
--     value is undefined.  Bits shifted out from the left end or right
--     end are lost; zeros are shifted in from the opposite end.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ISHFT(I, SHIFT)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     SHIFT      The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ISHFTC::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ISHFTC,  Next: ISNAN,  Prev: ISHFT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.121 `ISHFTC' -- Shift bits circularly
--=======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ISHFTC' returns a value corresponding to I with the rightmost
--     SIZE bits shifted circularly SHIFT places; that is, bits shifted
--     out one end are shifted into the opposite end.  A value of SHIFT
--     greater than zero corresponds to a left shift, a value of zero
--     corresponds to no shift, and a value less than zero corresponds to
--     a right shift.  The absolute value of SHIFT must be less than
--     SIZE.  If the SIZE argument is omitted, it is taken to be
--     equivalent to `BIT_SIZE(I)'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = ISHFTC(I, SHIFT [, SIZE])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     SHIFT      The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     SIZE       (Optional) The type shall be `INTEGER'; the
--                value must be greater than zero and less than
--                or equal to `BIT_SIZE(I)'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ISHFT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ISNAN,  Next: ITIME,  Prev: ISHFTC,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.122 `ISNAN' -- Test for a NaN
--===============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `ISNAN' tests whether a floating-point value is an IEEE
--     Not-a-Number (NaN).
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `ISNAN(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Variable of the type `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns a default-kind `LOGICAL'. The returned value is `TRUE' if
--     X is a NaN and `FALSE' otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_nan
--            implicit none
--            real :: x
--            x = -1.0
--            x = sqrt(x)
--            if (isnan(x)) stop '"x" is a NaN'
--          end program test_nan
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: ITIME,  Next: KILL,  Prev: ISNAN,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.123 `ITIME' -- Get current local time subroutine (hour/minutes/seconds)
--=========================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `IDATE(VALUES)' Fills VALUES with the numerical values at the
--     current local time. The hour (in the range 1-24), minute (in the
--     range 1-60), and seconds (in the range 1-60) appear in elements 1,
--     2, and 3 of VALUES, respectively.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL ITIME(VALUES)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     VALUES     The type shall be `INTEGER, DIMENSION(3)' and
--                the kind shall be the default integer kind.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Does not return anything.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_itime
--            integer, dimension(3) :: tarray
--            call itime(tarray)
--            print *, tarray(1)
--            print *, tarray(2)
--            print *, tarray(3)
--          end program test_itime
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: KILL,  Next: KIND,  Prev: ITIME,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.124 `KILL' -- Send a signal to a process
--==========================================
--
--_Description_:
--
--_Standard_:
--     Sends the signal specified by SIGNAL to the process PID.  See
--     `kill(2)'.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL KILL(C, VALUE [, STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     C          Shall be a scalar `INTEGER', with `INTENT(IN)'
--     VALUE      Shall be a scalar `INTEGER', with `INTENT(IN)'
--     STATUS     (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER(4)' or
--                `INTEGER(8)'. Returns 0 on success, or a
--                system-specific error code otherwise.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ABORT::, *note EXIT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: KIND,  Next: LBOUND,  Prev: KILL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.125 `KIND' -- Kind of an entity
--=================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `KIND(X)' returns the kind value of the entity X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `K = KIND(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `LOGICAL', `INTEGER', `REAL',
--                `COMPLEX' or `CHARACTER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a scalar of type `INTEGER' and of the default
--     integer kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_kind
--            integer,parameter :: kc = kind(' ')
--            integer,parameter :: kl = kind(.true.)
--
--            print *, "The default character kind is ", kc
--            print *, "The default logical kind is ", kl
--          end program test_kind
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LBOUND,  Next: LEADZ,  Prev: KIND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.126 `LBOUND' -- Lower dimension bounds of an array
--====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the lower bounds of an array, or a single lower bound
--     along the DIM dimension.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LBOUND(ARRAY [, DIM [, KIND]])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      Shall be an array, of any type.
--     DIM        (Optional) Shall be a scalar `INTEGER'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is
--     absent, the return value is of default integer kind.  If DIM is
--     absent, the result is an array of the lower bounds of ARRAY.  If
--     DIM is present, the result is a scalar corresponding to the lower
--     bound of the array along that dimension.  If ARRAY is an
--     expression rather than a whole array or array structure component,
--     or if it has a zero extent along the relevant dimension, the lower
--     bound is taken to be 1.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note UBOUND::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LEADZ,  Next: LEN,  Prev: LBOUND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.127 `LEADZ' -- Number of leading zero bits of an integer
--==========================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `LEADZ' returns the number of leading zero bits of an integer.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LEADZ(I)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          Shall be of type `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The type of the return value is the default `INTEGER'.  If all the
--     bits of `I' are zero, the result value is `BIT_SIZE(I)'.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_leadz
--            WRITE (*,*) LEADZ(1)  ! prints 8 if BITSIZE(I) has the value 32
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note BIT_SIZE::, *note TRAILZ::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LEN,  Next: LEN_TRIM,  Prev: LEADZ,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.128 `LEN' -- Length of a character entity
--===========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the length of a character string.  If STRING is an array,
--     the length of an element of STRING is returned.  Note that STRING
--     need not be defined when this intrinsic is invoked, since only the
--     length, not the content, of STRING is needed.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `L = LEN(STRING [, KIND])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING     Shall be a scalar or array of type
--                `CHARACTER', with `INTENT(IN)'
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is
--     absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note LEN_TRIM::, *note ADJUSTL::, *note ADJUSTR::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LEN_TRIM,  Next: LOG_GAMMA,  Prev: LEN,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.129 `LEN_TRIM' -- Length of a character entity without trailing blank characters
--==================================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the length of a character string, ignoring any trailing
--     blanks.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LEN_TRIM(STRING [, KIND])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING     Shall be a scalar of type `CHARACTER', with
--                `INTENT(IN)'
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is
--     absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note LEN::, *note ADJUSTL::, *note ADJUSTR::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LGE,  Next: LGT,  Prev: LOG_GAMMA,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.130 `LGE' -- Lexical greater than or equal
--============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determines whether one string is lexically greater than or equal to
--     another string, where the two strings are interpreted as containing
--     ASCII character codes.  If the String A and String B are not the
--     same length, the shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to
--     it to form a value that has the same length as the longer.
--
--     In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics `LGE', `LGT', `LLE',
--     and `LLT' differ from the corresponding intrinsic operators
--     `.GE.', `.GT.', `.LE.', and `.LT.', in that the latter use the
--     processor's character ordering (which is not ASCII on some
--     targets), whereas the former always use the ASCII ordering.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LGE(STRING_A, STRING_B)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING_A   Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--     STRING_B   Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns `.TRUE.' if `STRING_A >= STRING_B', and `.FALSE.'
--     otherwise, based on the ASCII ordering.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note LGT::, *note LLE::, *note LLT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LGT,  Next: LINK,  Prev: LGE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.131 `LGT' -- Lexical greater than
--===================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determines whether one string is lexically greater than another
--     string, where the two strings are interpreted as containing ASCII
--     character codes.  If the String A and String B are not the same
--     length, the shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to it
--     to form a value that has the same length as the longer.
--
--     In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics `LGE', `LGT', `LLE',
--     and `LLT' differ from the corresponding intrinsic operators
--     `.GE.', `.GT.', `.LE.', and `.LT.', in that the latter use the
--     processor's character ordering (which is not ASCII on some
--     targets), whereas the former always use the ASCII ordering.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LGT(STRING_A, STRING_B)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING_A   Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--     STRING_B   Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns `.TRUE.' if `STRING_A > STRING_B', and `.FALSE.'
--     otherwise, based on the ASCII ordering.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note LGE::, *note LLE::, *note LLT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LINK,  Next: LLE,  Prev: LGT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.132 `LINK' -- Create a hard link
--==================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Makes a (hard) link from file PATH1 to PATH2. A null character
--     (`CHAR(0)') can be used to mark the end of the names in PATH1 and
--     PATH2; otherwise, trailing blanks in the file names are ignored.
--     If the STATUS argument is supplied, it contains 0 on success or a
--     nonzero error code upon return; see `link(2)'.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL LINK(PATH1, PATH2 [, STATUS])'
--     `STATUS = LINK(PATH1, PATH2)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     PATH1      Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--     PATH2      Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--     STATUS     (Optional) Shall be of default `INTEGER' type.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note SYMLNK::, *note UNLINK::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LLE,  Next: LLT,  Prev: LINK,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.133 `LLE' -- Lexical less than or equal
--=========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determines whether one string is lexically less than or equal to
--     another string, where the two strings are interpreted as
--     containing ASCII character codes.  If the String A and String B
--     are not the same length, the shorter is compared as if spaces were
--     appended to it to form a value that has the same length as the
--     longer.
--
--     In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics `LGE', `LGT', `LLE',
--     and `LLT' differ from the corresponding intrinsic operators
--     `.GE.', `.GT.', `.LE.', and `.LT.', in that the latter use the
--     processor's character ordering (which is not ASCII on some
--     targets), whereas the former always use the ASCII ordering.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LLE(STRING_A, STRING_B)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING_A   Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--     STRING_B   Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns `.TRUE.' if `STRING_A <= STRING_B', and `.FALSE.'
--     otherwise, based on the ASCII ordering.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note LGE::, *note LGT::, *note LLT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LLT,  Next: LNBLNK,  Prev: LLE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.134 `LLT' -- Lexical less than
--================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determines whether one string is lexically less than another
--     string, where the two strings are interpreted as containing ASCII
--     character codes.  If the String A and String B are not the same
--     length, the shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to it
--     to form a value that has the same length as the longer.
--
--     In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics `LGE', `LGT', `LLE',
--     and `LLT' differ from the corresponding intrinsic operators
--     `.GE.', `.GT.', `.LE.', and `.LT.', in that the latter use the
--     processor's character ordering (which is not ASCII on some
--     targets), whereas the former always use the ASCII ordering.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LLT(STRING_A, STRING_B)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING_A   Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--     STRING_B   Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns `.TRUE.' if `STRING_A < STRING_B', and `.FALSE.'
--     otherwise, based on the ASCII ordering.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note LGE::, *note LGT::, *note LLE::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LNBLNK,  Next: LOC,  Prev: LLT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.135 `LNBLNK' -- Index of the last non-blank character in a string
--===================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the length of a character string, ignoring any trailing
--     blanks.  This is identical to the standard `LEN_TRIM' intrinsic,
--     and is only included for backwards compatibility.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LNBLNK(STRING)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING     Shall be a scalar of type `CHARACTER', with
--                `INTENT(IN)'
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of `INTEGER(kind=4)' type.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note INDEX intrinsic::, *note LEN_TRIM::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LOC,  Next: LOG,  Prev: LNBLNK,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.136 `LOC' -- Returns the address of a variable
--================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `LOC(X)' returns the address of X as an integer.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LOC(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Variable of any type.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER', with a `KIND' corresponding
--     to the size (in bytes) of a memory address on the target machine.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_loc
--            integer :: i
--            real :: r
--            i = loc(r)
--            print *, i
--          end program test_loc
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LOG,  Next: LOG10,  Prev: LOC,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.137 `LOG' -- Logarithm function
--=================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `LOG(X)' computes the logarithm of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LOG(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' or `COMPLEX'.  The kind type
--     parameter is the same as X.  If X is `COMPLEX', the imaginary part
--     \omega is in the range -\pi \leq \omega \leq \pi.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_log
--            real(8) :: x = 1.0_8
--            complex :: z = (1.0, 2.0)
--            x = log(x)
--            z = log(z)
--          end program test_log
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `ALOG(X)'     `REAL(4) X'   `REAL(4)'     f95, gnu
--     `DLOG(X)'     `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     f95, gnu
--     `CLOG(X)'     `COMPLEX(4)   `COMPLEX(4)'  f95, gnu
--                   X'                          
--     `ZLOG(X)'     `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  f95, gnu
--                   X'                          
--     `CDLOG(X)'    `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  f95, gnu
--                   X'                          
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LOG10,  Next: LOGICAL,  Prev: LOG,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.138 `LOG10' -- Base 10 logarithm function
--===========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `LOG10(X)' computes the base 10 logarithm of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LOG10(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' or `COMPLEX'.  The kind type
--     parameter is the same as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_log10
--            real(8) :: x = 10.0_8
--            x = log10(x)
--          end program test_log10
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `ALOG10(X)'   `REAL(4) X'   `REAL(4)'     Fortran 95 and
--                                               later
--     `DLOG10(X)'   `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 95 and
--                                               later
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LOG_GAMMA,  Next: LGE,  Prev: LEN_TRIM,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.139 `LOG_GAMMA' -- Logarithm of the Gamma function
--====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `LOG_GAMMA(X)' computes the natural logarithm of the absolute value
--     of the Gamma (\Gamma) function.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `X = LOG_GAMMA(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `REAL' and neither zero nor a
--                negative integer.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' of the same kind as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_log_gamma
--            real :: x = 1.0
--            x = lgamma(x) ! returns 0.0
--          end program test_log_gamma
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `LGAMMA(X)'   `REAL(4) X'   `REAL(4)'     GNU Extension
--     `ALGAMA(X)'   `REAL(4) X'   `REAL(4)'     GNU Extension
--     `DLGAMA(X)'   `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     GNU Extension
--
--_See also_:
--     Gamma function: *note GAMMA::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LOGICAL,  Next: LONG,  Prev: LOG10,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.140 `LOGICAL' -- Convert to logical type
--==========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Converts one kind of `LOGICAL' variable to another.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LOGICAL(L [, KIND])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     L          The type shall be `LOGICAL'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a `LOGICAL' value equal to L, with a kind
--     corresponding to KIND, or of the default logical kind if KIND is
--     not given.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note INT::, *note REAL::, *note CMPLX::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LONG,  Next: LSHIFT,  Prev: LOGICAL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.141 `LONG' -- Convert to integer type
--=======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Convert to a `KIND=4' integer type, which is the same size as a C
--     `long' integer.  This is equivalent to the standard `INT'
--     intrinsic with an optional argument of `KIND=4', and is only
--     included for backwards compatibility.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LONG(A)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          Shall be of type `INTEGER', `REAL', or
--                `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a `INTEGER(4)' variable.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note INT::, *note INT2::, *note INT8::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LSHIFT,  Next: LSTAT,  Prev: LONG,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.142 `LSHIFT' -- Left shift bits
--=================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `LSHIFT' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits
--     shifted left by SHIFT places.  If the absolute value of SHIFT is
--     greater than `BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined.  Bits shifted
--     out from the left end are lost; zeros are shifted in from the
--     opposite end.
--
--     This function has been superseded by the `ISHFT' intrinsic, which
--     is standard in Fortran 95 and later.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = LSHIFT(I, SHIFT)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     SHIFT      The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ISHFT::, *note ISHFTC::, *note RSHIFT::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LSTAT,  Next: LTIME,  Prev: LSHIFT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.143 `LSTAT' -- Get file status
--================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `LSTAT' is identical to *note STAT::, except that if path is a
--     symbolic link, then the link itself is statted, not the file that
--     it refers to.
--
--     The elements in `BUFF' are the same as described by *note STAT::.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL LSTAT(FILE, BUFF [, STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     FILE       The type shall be `CHARACTER' of the default
--                kind, a valid path within the file system.
--     BUFF       The type shall be `INTEGER(4), DIMENSION(13)'.
--     STATUS     (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER(4)'.
--                Returns 0 on success and a system specific
--                error code otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--     See *note STAT:: for an example.
--
--_See also_:
--     To stat an open file: *note FSTAT::, to stat a file: *note STAT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: LTIME,  Next: MALLOC,  Prev: LSTAT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.144 `LTIME' -- Convert time to local time info
--================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Given a system time value STIME (as provided by the `TIME8()'
--     intrinsic), fills TARRAY with values extracted from it appropriate
--     to the local time zone using `localtime(3)'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL LTIME(STIME, TARRAY)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STIME      An `INTEGER' scalar expression corresponding
--                to a system time, with `INTENT(IN)'.
--     TARRAY     A default `INTEGER' array with 9 elements,
--                with `INTENT(OUT)'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The elements of TARRAY are assigned as follows:
--       1. Seconds after the minute, range 0-59 or 0-61 to allow for leap
--          seconds
--
--       2. Minutes after the hour, range 0-59
--
--       3. Hours past midnight, range 0-23
--
--       4. Day of month, range 0-31
--
--       5. Number of months since January, range 0-12
--
--       6. Years since 1900
--
--       7. Number of days since Sunday, range 0-6
--
--       8. Days since January 1
--
--       9. Daylight savings indicator: positive if daylight savings is in
--          effect, zero if not, and negative if the information is not
--          available.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note TIME::, *note TIME8::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MALLOC,  Next: MATMUL,  Prev: LTIME,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.145 `MALLOC' -- Allocate dynamic memory
--=========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `MALLOC(SIZE)' allocates SIZE bytes of dynamic memory and returns
--     the address of the allocated memory. The `MALLOC' intrinsic is an
--     extension intended to be used with Cray pointers, and is provided
--     in GNU Fortran to allow the user to compile legacy code. For new
--     code using Fortran 95 pointers, the memory allocation intrinsic is
--     `ALLOCATE'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `PTR = MALLOC(SIZE)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     SIZE       The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER(K)', with K such that
--     variables of type `INTEGER(K)' have the same size as C pointers
--     (`sizeof(void *)').
--
--_Example_:
--     The following example demonstrates the use of `MALLOC' and `FREE'
--     with Cray pointers.
--
--          program test_malloc
--            implicit none
--            integer i
--            real*8 x(*), z
--            pointer(ptr_x,x)
--
--            ptr_x = malloc(20*8)
--            do i = 1, 20
--              x(i) = sqrt(1.0d0 / i)
--            end do
--            z = 0
--            do i = 1, 20
--              z = z + x(i)
--              print *, z
--            end do
--            call free(ptr_x)
--          end program test_malloc
--
--_See also_:
--     *note FREE::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MATMUL,  Next: MAX,  Prev: MALLOC,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.146 `MATMUL' -- matrix multiplication
--=======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Performs a matrix multiplication on numeric or logical arguments.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MATMUL(MATRIX_A, MATRIX_B)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     MATRIX_A   An array of `INTEGER', `REAL', `COMPLEX', or
--                `LOGICAL' type, with a rank of one or two.
--     MATRIX_B   An array of `INTEGER', `REAL', or `COMPLEX'
--                type if MATRIX_A is of a numeric type;
--                otherwise, an array of `LOGICAL' type. The
--                rank shall be one or two, and the first (or
--                only) dimension of MATRIX_B shall be equal to
--                the last (or only) dimension of MATRIX_A.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The matrix product of MATRIX_A and MATRIX_B.  The type and kind of
--     the result follow the usual type and kind promotion rules, as for
--     the `*' or `.AND.' operators.
--
--_See also_:
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MAX,  Next: MAXEXPONENT,  Prev: MATMUL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.147 `MAX' -- Maximum value of an argument list
--================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the argument with the largest (most positive) value.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MAX(A1, A2 [, A3 [, ...]])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A1         The type shall be `INTEGER' or `REAL'.
--     A2, A3,    An expression of the same type and kind as A1.
--     ...        (As a GNU extension, arguments of different
--                kinds are permitted.)
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value corresponds to the maximum value among the
--     arguments, and has the same type and kind as the first argument.
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `MAX0(I)'     `INTEGER(4)   `INTEGER(4)'  Fortran 77 and
--                   I'                          later
--     `AMAX0(I)'    `INTEGER(4)   `REAL(MAX(X))'Fortran 77 and
--                   I'                          later
--     `MAX1(X)'     `REAL X'      `INT(MAX(X))' Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--     `AMAX1(X)'    `REAL(4)      `REAL(4)'     Fortran 77 and
--                   X'                          later
--     `DMAX1(X)'    `REAL(8)      `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                   X'                          later
--
--_See also_:
--     *note MAXLOC:: *note MAXVAL::, *note MIN::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MAXEXPONENT,  Next: MAXLOC,  Prev: MAX,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.148 `MAXEXPONENT' -- Maximum exponent of a real kind
--======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `MAXEXPONENT(X)' returns the maximum exponent in the model of the
--     type of `X'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MAXEXPONENT(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer
--     kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          program exponents
--            real(kind=4) :: x
--            real(kind=8) :: y
--
--            print *, minexponent(x), maxexponent(x)
--            print *, minexponent(y), maxexponent(y)
--          end program exponents
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MAXLOC,  Next: MAXVAL,  Prev: MAXEXPONENT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.149 `MAXLOC' -- Location of the maximum value within an array
--===============================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determines the location of the element in the array with the
--     maximum value, or, if the DIM argument is supplied, determines the
--     locations of the maximum element along each row of the array in the
--     DIM direction.  If MASK is present, only the elements for which
--     MASK is `.TRUE.' are considered.  If more than one element in the
--     array has the maximum value, the location returned is that of the
--     first such element in array element order.  If the array has zero
--     size, or all of the elements of MASK are `.FALSE.', then the
--     result is an array of zeroes.  Similarly, if DIM is supplied and
--     all of the elements of MASK along a given row are zero, the result
--     value for that row is zero.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MAXLOC(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])'
--     `RESULT = MAXLOC(ARRAY [, MASK])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      Shall be an array of type `INTEGER', `REAL',
--                or `CHARACTER'.
--     DIM        (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type
--                `INTEGER', with a value between one and the
--                rank of ARRAY, inclusive.  It may not be an
--                optional dummy argument.
--     MASK       Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL', and
--                conformable with ARRAY.
--
--_Return value_:
--     If DIM is absent, the result is a rank-one array with a length
--     equal to the rank of ARRAY.  If DIM is present, the result is an
--     array with a rank one less than the rank of ARRAY, and a size
--     corresponding to the size of ARRAY with the DIM dimension removed.
--     If DIM is present and ARRAY has a rank of one, the result is a
--     scalar.  In all cases, the result is of default `INTEGER' type.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note MAX::, *note MAXVAL::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MAXVAL,  Next: MCLOCK,  Prev: MAXLOC,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.150 `MAXVAL' -- Maximum value of an array
--===========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determines the maximum value of the elements in an array value,
--     or, if the DIM argument is supplied, determines the maximum value
--     along each row of the array in the DIM direction.  If MASK is
--     present, only the elements for which MASK is `.TRUE.' are
--     considered.  If the array has zero size, or all of the elements of
--     MASK are `.FALSE.', then the result is `-HUGE(ARRAY)' if ARRAY is
--     numeric, or a string of nulls if ARRAY is of character type.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MAXVAL(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])'
--     `RESULT = MAXVAL(ARRAY [, MASK])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      Shall be an array of type `INTEGER', `REAL',
--                or `CHARACTER'.
--     DIM        (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type
--                `INTEGER', with a value between one and the
--                rank of ARRAY, inclusive.  It may not be an
--                optional dummy argument.
--     MASK       Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL', and
--                conformable with ARRAY.
--
--_Return value_:
--     If DIM is absent, or if ARRAY has a rank of one, the result is a
--     scalar.  If DIM is present, the result is an array with a rank one
--     less than the rank of ARRAY, and a size corresponding to the size
--     of ARRAY with the DIM dimension removed.  In all cases, the result
--     is of the same type and kind as ARRAY.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note MAX::, *note MAXLOC::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MCLOCK,  Next: MCLOCK8,  Prev: MAXVAL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.151 `MCLOCK' -- Time function
--===============================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the number of clock ticks since the start of the process,
--     based on the UNIX function `clock(3)'.
--
--     This intrinsic is not fully portable, such as to systems with
--     32-bit `INTEGER' types but supporting times wider than 32 bits.
--     Therefore, the values returned by this intrinsic might be, or
--     become, negative, or numerically less than previous values, during
--     a single run of the compiled program.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MCLOCK()'
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a scalar of type `INTEGER(4)', equal to the
--     number of clock ticks since the start of the process, or `-1' if
--     the system does not support `clock(3)'.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note MCLOCK::,
--     *note TIME::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MCLOCK8,  Next: MERGE,  Prev: MCLOCK,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.152 `MCLOCK8' -- Time function (64-bit)
--=========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the number of clock ticks since the start of the process,
--     based on the UNIX function `clock(3)'.
--
--     _Warning:_ this intrinsic does not increase the range of the timing
--     values over that returned by `clock(3)'. On a system with a 32-bit
--     `clock(3)', `MCLOCK8()' will return a 32-bit value, even though it
--     is converted to a 64-bit `INTEGER(8)' value. That means overflows
--     of the 32-bit value can still occur. Therefore, the values
--     returned by this intrinsic might be or become negative or
--     numerically less than previous values during a single run of the
--     compiled program.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MCLOCK8()'
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a scalar of type `INTEGER(8)', equal to the
--     number of clock ticks since the start of the process, or `-1' if
--     the system does not support `clock(3)'.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note MCLOCK::,
--     *note TIME8::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MERGE,  Next: MIN,  Prev: MCLOCK8,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.153 `MERGE' -- Merge variables
--================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Select values from two arrays according to a logical mask.  The
--     result is equal to TSOURCE if MASK is `.TRUE.', or equal to
--     FSOURCE if it is `.FALSE.'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MERGE(TSOURCE, FSOURCE, MASK)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     TSOURCE    May be of any type.
--     FSOURCE    Shall be of the same type and type parameters
--                as TSOURCE.
--     MASK       Shall be of type `LOGICAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The result is of the same type and type parameters as TSOURCE.
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MIN,  Next: MINEXPONENT,  Prev: MERGE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.154 `MIN' -- Minimum value of an argument list
--================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the argument with the smallest (most negative) value.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MIN(A1, A2 [, A3, ...])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A1         The type shall be `INTEGER' or `REAL'.
--     A2, A3,    An expression of the same type and kind as A1.
--     ...        (As a GNU extension, arguments of different
--                kinds are permitted.)
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value corresponds to the maximum value among the
--     arguments, and has the same type and kind as the first argument.
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `MIN0(I)'     `INTEGER(4)   `INTEGER(4)'  Fortran 77 and
--                   I'                          later
--     `AMIN0(I)'    `INTEGER(4)   `REAL(MIN(X))'Fortran 77 and
--                   I'                          later
--     `MIN1(X)'     `REAL X'      `INT(MIN(X))' Fortran 77 and
--                                               later
--     `AMIN1(X)'    `REAL(4)      `REAL(4)'     Fortran 77 and
--                   X'                          later
--     `DMIN1(X)'    `REAL(8)      `REAL(8)'     Fortran 77 and
--                   X'                          later
--
--_See also_:
--     *note MAX::, *note MINLOC::, *note MINVAL::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MINEXPONENT,  Next: MINLOC,  Prev: MIN,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.155 `MINEXPONENT' -- Minimum exponent of a real kind
--======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `MINEXPONENT(X)' returns the minimum exponent in the model of the
--     type of `X'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MINEXPONENT(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer
--     kind.
--
--_Example_:
--     See `MAXEXPONENT' for an example.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MINLOC,  Next: MINVAL,  Prev: MINEXPONENT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.156 `MINLOC' -- Location of the minimum value within an array
--===============================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determines the location of the element in the array with the
--     minimum value, or, if the DIM argument is supplied, determines the
--     locations of the minimum element along each row of the array in the
--     DIM direction.  If MASK is present, only the elements for which
--     MASK is `.TRUE.' are considered.  If more than one element in the
--     array has the minimum value, the location returned is that of the
--     first such element in array element order.  If the array has zero
--     size, or all of the elements of MASK are `.FALSE.', then the
--     result is an array of zeroes.  Similarly, if DIM is supplied and
--     all of the elements of MASK along a given row are zero, the result
--     value for that row is zero.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MINLOC(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])'
--     `RESULT = MINLOC(ARRAY [, MASK])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      Shall be an array of type `INTEGER', `REAL',
--                or `CHARACTER'.
--     DIM        (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type
--                `INTEGER', with a value between one and the
--                rank of ARRAY, inclusive.  It may not be an
--                optional dummy argument.
--     MASK       Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL', and
--                conformable with ARRAY.
--
--_Return value_:
--     If DIM is absent, the result is a rank-one array with a length
--     equal to the rank of ARRAY.  If DIM is present, the result is an
--     array with a rank one less than the rank of ARRAY, and a size
--     corresponding to the size of ARRAY with the DIM dimension removed.
--     If DIM is present and ARRAY has a rank of one, the result is a
--     scalar.  In all cases, the result is of default `INTEGER' type.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note MIN::, *note MINVAL::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MINVAL,  Next: MOD,  Prev: MINLOC,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.157 `MINVAL' -- Minimum value of an array
--===========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determines the minimum value of the elements in an array value,
--     or, if the DIM argument is supplied, determines the minimum value
--     along each row of the array in the DIM direction.  If MASK is
--     present, only the elements for which MASK is `.TRUE.' are
--     considered.  If the array has zero size, or all of the elements of
--     MASK are `.FALSE.', then the result is `HUGE(ARRAY)' if ARRAY is
--     numeric, or a string of `CHAR(255)' characters if ARRAY is of
--     character type.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MINVAL(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])'
--     `RESULT = MINVAL(ARRAY [, MASK])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      Shall be an array of type `INTEGER', `REAL',
--                or `CHARACTER'.
--     DIM        (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type
--                `INTEGER', with a value between one and the
--                rank of ARRAY, inclusive.  It may not be an
--                optional dummy argument.
--     MASK       Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL', and
--                conformable with ARRAY.
--
--_Return value_:
--     If DIM is absent, or if ARRAY has a rank of one, the result is a
--     scalar.  If DIM is present, the result is an array with a rank one
--     less than the rank of ARRAY, and a size corresponding to the size
--     of ARRAY with the DIM dimension removed.  In all cases, the result
--     is of the same type and kind as ARRAY.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note MIN::, *note MINLOC::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MOD,  Next: MODULO,  Prev: MINVAL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.158 `MOD' -- Remainder function
--=================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `MOD(A,P)' computes the remainder of the division of A by P. It is
--     calculated as `A - (INT(A/P) * P)'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MOD(A, P)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' or `REAL'
--     P          Shall be a scalar of the same type as A and not
--                equal to zero
--
--_Return value_:
--     The kind of the return value is the result of cross-promoting the
--     kinds of the arguments.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_mod
--            print *, mod(17,3)
--            print *, mod(17.5,5.5)
--            print *, mod(17.5d0,5.5)
--            print *, mod(17.5,5.5d0)
--
--            print *, mod(-17,3)
--            print *, mod(-17.5,5.5)
--            print *, mod(-17.5d0,5.5)
--            print *, mod(-17.5,5.5d0)
--
--            print *, mod(17,-3)
--            print *, mod(17.5,-5.5)
--            print *, mod(17.5d0,-5.5)
--            print *, mod(17.5,-5.5d0)
--          end program test_mod
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Arguments     Return type   Standard
--     `AMOD(A,P)'   `REAL(4)'     `REAL(4)'     Fortran 95 and
--                                               later
--     `DMOD(A,P)'   `REAL(8)'     `REAL(8)'     Fortran 95 and
--                                               later
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MODULO,  Next: MOVE_ALLOC,  Prev: MOD,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.159 `MODULO' -- Modulo function
--=================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `MODULO(A,P)' computes the A modulo P.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = MODULO(A, P)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' or `REAL'
--     P          Shall be a scalar of the same type and kind as
--                A
--
--_Return value_:
--     The type and kind of the result are those of the arguments.
--    If A and P are of type `INTEGER':
--          `MODULO(A,P)' has the value R such that `A=Q*P+R', where Q is
--          an integer and R is between 0 (inclusive) and P (exclusive).
--
--    If A and P are of type `REAL':
--          `MODULO(A,P)' has the value of `A - FLOOR (A / P) * P'.
--     In all cases, if P is zero the result is processor-dependent.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_modulo
--            print *, modulo(17,3)
--            print *, modulo(17.5,5.5)
--
--            print *, modulo(-17,3)
--            print *, modulo(-17.5,5.5)
--
--            print *, modulo(17,-3)
--            print *, modulo(17.5,-5.5)
--          end program
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MOVE_ALLOC,  Next: MVBITS,  Prev: MODULO,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.160 `MOVE_ALLOC' -- Move allocation from one object to another
--================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `MOVE_ALLOC(SRC, DEST)' moves the allocation from SRC to DEST.
--     SRC will become deallocated in the process.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL MOVE_ALLOC(SRC, DEST)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     SRC        `ALLOCATABLE', `INTENT(INOUT)', may be of any
--                type and kind.
--     DEST       `ALLOCATABLE', `INTENT(OUT)', shall be of the
--                same type, kind and rank as SRC.
--
--_Return value_:
--     None
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_move_alloc
--              integer, allocatable :: a(:), b(:)
--
--              allocate(a(3))
--              a = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
--              call move_alloc(a, b)
--              print *, allocated(a), allocated(b)
--              print *, b
--          end program test_move_alloc
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: MVBITS,  Next: NEAREST,  Prev: MOVE_ALLOC,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.161 `MVBITS' -- Move bits from one integer to another
--=======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Moves LEN bits from positions FROMPOS through `FROMPOS+LEN-1' of
--     FROM to positions TOPOS through `TOPOS+LEN-1' of TO. The portion
--     of argument TO not affected by the movement of bits is unchanged.
--     The values of `FROMPOS+LEN-1' and `TOPOS+LEN-1' must be less than
--     `BIT_SIZE(FROM)'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL MVBITS(FROM, FROMPOS, LEN, TO, TOPOS)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     FROM       The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     FROMPOS    The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     LEN        The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     TO         The type shall be `INTEGER', of the same kind
--                as FROM.
--     TOPOS      The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note IBCLR::, *note IBSET::, *note IBITS::, *note IAND::, *note
--     IOR::, *note IEOR::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: NEAREST,  Next: NEW_LINE,  Prev: MVBITS,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.162 `NEAREST' -- Nearest representable number
--===============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `NEAREST(X, S)' returns the processor-representable number nearest
--     to `X' in the direction indicated by the sign of `S'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = NEAREST(X, S)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `REAL'.
--     S          (Optional) shall be of type `REAL' and not
--                equal to zero.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of the same type as `X'. If `S' is positive,
--     `NEAREST' returns the processor-representable number greater than
--     `X' and nearest to it. If `S' is negative, `NEAREST' returns the
--     processor-representable number smaller than `X' and nearest to it.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_nearest
--            real :: x, y
--            x = nearest(42.0, 1.0)
--            y = nearest(42.0, -1.0)
--            write (*,"(3(G20.15))") x, y, x - y
--          end program test_nearest
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: NEW_LINE,  Next: NINT,  Prev: NEAREST,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.163 `NEW_LINE' -- New line character
--======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `NEW_LINE(C)' returns the new-line character.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = NEW_LINE(C)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     C          The argument shall be a scalar or array of the
--                type `CHARACTER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns a CHARACTER scalar of length one with the new-line
--     character of the same kind as parameter C.
--
--_Example_:
--          program newline
--            implicit none
--            write(*,'(A)') 'This is record 1.'//NEW_LINE('A')//'This is record 2.'
--          end program newline
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: NINT,  Next: NOT,  Prev: NEW_LINE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.164 `NINT' -- Nearest whole number
--====================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `NINT(X)' rounds its argument to the nearest whole number.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 90 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = NINT(X [, KIND])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type of the argument shall be `REAL'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns A with the fractional portion of its magnitude eliminated
--     by rounding to the nearest whole number and with its sign
--     preserved, converted to an `INTEGER' of the default kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_nint
--            real(4) x4
--            real(8) x8
--            x4 = 1.234E0_4
--            x8 = 4.321_8
--            print *, nint(x4), idnint(x8)
--          end program test_nint
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name              Argument          Standard
--     `IDNINT(X)'       `REAL(8)'         Fortran 95 and
--                                         later
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CEILING::, *note FLOOR::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: NOT,  Next: NULL,  Prev: NINT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.165 `NOT' -- Logical negation
--===============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `NOT' returns the bitwise boolean inverse of I.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = NOT(I)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return type is `INTEGER', of the same kind as the argument.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note IAND::, *note IEOR::, *note IOR::, *note IBITS::, *note
--     IBSET::, *note IBCLR::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: NULL,  Next: OR,  Prev: NOT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.166 `NULL' -- Function that returns an disassociated pointer
--==============================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns a disassociated pointer.
--
--     If MOLD is present, a dissassociated pointer of the same type is
--     returned, otherwise the type is determined by context.
--
--     In Fortran 95, MOLD is optional. Please note that Fortran 2003
--     includes cases where it is required.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `PTR => NULL([MOLD])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     MOLD       (Optional) shall be a pointer of any
--                association status and of any type.
--
--_Return value_:
--     A disassociated pointer.
--
--_Example_:
--          REAL, POINTER, DIMENSION(:) :: VEC => NULL ()
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ASSOCIATED::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: OR,  Next: PACK,  Prev: NULL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.167 `OR' -- Bitwise logical OR
--================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Bitwise logical `OR'.
--
--     This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with
--     GNU Fortran 77.  For integer arguments, programmers should consider
--     the use of the *note IOR:: intrinsic defined by the Fortran
--     standard.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = OR(X, Y)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be either a scalar `INTEGER'
--                type or a scalar `LOGICAL' type.
--     Y          The type shall be the same as the type of X.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return type is either a scalar `INTEGER' or a scalar
--     `LOGICAL'.  If the kind type parameters differ, then the smaller
--     kind type is implicitly converted to larger kind, and the return
--     has the larger kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_or
--            LOGICAL :: T = .TRUE., F = .FALSE.
--            INTEGER :: a, b
--            DATA a / Z'F' /, b / Z'3' /
--
--            WRITE (*,*) OR(T, T), OR(T, F), OR(F, T), OR(F, F)
--            WRITE (*,*) OR(a, b)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     Fortran 95 elemental function: *note IOR::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: PACK,  Next: PERROR,  Prev: OR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.168 `PACK' -- Pack an array into an array of rank one
--=======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Stores the elements of ARRAY in an array of rank one.
--
--     The beginning of the resulting array is made up of elements whose
--     MASK equals `TRUE'. Afterwards, positions are filled with elements
--     taken from VECTOR.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = PACK(ARRAY, MASK[,VECTOR]'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      Shall be an array of any type.
--     MASK       Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL' and of the
--                same size as ARRAY. Alternatively, it may be a
--                `LOGICAL' scalar.
--     VECTOR     (Optional) shall be an array of the same type
--                as ARRAY and of rank one. If present, the
--                number of elements in VECTOR shall be equal to
--                or greater than the number of true elements in
--                MASK. If MASK is scalar, the number of
--                elements in VECTOR shall be equal to or
--                greater than the number of elements in ARRAY.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The result is an array of rank one and the same type as that of
--     ARRAY.  If VECTOR is present, the result size is that of VECTOR,
--     the number of `TRUE' values in MASK otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--     Gathering nonzero elements from an array:
--          PROGRAM test_pack_1
--            INTEGER :: m(6)
--            m = (/ 1, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0 /)
--            WRITE(*, FMT="(6(I0, ' '))") pack(m, m /= 0)  ! "1 5"
--          END PROGRAM
--
--     Gathering nonzero elements from an array and appending elements
--     from VECTOR:
--          PROGRAM test_pack_2
--            INTEGER :: m(4)
--            m = (/ 1, 0, 0, 2 /)
--            WRITE(*, FMT="(4(I0, ' '))") pack(m, m /= 0, (/ 0, 0, 3, 4 /))  ! "1 2 3 4"
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note UNPACK::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: PERROR,  Next: PRECISION,  Prev: PACK,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.169 `PERROR' -- Print system error message
--============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Prints (on the C `stderr' stream) a newline-terminated error
--     message corresponding to the last system error. This is prefixed by
--     STRING, a colon and a space. See `perror(3)'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL PERROR(STRING)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING     A scalar of type `CHARACTER' and of the
--                default kind.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note IERRNO::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: PRECISION,  Next: PRESENT,  Prev: PERROR,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.170 `PRECISION' -- Decimal precision of a real kind
--=====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `PRECISION(X)' returns the decimal precision in the model of the
--     type of `X'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = PRECISION(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `REAL' or `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer
--     kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          program prec_and_range
--            real(kind=4) :: x(2)
--            complex(kind=8) :: y
--
--            print *, precision(x), range(x)
--            print *, precision(y), range(y)
--          end program prec_and_range
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: PRESENT,  Next: PRODUCT,  Prev: PRECISION,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.171 `PRESENT' -- Determine whether an optional dummy argument is specified
--============================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determines whether an optional dummy argument is present.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = PRESENT(A)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          May be of any type and may be a pointer,
--                scalar or array value, or a dummy procedure.
--                It shall be the name of an optional dummy
--                argument accessible within the current
--                subroutine or function.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Returns either `TRUE' if the optional argument A is present, or
--     `FALSE' otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_present
--            WRITE(*,*) f(), f(42)      ! "F T"
--          CONTAINS
--            LOGICAL FUNCTION f(x)
--              INTEGER, INTENT(IN), OPTIONAL :: x
--              f = PRESENT(x)
--            END FUNCTION
--          END PROGRAM
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: PRODUCT,  Next: RADIX,  Prev: PRESENT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.172 `PRODUCT' -- Product of array elements
--============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Multiplies the elements of ARRAY along dimension DIM if the
--     corresponding element in MASK is `TRUE'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = PRODUCT(ARRAY[, MASK])' `RESULT = PRODUCT(ARRAY, DIM[,
--     MASK])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      Shall be an array of type `INTEGER', `REAL' or
--                `COMPLEX'.
--     DIM        (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'
--                with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n
--                equals the rank of ARRAY.
--     MASK       (Optional) shall be of type `LOGICAL' and
--                either be a scalar or an array of the same
--                shape as ARRAY.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The result is of the same type as ARRAY.
--
--     If DIM is absent, a scalar with the product of all elements in
--     ARRAY is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals
--     the rank of ARRAY, and a shape similar to that of ARRAY with
--     dimension DIM dropped is returned.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_product
--            INTEGER :: x(5) = (/ 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5 /)
--            print *, PRODUCT(x)                    ! all elements, product = 120
--            print *, PRODUCT(x, MASK=MOD(x, 2)==1) ! odd elements, product = 15
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note SUM::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: RADIX,  Next: RANDOM_NUMBER,  Prev: PRODUCT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.173 `RADIX' -- Base of a model number
--=======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `RADIX(X)' returns the base of the model representing the entity X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = RADIX(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `INTEGER' or `REAL'
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a scalar of type `INTEGER' and of the default
--     integer kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_radix
--            print *, "The radix for the default integer kind is", radix(0)
--            print *, "The radix for the default real kind is", radix(0.0)
--          end program test_radix
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: RAN,  Next: REAL,  Prev: RANGE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.174 `RAN' -- Real pseudo-random number
--========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     For compatibility with HP FORTRAN 77/iX, the `RAN' intrinsic is
--     provided as an alias for `RAND'.  See *note RAND:: for complete
--     documentation.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_See also_:
--     *note RAND::, *note RANDOM_NUMBER::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: RAND,  Next: RANGE,  Prev: RANDOM_SEED,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.175 `RAND' -- Real pseudo-random number
--=========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `RAND(FLAG)' returns a pseudo-random number from a uniform
--     distribution between 0 and 1. If FLAG is 0, the next number in the
--     current sequence is returned; if FLAG is 1, the generator is
--     restarted by `CALL SRAND(0)'; if FLAG has any other value, it is
--     used as a new seed with `SRAND'.
--
--     This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with
--     GNU Fortran 77. It implements a simple modulo generator as provided
--     by `g77'. For new code, one should consider the use of *note
--     RANDOM_NUMBER:: as it implements a superior algorithm.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = RAND(FLAG)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     FLAG       Shall be a scalar `INTEGER' of kind 4.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of `REAL' type and the default kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_rand
--            integer,parameter :: seed = 86456
--
--            call srand(seed)
--            print *, rand(), rand(), rand(), rand()
--            print *, rand(seed), rand(), rand(), rand()
--          end program test_rand
--
--_See also_:
--     *note SRAND::, *note RANDOM_NUMBER::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: RANDOM_NUMBER,  Next: RANDOM_SEED,  Prev: RADIX,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.176 `RANDOM_NUMBER' -- Pseudo-random number
--=============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns a single pseudorandom number or an array of pseudorandom
--     numbers from the uniform distribution over the range  0 \leq x < 1.
--
--     The runtime-library implements George Marsaglia's KISS (Keep It
--     Simple Stupid) random number generator (RNG). This RNG combines:
--       1. The congruential generator x(n) = 69069 \cdot x(n-1) +
--          1327217885 with a period of 2^32,
--
--       2. A 3-shift shift-register generator with a period of 2^32 - 1,
--
--       3. Two 16-bit multiply-with-carry generators with a period of
--          597273182964842497 > 2^59.
--          The overall period exceeds 2^123.
--
--     Please note, this RNG is thread safe if used within OpenMP
--     directives, i.e., its state will be consistent while called from
--     multiple threads.  However, the KISS generator does not create
--     random numbers in parallel from multiple sources, but in sequence
--     from a single source. If an OpenMP-enabled application heavily
--     relies on random numbers, one should consider employing a
--     dedicated parallel random number generator instead.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RANDOM_NUMBER(HARVEST)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     HARVEST    Shall be a scalar or an array of type `REAL'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_random_number
--            REAL :: r(5,5)
--            CALL init_random_seed()         ! see example of RANDOM_SEED
--            CALL RANDOM_NUMBER(r)
--          end program
--
--_See also_:
--     *note RANDOM_SEED::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: RANDOM_SEED,  Next: RAND,  Prev: RANDOM_NUMBER,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.177 `RANDOM_SEED' -- Initialize a pseudo-random number sequence
--=================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Restarts or queries the state of the pseudorandom number generator
--     used by `RANDOM_NUMBER'.
--
--     If `RANDOM_SEED' is called without arguments, it is initialized to
--     a default state. The example below shows how to initialize the
--     random seed based on the system's time.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL RANDOM_SEED(SIZE, PUT, GET)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     SIZE       (Optional) Shall be a scalar and of type
--                default `INTEGER', with `INTENT(OUT)'. It
--                specifies the minimum size of the arrays used
--                with the PUT and GET arguments.
--     PUT        (Optional) Shall be an array of type default
--                `INTEGER' and rank one. It is `INTENT(IN)' and
--                the size of the array must be larger than or
--                equal to the number returned by the SIZE
--                argument.
--     GET        (Optional) Shall be an array of type default
--                `INTEGER' and rank one. It is `INTENT(OUT)'
--                and the size of the array must be larger than
--                or equal to the number returned by the SIZE
--                argument.
--
--_Example_:
--          SUBROUTINE init_random_seed()
--            INTEGER :: i, n, clock
--            INTEGER, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed
--
--            CALL RANDOM_SEED(size = n)
--            ALLOCATE(seed(n))
--
--            CALL SYSTEM_CLOCK(COUNT=clock)
--
--            seed = clock + 37 * (/ (i - 1, i = 1, n) /)
--            CALL RANDOM_SEED(PUT = seed)
--
--            DEALLOCATE(seed)
--          END SUBROUTINE
--
--_See also_:
--     *note RANDOM_NUMBER::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: RANGE,  Next: RAN,  Prev: RAND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.178 `RANGE' -- Decimal exponent range
--=======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `RANGE(X)' returns the decimal exponent range in the model of the
--     type of `X'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = RANGE(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `INTEGER', `REAL' or
--                `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer
--     kind.
--
--_Example_:
--     See `PRECISION' for an example.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: REAL,  Next: RENAME,  Prev: RAN,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.179 `REAL' -- Convert to real type
--====================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `REAL(X [, KIND])' converts its argument X to a real type.  The
--     `REALPART(X)' function is provided for compatibility with `g77',
--     and its use is strongly discouraged.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = REAL(X [, KIND])'
--     `RESULT = REALPART(Z)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be `INTEGER', `REAL', or `COMPLEX'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     These functions return a `REAL' variable or array under the
--     following rules:
--
--    (A)
--          `REAL(X)' is converted to a default real type if X is an
--          integer or real variable.
--
--    (B)
--          `REAL(X)' is converted to a real type with the kind type
--          parameter of X if X is a complex variable.
--
--    (C)
--          `REAL(X, KIND)' is converted to a real type with kind type
--          parameter KIND if X is a complex, integer, or real variable.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_real
--            complex :: x = (1.0, 2.0)
--            print *, real(x), real(x,8), realpart(x)
--          end program test_real
--
--_See also_:
--     *note DBLE::, *note DFLOAT::, *note FLOAT::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: RENAME,  Next: REPEAT,  Prev: REAL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.180 `RENAME' -- Rename a file
--===============================
--
--_Description_:
--     Renames a file from file PATH1 to PATH2. A null character
--     (`CHAR(0)') can be used to mark the end of the names in PATH1 and
--     PATH2; otherwise, trailing blanks in the file names are ignored.
--     If the STATUS argument is supplied, it contains 0 on success or a
--     nonzero error code upon return; see `rename(2)'.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL RENAME(PATH1, PATH2 [, STATUS])'
--     `STATUS = RENAME(PATH1, PATH2)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     PATH1      Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--     PATH2      Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--     STATUS     (Optional) Shall be of default `INTEGER' type.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note LINK::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: REPEAT,  Next: RESHAPE,  Prev: RENAME,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.181 `REPEAT' -- Repeated string concatenation
--===============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Concatenates NCOPIES copies of a string.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = REPEAT(STRING, NCOPIES)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING     Shall be scalar and of type `CHARACTER'.
--     NCOPIES    Shall be scalar and of type `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     A new scalar of type `CHARACTER' built up from NCOPIES copies of
--     STRING.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_repeat
--            write(*,*) repeat("x", 5)   ! "xxxxx"
--          end program
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: RESHAPE,  Next: RRSPACING,  Prev: REPEAT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.182 `RESHAPE' -- Function to reshape an array
--===============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Reshapes SOURCE to correspond to SHAPE. If necessary, the new
--     array may be padded with elements from PAD or permuted as defined
--     by ORDER.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = RESHAPE(SOURCE, SHAPE[, PAD, ORDER])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     SOURCE     Shall be an array of any type.
--     SHAPE      Shall be of type `INTEGER' and an array of
--                rank one. Its values must be positive or zero.
--     PAD        (Optional) shall be an array of the same type
--                as SOURCE.
--     ORDER      (Optional) shall be of type `INTEGER' and an
--                array of the same shape as SHAPE. Its values
--                shall be a permutation of the numbers from 1
--                to n, where n is the size of SHAPE. If ORDER
--                is absent, the natural ordering shall be
--                assumed.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The result is an array of shape SHAPE with the same type as SOURCE.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_reshape
--            INTEGER, DIMENSION(4) :: x
--            WRITE(*,*) SHAPE(x)                       ! prints "4"
--            WRITE(*,*) SHAPE(RESHAPE(x, (/2, 2/)))    ! prints "2 2"
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note SHAPE::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: RRSPACING,  Next: RSHIFT,  Prev: RESHAPE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.183 `RRSPACING' -- Reciprocal of the relative spacing
--=======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `RRSPACING(X)' returns the  reciprocal of the relative spacing of
--     model numbers near X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = RRSPACING(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of the same type and kind as X.  The value
--     returned is equal to `ABS(FRACTION(X)) *
--     FLOAT(RADIX(X))**DIGITS(X)'.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note SPACING::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: RSHIFT,  Next: SCALE,  Prev: RRSPACING,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.184 `RSHIFT' -- Right shift bits
--==================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `RSHIFT' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits
--     shifted right by SHIFT places.  If the absolute value of SHIFT is
--     greater than `BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined.  Bits shifted
--     out from the left end are lost; zeros are shifted in from the
--     opposite end.
--
--     This function has been superseded by the `ISHFT' intrinsic, which
--     is standard in Fortran 95 and later.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = RSHIFT(I, SHIFT)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--     SHIFT      The type shall be `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ISHFT::, *note ISHFTC::, *note LSHIFT::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SCALE,  Next: SCAN,  Prev: RSHIFT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.185 `SCALE' -- Scale a real value
--===================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SCALE(X,I)' returns `X * RADIX(X)**I'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SCALE(X, I)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type of the argument shall be a `REAL'.
--     I          The type of the argument shall be a `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of the same type and kind as X.  Its value is
--     `X * RADIX(X)**I'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_scale
--            real :: x = 178.1387e-4
--            integer :: i = 5
--            print *, scale(x,i), x*radix(x)**i
--          end program test_scale
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SCAN,  Next: SECNDS,  Prev: SCALE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.186 `SCAN' -- Scan a string for the presence of a set of characters
--=====================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Scans a STRING for any of the characters in a SET of characters.
--
--     If BACK is either absent or equals `FALSE', this function returns
--     the position of the leftmost character of STRING that is in SET.
--     If BACK equals `TRUE', the rightmost position is returned. If no
--     character of SET is found in STRING, the result is zero.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SCAN(STRING, SET[, BACK [, KIND]])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING     Shall be of type `CHARACTER'.
--     SET        Shall be of type `CHARACTER'.
--     BACK       (Optional) shall be of type `LOGICAL'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is
--     absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_scan
--            WRITE(*,*) SCAN("FORTRAN", "AO")          ! 2, found 'O'
--            WRITE(*,*) SCAN("FORTRAN", "AO", .TRUE.)  ! 6, found 'A'
--            WRITE(*,*) SCAN("FORTRAN", "C++")         ! 0, found none
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note INDEX intrinsic::, *note VERIFY::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SECNDS,  Next: SECOND,  Prev: SCAN,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.187 `SECNDS' -- Time function
--===============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SECNDS(X)' gets the time in seconds from the real-time system
--     clock.  X is a reference time, also in seconds. If this is zero,
--     the time in seconds from midnight is returned. This function is
--     non-standard and its use is discouraged.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SECNDS (X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     T          Shall be of type `REAL(4)'.
--     X          Shall be of type `REAL(4)'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     None
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_secnds
--              integer :: i
--              real(4) :: t1, t2
--              print *, secnds (0.0)   ! seconds since midnight
--              t1 = secnds (0.0)       ! reference time
--              do i = 1, 10000000      ! do something
--              end do
--              t2 = secnds (t1)        ! elapsed time
--              print *, "Something took ", t2, " seconds."
--          end program test_secnds
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SECOND,  Next: SELECTED_CHAR_KIND,  Prev: SECNDS,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.188 `SECOND' -- CPU time function
--===================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns a `REAL(4)' value representing the elapsed CPU time in
--     seconds.  This provides the same functionality as the standard
--     `CPU_TIME' intrinsic, and is only included for backwards
--     compatibility.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL SECOND(TIME)'
--     `TIME = SECOND()'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     TIME       Shall be of type `REAL(4)'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     In either syntax, TIME is set to the process's current runtime in
--     seconds.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CPU_TIME::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SELECTED_CHAR_KIND,  Next: SELECTED_INT_KIND,  Prev: SECOND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.189 `SELECTED_CHAR_KIND' -- Choose character kind
--===================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SELECTED_CHAR_KIND(NAME)' returns the kind value for the character
--     set named NAME, if a character set with such a name is supported,
--     or -1 otherwise. Currently, supported character sets include
--     "ASCII" and "DEFAULT", which are equivalent.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SELECTED_CHAR_KIND(NAME)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     NAME       Shall be a scalar and of the default character
--                type.
--
--_Example_:
--          program ascii_kind
--            integer,parameter :: ascii = selected_char_kind("ascii")
--            character(kind=ascii, len=26) :: s
--
--            s = ascii_"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
--            print *, s
--          end program ascii_kind
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SELECTED_INT_KIND,  Next: SELECTED_REAL_KIND,  Prev: SELECTED_CHAR_KIND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.190 `SELECTED_INT_KIND' -- Choose integer kind
--================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SELECTED_INT_KIND(I)' return the kind value of the smallest
--     integer type that can represent all values ranging from -10^I
--     (exclusive) to 10^I (exclusive). If there is no integer kind that
--     accommodates this range, `SELECTED_INT_KIND' returns -1.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SELECTED_INT_KIND(I)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          Shall be a scalar and of type `INTEGER'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program large_integers
--            integer,parameter :: k5 = selected_int_kind(5)
--            integer,parameter :: k15 = selected_int_kind(15)
--            integer(kind=k5) :: i5
--            integer(kind=k15) :: i15
--
--            print *, huge(i5), huge(i15)
--
--            ! The following inequalities are always true
--            print *, huge(i5) >= 10_k5**5-1
--            print *, huge(i15) >= 10_k15**15-1
--          end program large_integers
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SELECTED_REAL_KIND,  Next: SET_EXPONENT,  Prev: SELECTED_INT_KIND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.191 `SELECTED_REAL_KIND' -- Choose real kind
--==============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SELECTED_REAL_KIND(P,R)' returns the kind value of a real data
--     type with decimal precision of at least `P' digits and exponent
--     range greater at least `R'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(P, R)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     P          (Optional) shall be a scalar and of type
--                `INTEGER'.
--     R          (Optional) shall be a scalar and of type
--                `INTEGER'.
--     At least one argument shall be present.
--
--_Return value_:
--     `SELECTED_REAL_KIND' returns the value of the kind type parameter
--     of a real data type with decimal precision of at least `P' digits
--     and a decimal exponent range of at least `R'. If more than one
--     real data type meet the criteria, the kind of the data type with
--     the smallest decimal precision is returned. If no real data type
--     matches the criteria, the result is
--    -1 if the processor does not support a real data type with a
--          precision greater than or equal to `P'
--
--    -2 if the processor does not support a real type with an exponent
--          range greater than or equal to `R'
--
--    -3 if neither is supported.
--
--_Example_:
--          program real_kinds
--            integer,parameter :: p6 = selected_real_kind(6)
--            integer,parameter :: p10r100 = selected_real_kind(10,100)
--            integer,parameter :: r400 = selected_real_kind(r=400)
--            real(kind=p6) :: x
--            real(kind=p10r100) :: y
--            real(kind=r400) :: z
--
--            print *, precision(x), range(x)
--            print *, precision(y), range(y)
--            print *, precision(z), range(z)
--          end program real_kinds
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SET_EXPONENT,  Next: SHAPE,  Prev: SELECTED_REAL_KIND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.192 `SET_EXPONENT' -- Set the exponent of the model
--=====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SET_EXPONENT(X, I)' returns the real number whose fractional part
--     is that that of X and whose exponent part is I.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SET_EXPONENT(X, I)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `REAL'.
--     I          Shall be of type `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of the same type and kind as X.  The real
--     number whose fractional part is that that of X and whose exponent
--     part if I is returned; it is `FRACTION(X) * RADIX(X)**I'.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_setexp
--            REAL :: x = 178.1387e-4
--            INTEGER :: i = 17
--            PRINT *, SET_EXPONENT(x, i), FRACTION(x) * RADIX(x)**i
--          END PROGRAM
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SHAPE,  Next: SIGN,  Prev: SET_EXPONENT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.193 `SHAPE' -- Determine the shape of an array
--================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determines the shape of an array.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SHAPE(SOURCE)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     SOURCE     Shall be an array or scalar of any type.  If
--                SOURCE is a pointer it must be associated and
--                allocatable arrays must be allocated.
--
--_Return value_:
--     An `INTEGER' array of rank one with as many elements as SOURCE has
--     dimensions. The elements of the resulting array correspond to the
--     extend of SOURCE along the respective dimensions. If SOURCE is a
--     scalar, the result is the rank one array of size zero.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_shape
--            INTEGER, DIMENSION(-1:1, -1:2) :: A
--            WRITE(*,*) SHAPE(A)             ! (/ 3, 4 /)
--            WRITE(*,*) SIZE(SHAPE(42))      ! (/ /)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note RESHAPE::, *note SIZE::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SIGN,  Next: SIGNAL,  Prev: SHAPE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.194 `SIGN' -- Sign copying function
--=====================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SIGN(A,B)' returns the value of A with the sign of B.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SIGN(A, B)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          Shall be of type `INTEGER' or `REAL'
--     B          Shall be of the same type and kind as A
--
--_Return value_:
--     The kind of the return value is that of A and B.  If B\ge 0 then
--     the result is `ABS(A)', else it is `-ABS(A)'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_sign
--            print *, sign(-12,1)
--            print *, sign(-12,0)
--            print *, sign(-12,-1)
--
--            print *, sign(-12.,1.)
--            print *, sign(-12.,0.)
--            print *, sign(-12.,-1.)
--          end program test_sign
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Arguments     Return type   Standard
--     `ISIGN(A,P)'  `INTEGER(4)'  `INTEGER(4)'  f95, gnu
--     `DSIGN(A,P)'  `REAL(8)'     `REAL(8)'     f95, gnu
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SIGNAL,  Next: SIN,  Prev: SIGN,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.195 `SIGNAL' -- Signal handling subroutine (or function)
--==========================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SIGNAL(NUMBER, HANDLER [, STATUS])' causes external subroutine
--     HANDLER to be executed with a single integer argument when signal
--     NUMBER occurs.  If HANDLER is an integer, it can be used to turn
--     off handling of signal NUMBER or revert to its default action.
--     See `signal(2)'.
--
--     If `SIGNAL' is called as a subroutine and the STATUS argument is
--     supplied, it is set to the value returned by `signal(2)'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL SIGNAL(NUMBER, HANDLER [, STATUS])'
--     `STATUS = SIGNAL(NUMBER, HANDLER)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     NUMBER     Shall be a scalar integer, with `INTENT(IN)'
--     HANDLER    Signal handler (`INTEGER FUNCTION' or
--                `SUBROUTINE') or dummy/global `INTEGER' scalar.
--                `INTEGER'. It is `INTENT(IN)'.
--     STATUS     (Optional) STATUS shall be a scalar integer.
--                It has `INTENT(OUT)'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The `SIGNAL' function returns the value returned by `signal(2)'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_signal
--            intrinsic signal
--            external handler_print
--
--            call signal (12, handler_print)
--            call signal (10, 1)
--
--            call sleep (30)
--          end program test_signal
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SIN,  Next: SINH,  Prev: SIGNAL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.196 `SIN' -- Sine function
--============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SIN(X)' computes the sine of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SIN(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value has same type and kind as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_sin
--            real :: x = 0.0
--            x = sin(x)
--          end program test_sin
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DSIN(X)'     `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     f95, gnu
--     `CSIN(X)'     `COMPLEX(4)   `COMPLEX(4)'  f95, gnu
--                   X'                          
--     `ZSIN(X)'     `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  f95, gnu
--                   X'                          
--     `CDSIN(X)'    `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  f95, gnu
--                   X'                          
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ASIN::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SINH,  Next: SIZE,  Prev: SIN,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.197 `SINH' -- Hyperbolic sine function
--========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SINH(X)' computes the hyperbolic sine of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SINH(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_sinh
--            real(8) :: x = - 1.0_8
--            x = sinh(x)
--          end program test_sinh
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DSINH(X)'    `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 95 and
--                                               later
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ASINH::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SIZE,  Next: SIZEOF,  Prev: SINH,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.198 `SIZE' -- Determine the size of an array
--==============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determine the extent of ARRAY along a specified dimension DIM, or
--     the total number of elements in ARRAY if DIM is absent.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SIZE(ARRAY[, DIM [, KIND]])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      Shall be an array of any type. If ARRAY is a
--                pointer it must be associated and allocatable
--                arrays must be allocated.
--     DIM        (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'
--                and its value shall be in the range from 1 to
--                n, where n equals the rank of ARRAY.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is
--     absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_size
--            WRITE(*,*) SIZE((/ 1, 2 /))    ! 2
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note SHAPE::, *note RESHAPE::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SIZEOF,  Next: SLEEP,  Prev: SIZE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.199 `SIZEOF' -- Size in bytes of an expression
--================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SIZEOF(X)' calculates the number of bytes of storage the
--     expression `X' occupies.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Intrinsic function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `N = SIZEOF(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The argument shall be of any type, rank or
--                shape.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type integer and of the system-dependent
--     kind C_SIZE_T (from the ISO_C_BINDING module). Its value is the
--     number of bytes occupied by the argument.  If the argument has the
--     `POINTER' attribute, the number of bytes of the storage area
--     pointed to is returned.  If the argument is of a derived type with
--     `POINTER' or `ALLOCATABLE' components, the return value doesn't
--     account for the sizes of the data pointed to by these components.
--
--_Example_:
--             integer :: i
--             real :: r, s(5)
--             print *, (sizeof(s)/sizeof(r) == 5)
--             end
--     The example will print `.TRUE.' unless you are using a platform
--     where default `REAL' variables are unusually padded.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note C_SIZEOF::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SLEEP,  Next: SNGL,  Prev: SIZEOF,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.200 `SLEEP' -- Sleep for the specified number of seconds
--==========================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Calling this subroutine causes the process to pause for SECONDS
--     seconds.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL SLEEP(SECONDS)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     SECONDS    The type shall be of default `INTEGER'.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_sleep
--            call sleep(5)
--          end
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SNGL,  Next: SPACING,  Prev: SLEEP,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.201 `SNGL' -- Convert double precision real to default real
--=============================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SNGL(A)' converts the double precision real A to a default real
--     value. This is an archaic form of `REAL' that is specific to one
--     type for A.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SNGL(A)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     A          The type shall be a double precision `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type default `REAL'.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note DBLE::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SPACING,  Next: SPREAD,  Prev: SNGL,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.202 `SPACING' -- Smallest distance between two numbers of a given type
--========================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determines the distance between the argument X and the nearest
--     adjacent number of the same type.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SPACING(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The result is of the same type as the input argument X.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_spacing
--            INTEGER, PARAMETER :: SGL = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=6, r=37)
--            INTEGER, PARAMETER :: DBL = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=13, r=200)
--
--            WRITE(*,*) spacing(1.0_SGL)      ! "1.1920929E-07"          on i686
--            WRITE(*,*) spacing(1.0_DBL)      ! "2.220446049250313E-016" on i686
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note RRSPACING::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SPREAD,  Next: SQRT,  Prev: SPACING,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.203 `SPREAD' -- Add a dimension to an array
--=============================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Replicates a SOURCE array NCOPIES times along a specified
--     dimension DIM.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SPREAD(SOURCE, DIM, NCOPIES)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     SOURCE     Shall be a scalar or an array of any type and
--                a rank less than seven.
--     DIM        Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' with a
--                value in the range from 1 to n+1, where n
--                equals the rank of SOURCE.
--     NCOPIES    Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The result is an array of the same type as SOURCE and has rank n+1
--     where n equals the rank of SOURCE.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_spread
--            INTEGER :: a = 1, b(2) = (/ 1, 2 /)
--            WRITE(*,*) SPREAD(A, 1, 2)            ! "1 1"
--            WRITE(*,*) SPREAD(B, 1, 2)            ! "1 1 2 2"
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note UNPACK::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SQRT,  Next: SRAND,  Prev: SPREAD,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.204 `SQRT' -- Square-root function
--====================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SQRT(X)' computes the square root of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SQRT(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' or `COMPLEX'.  The kind type
--     parameter is the same as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_sqrt
--            real(8) :: x = 2.0_8
--            complex :: z = (1.0, 2.0)
--            x = sqrt(x)
--            z = sqrt(z)
--          end program test_sqrt
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DSQRT(X)'    `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 95 and
--                                               later
--     `CSQRT(X)'    `COMPLEX(4)   `COMPLEX(4)'  Fortran 95 and
--                   X'                          later
--     `ZSQRT(X)'    `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  GNU extension
--                   X'                          
--     `CDSQRT(X)'   `COMPLEX(8)   `COMPLEX(8)'  GNU extension
--                   X'                          
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SRAND,  Next: STAT,  Prev: SQRT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.205 `SRAND' -- Reinitialize the random number generator
--=========================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `SRAND' reinitializes the pseudo-random number generator called by
--     `RAND' and `IRAND'. The new seed used by the generator is
--     specified by the required argument SEED.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL SRAND(SEED)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     SEED       Shall be a scalar `INTEGER(kind=4)'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     Does not return anything.
--
--_Example_:
--     See `RAND' and `IRAND' for examples.
--
--_Notes_:
--     The Fortran 2003 standard specifies the intrinsic `RANDOM_SEED' to
--     initialize the pseudo-random numbers generator and `RANDOM_NUMBER'
--     to generate pseudo-random numbers. Please note that in GNU
--     Fortran, these two sets of intrinsics (`RAND', `IRAND' and `SRAND'
--     on the one hand, `RANDOM_NUMBER' and `RANDOM_SEED' on the other
--     hand) access two independent pseudo-random number generators.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note RAND::, *note RANDOM_SEED::, *note RANDOM_NUMBER::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: STAT,  Next: SUM,  Prev: SRAND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.206 `STAT' -- Get file status
--===============================
--
--_Description_:
--     This function returns information about a file. No permissions are
--     required on the file itself, but execute (search) permission is
--     required on all of the directories in path that lead to the file.
--
--     The elements that are obtained and stored in the array `BUFF':
--     `buff(1)'  Device ID
--     `buff(2)'  Inode number
--     `buff(3)'  File mode
--     `buff(4)'  Number of links
--     `buff(5)'  Owner's uid
--     `buff(6)'  Owner's gid
--     `buff(7)'  ID of device containing directory entry for
--                file (0 if not available)
--     `buff(8)'  File size (bytes)
--     `buff(9)'  Last access time
--     `buff(10)' Last modification time
--     `buff(11)' Last file status change time
--     `buff(12)' Preferred I/O block size (-1 if not available)
--     `buff(13)' Number of blocks allocated (-1 if not
--                available)
--
--     Not all these elements are relevant on all systems.  If an element
--     is not relevant, it is returned as 0.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL STAT(FILE,BUFF[,STATUS])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     FILE       The type shall be `CHARACTER', of the default
--                kind and a valid path within the file system.
--     BUFF       The type shall be `INTEGER(4), DIMENSION(13)'.
--     STATUS     (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER(4)'.
--                Returns 0 on success and a system specific
--                error code otherwise.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_stat
--            INTEGER, DIMENSION(13) :: buff
--            INTEGER :: status
--
--            CALL STAT("/etc/passwd", buff, status)
--
--            IF (status == 0) THEN
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('Device ID:',               T30, I19)") buff(1)
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('Inode number:',            T30, I19)") buff(2)
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('File mode (octal):',       T30, O19)") buff(3)
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('Number of links:',         T30, I19)") buff(4)
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('Owner''s uid:',            T30, I19)") buff(5)
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('Owner''s gid:',            T30, I19)") buff(6)
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('Device where located:',    T30, I19)") buff(7)
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('File size:',               T30, I19)") buff(8)
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('Last access time:',        T30, A19)") CTIME(buff(9))
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('Last modification time',   T30, A19)") CTIME(buff(10))
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('Last status change time:', T30, A19)") CTIME(buff(11))
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('Preferred block size:',    T30, I19)") buff(12)
--              WRITE (*, FMT="('No. of blocks allocated:', T30, I19)") buff(13)
--            END IF
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     To stat an open file: *note FSTAT::, to stat a link: *note LSTAT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SUM,  Next: SYMLNK,  Prev: STAT,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.207 `SUM' -- Sum of array elements
--====================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Adds the elements of ARRAY along dimension DIM if the
--     corresponding element in MASK is `TRUE'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = SUM(ARRAY[, MASK])' `RESULT = SUM(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      Shall be an array of type `INTEGER', `REAL' or
--                `COMPLEX'.
--     DIM        (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'
--                with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n
--                equals the rank of ARRAY.
--     MASK       (Optional) shall be of type `LOGICAL' and
--                either be a scalar or an array of the same
--                shape as ARRAY.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The result is of the same type as ARRAY.
--
--     If DIM is absent, a scalar with the sum of all elements in ARRAY
--     is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals the
--     rank of ARRAY,and a shape similar to that of ARRAY with dimension
--     DIM dropped is returned.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_sum
--            INTEGER :: x(5) = (/ 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5 /)
--            print *, SUM(x)                        ! all elements, sum = 15
--            print *, SUM(x, MASK=MOD(x, 2)==1)     ! odd elements, sum = 9
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note PRODUCT::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SYMLNK,  Next: SYSTEM,  Prev: SUM,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.208 `SYMLNK' -- Create a symbolic link
--========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Makes a symbolic link from file PATH1 to PATH2. A null character
--     (`CHAR(0)') can be used to mark the end of the names in PATH1 and
--     PATH2; otherwise, trailing blanks in the file names are ignored.
--     If the STATUS argument is supplied, it contains 0 on success or a
--     nonzero error code upon return; see `symlink(2)'.  If the system
--     does not supply `symlink(2)', `ENOSYS' is returned.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL SYMLNK(PATH1, PATH2 [, STATUS])'
--     `STATUS = SYMLNK(PATH1, PATH2)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     PATH1      Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--     PATH2      Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--     STATUS     (Optional) Shall be of default `INTEGER' type.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note LINK::, *note UNLINK::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SYSTEM,  Next: SYSTEM_CLOCK,  Prev: SYMLNK,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.209 `SYSTEM' -- Execute a shell command
--=========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Passes the command COMMAND to a shell (see `system(3)'). If
--     argument STATUS is present, it contains the value returned by
--     `system(3)', which is presumably 0 if the shell command succeeded.
--     Note that which shell is used to invoke the command is
--     system-dependent and environment-dependent.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL SYSTEM(COMMAND [, STATUS])'
--     `STATUS = SYSTEM(COMMAND)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     COMMAND    Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--     STATUS     (Optional) Shall be of default `INTEGER' type.
--
--_See also_:
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: SYSTEM_CLOCK,  Next: TAN,  Prev: SYSTEM,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.210 `SYSTEM_CLOCK' -- Time function
--=====================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Determines the COUNT of milliseconds of wall clock time since the
--     Epoch (00:00:00 UTC, January 1, 1970) modulo COUNT_MAX, COUNT_RATE
--     determines the number of clock ticks per second.  COUNT_RATE and
--     COUNT_MAX are constant and specific to `gfortran'.
--
--     If there is no clock, COUNT is set to `-HUGE(COUNT)', and
--     COUNT_RATE and COUNT_MAX are set to zero
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL SYSTEM_CLOCK([COUNT, COUNT_RATE, COUNT_MAX])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--
--_Arguments_:
--     COUNT      (Optional) shall be a scalar of type default
--                `INTEGER' with `INTENT(OUT)'.
--     COUNT_RATE (Optional) shall be a scalar of type default
--                `INTEGER' with `INTENT(OUT)'.
--     COUNT_MAX  (Optional) shall be a scalar of type default
--                `INTEGER' with `INTENT(OUT)'.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_system_clock
--            INTEGER :: count, count_rate, count_max
--            CALL SYSTEM_CLOCK(count, count_rate, count_max)
--            WRITE(*,*) count, count_rate, count_max
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note DATE_AND_TIME::, *note CPU_TIME::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: TAN,  Next: TANH,  Prev: SYSTEM_CLOCK,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.211 `TAN' -- Tangent function
--===============================
--
--_Description_:
--     `TAN(X)' computes the tangent of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = TAN(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL'.  The kind type parameter is
--     the same as X.
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_tan
--            real(8) :: x = 0.165_8
--            x = tan(x)
--          end program test_tan
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DTAN(X)'     `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 95 and
--                                               later
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ATAN::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: TANH,  Next: TIME,  Prev: TAN,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.212 `TANH' -- Hyperbolic tangent function
--===========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `TANH(X)' computes the hyperbolic tangent of X.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 77 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `X = TANH(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `REAL' and lies in the range  - 1 \leq
--     tanh(x) \leq 1 .
--
--_Example_:
--          program test_tanh
--            real(8) :: x = 2.1_8
--            x = tanh(x)
--          end program test_tanh
--
--_Specific names_:
--     Name          Argument      Return type   Standard
--     `DTANH(X)'    `REAL(8) X'   `REAL(8)'     Fortran 95 and
--                                               later
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ATANH::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: TIME,  Next: TIME8,  Prev: TANH,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.213 `TIME' -- Time function
--=============================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the current time encoded as an integer (in the manner of
--     the UNIX function `time(3)'). This value is suitable for passing to
--     `CTIME()', `GMTIME()', and `LTIME()'.
--
--     This intrinsic is not fully portable, such as to systems with
--     32-bit `INTEGER' types but supporting times wider than 32 bits.
--     Therefore, the values returned by this intrinsic might be, or
--     become, negative, or numerically less than previous values, during
--     a single run of the compiled program.
--
--     See *note TIME8::, for information on a similar intrinsic that
--     might be portable to more GNU Fortran implementations, though to
--     fewer Fortran compilers.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = TIME()'
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a scalar of type `INTEGER(4)'.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note MCLOCK::,
--     *note TIME8::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: TIME8,  Next: TINY,  Prev: TIME,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.214 `TIME8' -- Time function (64-bit)
--=======================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the current time encoded as an integer (in the manner of
--     the UNIX function `time(3)'). This value is suitable for passing to
--     `CTIME()', `GMTIME()', and `LTIME()'.
--
--     _Warning:_ this intrinsic does not increase the range of the timing
--     values over that returned by `time(3)'. On a system with a 32-bit
--     `time(3)', `TIME8()' will return a 32-bit value, even though it is
--     converted to a 64-bit `INTEGER(8)' value. That means overflows of
--     the 32-bit value can still occur. Therefore, the values returned
--     by this intrinsic might be or become negative or numerically less
--     than previous values during a single run of the compiled program.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = TIME8()'
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is a scalar of type `INTEGER(8)'.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note MCLOCK8::,
--     *note TIME::
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: TINY,  Next: TRAILZ,  Prev: TIME8,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.215 `TINY' -- Smallest positive number of a real kind
--=======================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `TINY(X)' returns the smallest positive (non zero) number in the
--     model of the type of `X'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = TINY(X)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          Shall be of type `REAL'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of the same type and kind as X
--
--_Example_:
--     See `HUGE' for an example.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: TRAILZ,  Next: TRANSFER,  Prev: TINY,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.216 `TRAILZ' -- Number of trailing zero bits of an integer
--============================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     `TRAILZ' returns the number of trailing zero bits of an integer.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2008 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = TRAILZ(I)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     I          Shall be of type `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The type of the return value is the default `INTEGER'.  If all the
--     bits of `I' are zero, the result value is `BIT_SIZE(I)'.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_trailz
--            WRITE (*,*) TRAILZ(8)  ! prints 3
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note BIT_SIZE::, *note LEADZ::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: TRANSFER,  Next: TRANSPOSE,  Prev: TRAILZ,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.217 `TRANSFER' -- Transfer bit patterns
--=========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Interprets the bitwise representation of SOURCE in memory as if it
--     is the representation of a variable or array of the same type and
--     type parameters as MOLD.
--
--     This is approximately equivalent to the C concept of _casting_ one
--     type to another.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = TRANSFER(SOURCE, MOLD[, SIZE])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     SOURCE     Shall be a scalar or an array of any type.
--     MOLD       Shall be a scalar or an array of any type.
--     SIZE       (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The result has the same type as MOLD, with the bit level
--     representation of SOURCE.  If SIZE is present, the result is a
--     one-dimensional array of length SIZE.  If SIZE is absent but MOLD
--     is an array (of any size or shape), the result is a one-
--     dimensional array of the minimum length needed to contain the
--     entirety of the bitwise representation of SOURCE.   If SIZE is
--     absent and MOLD is a scalar, the result is a scalar.
--
--     If the bitwise representation of the result is longer than that of
--     SOURCE, then the leading bits of the result correspond to those of
--     SOURCE and any trailing bits are filled arbitrarily.
--
--     When the resulting bit representation does not correspond to a
--     valid representation of a variable of the same type as MOLD, the
--     results are undefined, and subsequent operations on the result
--     cannot be guaranteed to produce sensible behavior.  For example,
--     it is possible to create `LOGICAL' variables for which `VAR' and
--     `.NOT.VAR' both appear to be true.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_transfer
--            integer :: x = 2143289344
--            print *, transfer(x, 1.0)    ! prints "NaN" on i686
--          END PROGRAM
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: TRANSPOSE,  Next: TRIM,  Prev: TRANSFER,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.218 `TRANSPOSE' -- Transpose an array of rank two
--===================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Transpose an array of rank two. Element (i, j) of the result has
--     the value `MATRIX(j, i)', for all i, j.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = TRANSPOSE(MATRIX)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     MATRIX     Shall be an array of any type and have a rank
--                of two.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The result has the same type as MATRIX, and has shape `(/ m, n /)'
--     if MATRIX has shape `(/ n, m /)'.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: TRIM,  Next: TTYNAM,  Prev: TRANSPOSE,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.219 `TRIM' -- Remove trailing blank characters of a string
--============================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Removes trailing blank characters of a string.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = TRIM(STRING)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING     Shall be a scalar of type `CHARACTER'.
--
--_Return value_:
--     A scalar of type `CHARACTER' which length is that of STRING less
--     the number of trailing blanks.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_trim
--            CHARACTER(len=10), PARAMETER :: s = "GFORTRAN  "
--            WRITE(*,*) LEN(s), LEN(TRIM(s))  ! "10 8", with/without trailing blanks
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ADJUSTL::, *note ADJUSTR::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: TTYNAM,  Next: UBOUND,  Prev: TRIM,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.220 `TTYNAM' -- Get the name of a terminal device.
--====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Get the name of a terminal device. For more information, see
--     `ttyname(3)'.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL TTYNAM(UNIT, NAME)'
--     `NAME = TTYNAM(UNIT)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     UNIT       Shall be a scalar `INTEGER'.
--     NAME       Shall be of type `CHARACTER'.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_ttynam
--            INTEGER :: unit
--            DO unit = 1, 10
--              IF (isatty(unit=unit)) write(*,*) ttynam(unit)
--            END DO
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note ISATTY::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: UBOUND,  Next: UMASK,  Prev: TTYNAM,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.221 `UBOUND' -- Upper dimension bounds of an array
--====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Returns the upper bounds of an array, or a single upper bound
--     along the DIM dimension.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Inquiry function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = UBOUND(ARRAY [, DIM [, KIND]])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     ARRAY      Shall be an array, of any type.
--     DIM        (Optional) Shall be a scalar `INTEGER'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is
--     absent, the return value is of default integer kind.  If DIM is
--     absent, the result is an array of the upper bounds of ARRAY.  If
--     DIM is present, the result is a scalar corresponding to the upper
--     bound of the array along that dimension.  If ARRAY is an
--     expression rather than a whole array or array structure component,
--     or if it has a zero extent along the relevant dimension, the upper
--     bound is taken to be the number of elements along the relevant
--     dimension.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note LBOUND::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: UMASK,  Next: UNLINK,  Prev: UBOUND,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.222 `UMASK' -- Set the file creation mask
--===========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Sets the file creation mask to MASK and returns the old value in
--     argument OLD if it is supplied. See `umask(2)'.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL UMASK(MASK [, OLD])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     MASK       Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'.
--     MASK       (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'.
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: UNLINK,  Next: UNPACK,  Prev: UMASK,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.223 `UNLINK' -- Remove a file from the file system
--====================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Unlinks the file PATH. A null character (`CHAR(0)') can be used to
--     mark the end of the name in PATH; otherwise, trailing blanks in
--     the file name are ignored.  If the STATUS argument is supplied, it
--     contains 0 on success or a nonzero error code upon return; see
--     `unlink(2)'.
--
--     This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms;
--     however, only one form can be used in any given program unit.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Subroutine, function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `CALL UNLINK(PATH [, STATUS])'
--     `STATUS = UNLINK(PATH)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     PATH       Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type.
--     STATUS     (Optional) Shall be of default `INTEGER' type.
--
--_See also_:
--     *note LINK::, *note SYMLNK::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: UNPACK,  Next: VERIFY,  Prev: UNLINK,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.224 `UNPACK' -- Unpack an array of rank one into an array
--===========================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Store the elements of VECTOR in an array of higher rank.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Transformational function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = UNPACK(VECTOR, MASK, FIELD)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     VECTOR     Shall be an array of any type and rank one. It
--                shall have at least as many elements as MASK
--                has `TRUE' values.
--     MASK       Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL'.
--     FIELD      Shall be of the same type as VECTOR and have
--                the same shape as MASK.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The resulting array corresponds to FIELD with `TRUE' elements of
--     MASK replaced by values from VECTOR in array element order.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_unpack
--            integer :: vector(2)  = (/1,1/)
--            logical :: mask(4)  = (/ .TRUE., .FALSE., .FALSE., .TRUE. /)
--            integer :: field(2,2) = 0, unity(2,2)
--
--            ! result: unity matrix
--            unity = unpack(vector, reshape(mask, (/2,2/)), field)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note PACK::, *note SPREAD::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: VERIFY,  Next: XOR,  Prev: UNPACK,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.225 `VERIFY' -- Scan a string for the absence of a set of characters
--======================================================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Verifies that all the characters in a SET are present in a STRING.
--
--     If BACK is either absent or equals `FALSE', this function returns
--     the position of the leftmost character of STRING that is not in
--     SET. If BACK equals `TRUE', the rightmost position is returned. If
--     all characters of SET are found in STRING, the result is zero.
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later
--
--_Class_:
--     Elemental function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = VERIFY(STRING, SET[, BACK [, KIND]])'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     STRING     Shall be of type `CHARACTER'.
--     SET        Shall be of type `CHARACTER'.
--     BACK       (Optional) shall be of type `LOGICAL'.
--     KIND       (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization
--                expression indicating the kind parameter of
--                the result.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is
--     absent, the return value is of default integer kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_verify
--            WRITE(*,*) VERIFY("FORTRAN", "AO")           ! 1, found 'F'
--            WRITE(*,*) VERIFY("FORTRAN", "FOO")          ! 3, found 'R'
--            WRITE(*,*) VERIFY("FORTRAN", "C++")          ! 1, found 'F'
--            WRITE(*,*) VERIFY("FORTRAN", "C++", .TRUE.)  ! 7, found 'N'
--            WRITE(*,*) VERIFY("FORTRAN", "FORTRAN")      ! 0' found none
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     *note SCAN::, *note INDEX intrinsic::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: XOR,  Prev: VERIFY,  Up: Intrinsic Procedures
--
--7.226 `XOR' -- Bitwise logical exclusive OR
--===========================================
--
--_Description_:
--     Bitwise logical exclusive or.
--
--     This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with
--     GNU Fortran 77.  For integer arguments, programmers should consider
--     the use of the *note IEOR:: intrinsic defined by the Fortran
--     standard.
--
--_Standard_:
--     GNU extension
--
--_Class_:
--     Function
--
--_Syntax_:
--     `RESULT = XOR(X, Y)'
--
--_Arguments_:
--     X          The type shall be either  a scalar `INTEGER'
--                type or a scalar `LOGICAL' type.
--     Y          The type shall be the same as the type of I.
--
--_Return value_:
--     The return type is either a scalar `INTEGER' or a scalar
--     `LOGICAL'.  If the kind type parameters differ, then the smaller
--     kind type is implicitly converted to larger kind, and the return
--     has the larger kind.
--
--_Example_:
--          PROGRAM test_xor
--            LOGICAL :: T = .TRUE., F = .FALSE.
--            INTEGER :: a, b
--            DATA a / Z'F' /, b / Z'3' /
--
--            WRITE (*,*) XOR(T, T), XOR(T, F), XOR(F, T), XOR(F, F)
--            WRITE (*,*) XOR(a, b)
--          END PROGRAM
--
--_See also_:
--     Fortran 95 elemental function: *note IEOR::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Intrinsic Modules,  Next: Contributing,  Prev: Intrinsic Procedures,  Up: Top
--
--8 Intrinsic Modules
--*******************
--
--8.1 `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'
--=====================
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later
--
--   The `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV' module provides the following scalar
--default-integer named constants:
--
--`CHARACTER_STORAGE_SIZE':
--     Size in bits of the character storage unit.
--
--`ERROR_UNIT':
--     Identifies the preconnected unit used for error reporting.
--
--`FILE_STORAGE_SIZE':
--     Size in bits of the file-storage unit.
--
--`INPUT_UNIT':
--     Identifies the preconnected unit identified by the asterisk (`*')
--     in `READ' statement.
--
--`IOSTAT_END':
--     The value assigned to the variable passed to the IOSTAT= specifier
--     of an input/output statement if an end-of-file condition occurred.
--
--`IOSTAT_EOR':
--     The value assigned to the variable passed to the IOSTAT= specifier
--     of an input/output statement if an end-of-record condition
--     occurred.
--
--`NUMERIC_STORAGE_SIZE':
--     The size in bits of the numeric storage unit.
--
--`OUTPUT_UNIT':
--     Identifies the preconnected unit identified by the asterisk (`*')
--     in `WRITE' statement.
--
--8.2 `ISO_C_BINDING'
--===================
--
--_Standard_:
--     Fortran 2003 and later, GNU extensions
--
--   The following intrinsic procedures are provided by the module; their
--definition can be found in the section Intrinsic Procedures of this
--manual.
--
--`C_ASSOCIATED'
--
--`C_F_POINTER'
--
--`C_F_PROCPOINTER'
--
--`C_FUNLOC'
--
--`C_LOC'
--
--   The `ISO_C_BINDING' module provides the following named constants of
--the type integer, which can be used as KIND type parameter. Note that
--GNU Fortran currently does not support the `C_INT_FAST...' KIND type
--parameters (marked by an asterisk (`*') in the list below).  The
--`C_INT_FAST...' parameters have therefore the value -2 and cannot be
--used as KIND type parameter of the `INTEGER' type.
--
--   In addition to the integer named constants required by the Fortran
--2003 standard, GNU Fortran provides as an extension named constants for
--the 128-bit integer types supported by the C compiler: `C_INT128_T,
--C_INT_LEAST128_T, C_INT_FAST128_T'.
--
--Fortran     Named constant            C type                    Extension
--Type                                                            
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT'                   `int'                     
--`INTEGER'   `C_SHORT'                 `short int'               
--`INTEGER'   `C_LONG'                  `long int'                
--`INTEGER'   `C_LONG_LONG'             `long long int'           
--`INTEGER'   `C_SIGNED_CHAR'           `signed char'/`unsigned   
--                                      char'                     
--`INTEGER'   `C_SIZE_T'                `size_t'                  
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT8_T'                `int8_t'                  
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT16_T'               `int16_t'                 
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT32_T'               `int32_t'                 
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT64_T'               `int64_t'                 
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT128_T'              `int128_t'                Ext.
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT_LEAST8_T'          `int_least8_t'            
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT_LEAST16_T'         `int_least16_t'           
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT_LEAST32_T'         `int_least32_t'           
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT_LEAST64_T'         `int_least64_t'           
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT_LEAST128_T'        `int_least128_t'          Ext.
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT_FAST8_T'*          `int_fast8_t'             
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT_FAST16_T'*         `int_fast16_t'            
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT_FAST32_T'*         `int_fast32_t'            
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT_FAST64_T'*         `int_fast64_t'            
--`INTEGER'   `C_INT_FAST128_T'*        `int_fast128_t'           Ext.
--`INTEGER'   `C_INTMAX_T'              `intmax_t'                
--`INTEGER'   `C_INTPTR_T'              `intptr_t'                
--`REAL'      `C_FLOAT'                 `float'                   
--`REAL'      `C_DOUBLE'                `double'                  
--`REAL'      `C_LONG_DOUBLE'           `long double'             
--`COMPLEX'   `C_FLOAT_COMPLEX'         `float _Complex'          
--`COMPLEX'   `C_DOUBLE_COMPLEX'        `double _Complex'         
--`COMPLEX'   `C_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPLEX'   `long double _Complex'    
--`LOGICAL'   `C_BOOL'                  `_Bool'                   
--`CHARACTER' `C_CHAR'                  `char'                    
--
--   Additionally, the following `(CHARACTER(KIND=C_CHAR))' are defined.
--
--Name           C definition                     Value
--`C_NULL_CHAR'  null character                   `'\0''
--`C_ALERT'      alert                            `'\a''
--`C_BACKSPACE'  backspace                        `'\b''
--`C_FORM_FEED'  form feed                        `'\f''
--`C_NEW_LINE'   new line                         `'\n''
--`C_CARRIAGE_RETURN'carriage return                  `'\r''
--`C_HORIZONTAL_TAB'horizontal tab                   `'\t''
--`C_VERTICAL_TAB'vertical tab                     `'\v''
--
--8.3 OpenMP Modules `OMP_LIB' and `OMP_LIB_KINDS'
--================================================
--
--_Standard_:
--     OpenMP Application Program Interface v3.0
--
--   The OpenMP Fortran runtime library routines are provided both in a
--form of two Fortran 90 modules, named `OMP_LIB' and `OMP_LIB_KINDS',
--and in a form of a Fortran `include' file named `omp_lib.h'. The
--procedures provided by `OMP_LIB' can be found in the *note
--Introduction: (libgomp)Top. manual, the named constants defined in the
--`OMP_LIB_KINDS' module are listed below.
--
--   For details refer to the actual OpenMP Application Program Interface
--v3.0 (http://www.openmp.org/mp-documents/spec30.pdf).
--
--   `OMP_LIB_KINDS' provides the following scalar default-integer named
--constants:
--
--`omp_integer_kind'
--
--`omp_logical_kind'
--
--`omp_lock_kind'
--
--`omp_nest_lock_kind'
--
--`omp_sched_kind'
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Contributing,  Next: Copying,  Prev: Intrinsic Modules,  Up: Top
--
--Contributing
--************
--
--Free software is only possible if people contribute to efforts to
--create it.  We're always in need of more people helping out with ideas
--and comments, writing documentation and contributing code.
--
--   If you want to contribute to GNU Fortran, have a look at the long
--lists of projects you can take on.  Some of these projects are small,
--some of them are large; some are completely orthogonal to the rest of
--what is happening on GNU Fortran, but others are "mainstream" projects
--in need of enthusiastic hackers.  All of these projects are important!
--We'll eventually get around to the things here, but they are also
--things doable by someone who is willing and able.
--
--* Menu:
--
--* Contributors::
--* Projects::
--* Proposed Extensions::
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Contributors,  Next: Projects,  Up: Contributing
--
--Contributors to GNU Fortran
--===========================
--
--Most of the parser was hand-crafted by _Andy Vaught_, who is also the
--initiator of the whole project.  Thanks Andy!  Most of the interface
--with GCC was written by _Paul Brook_.
--
--   The following individuals have contributed code and/or ideas and
--significant help to the GNU Fortran project (in alphabetical order):
--
--   - Janne Blomqvist
--
--   - Steven Bosscher
--
--   - Paul Brook
--
--   - Tobias Burnus
--
--   - Franc,ois-Xavier Coudert
--
--   - Bud Davis
--
--   - Jerry DeLisle
--
--   - Erik Edelmann
--
--   - Bernhard Fischer
--
--   - Daniel Franke
--
--   - Richard Guenther
--
--   - Richard Henderson
--
--   - Katherine Holcomb
--
--   - Jakub Jelinek
--
--   - Niels Kristian Bech Jensen
--
--   - Steven Johnson
--
--   - Steven G. Kargl
--
--   - Thomas Koenig
--
--   - Asher Langton
--
--   - H. J. Lu
--
--   - Toon Moene
--
--   - Brooks Moses
--
--   - Andrew Pinski
--
--   - Tim Prince
--
--   - Christopher D. Rickett
--
--   - Richard Sandiford
--
--   - Tobias Schlu"ter
--
--   - Roger Sayle
--
--   - Paul Thomas
--
--   - Andy Vaught
--
--   - Feng Wang
--
--   - Janus Weil
--
--   The following people have contributed bug reports, smaller or larger
--patches, and much needed feedback and encouragement for the GNU Fortran
--project:
--
--   - Bill Clodius
--
--   - Dominique d'Humie`res
--
--   - Kate Hedstrom
--
--   - Erik Schnetter
--
--   Many other individuals have helped debug, test and improve the GNU
--Fortran compiler over the past few years, and we welcome you to do the
--same!  If you already have done so, and you would like to see your name
--listed in the list above, please contact us.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Projects,  Next: Proposed Extensions,  Prev: Contributors,  Up: Contributing
--
--Projects
--========
--
--_Help build the test suite_
--     Solicit more code for donation to the test suite: the more
--     extensive the testsuite, the smaller the risk of breaking things
--     in the future! We can keep code private on request.
--
--_Bug hunting/squishing_
--     Find bugs and write more test cases! Test cases are especially very
--     welcome, because it allows us to concentrate on fixing bugs
--     instead of isolating them. Going through the bugzilla database at
--     `http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/' to reduce testcases posted there and
--     add more information (for example, for which version does the
--     testcase work, for which versions does it fail?) is also very
--     helpful.
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Proposed Extensions,  Prev: Projects,  Up: Contributing
--
--Proposed Extensions
--===================
--
--Here's a list of proposed extensions for the GNU Fortran compiler, in
--no particular order.  Most of these are necessary to be fully
--compatible with existing Fortran compilers, but they are not part of
--the official J3 Fortran 95 standard.
--
--Compiler extensions:
----------------------
--
--   * User-specified alignment rules for structures.
--
--   * Flag to generate `Makefile' info.
--
--   * Automatically extend single precision constants to double.
--
--   * Compile code that conserves memory by dynamically allocating
--     common and module storage either on stack or heap.
--
--   * Compile flag to generate code for array conformance checking
--     (suggest -CC).
--
--   * User control of symbol names (underscores, etc).
--
--   * Compile setting for maximum size of stack frame size before
--     spilling parts to static or heap.
--
--   * Flag to force local variables into static space.
--
--   * Flag to force local variables onto stack.
--
--Environment Options
---------------------
--
--   * Pluggable library modules for random numbers, linear algebra.  LA
--     should use BLAS calling conventions.
--
--   * Environment variables controlling actions on arithmetic exceptions
--     like overflow, underflow, precision loss--Generate NaN, abort,
--     default.  action.
--
--   * Set precision for fp units that support it (i387).
--
--   * Variable for setting fp rounding mode.
--
--   * Variable to fill uninitialized variables with a user-defined bit
--     pattern.
--
--   * Environment variable controlling filename that is opened for that
--     unit number.
--
--   * Environment variable to clear/trash memory being freed.
--
--   * Environment variable to control tracing of allocations and frees.
--
--   * Environment variable to display allocated memory at normal program
--     end.
--
--   * Environment variable for filename for * IO-unit.
--
--   * Environment variable for temporary file directory.
--
--   * Environment variable forcing standard output to be line buffered
--     (unix).
--
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Copying,  Next: GNU Free Documentation License,  Prev: Contributing,  Up: Top
--
--GNU General Public License
--**************************
--
--                        Version 3, 29 June 2007
--
--     Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. `http://fsf.org/'
--
--     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
--     license document, but changing it is not allowed.
--
--Preamble
--========
--
--The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software
--and other kinds of works.
--
--   The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
--to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
--the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
--share and change all versions of a program-to make sure it remains free
--software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
--GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
--any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
--your programs, too.
--
--   When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
--price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
--have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
--them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
--want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
--free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
--
--   To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
--these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you
--have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software,
--or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
--
--   For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
--gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
--freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
--or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
--know their rights.
--
--   Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
--(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
--giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
--
--   For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
--that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
--authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
--changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
--authors of previous versions.
--
--   Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
--modified versions of the software inside them, although the
--manufacturer can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the
--aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The
--systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for
--individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.
--Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the
--practice for those products.  If such problems arise substantially in
--other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains
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--
--   Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
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--   The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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--
--TERMS AND CONDITIONS
--====================
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--  0. Definitions.
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--     "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public
--     License.
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--     "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other
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--     You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
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--       d. If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
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--  6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
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--       b. Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
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--       e. Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission,
--          provided you inform other peers where the object code and
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--
--
--     A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is
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--     A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means
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--     functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or
--     interfered with solely because modification has been made.
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--     If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with,
--     or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying
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--     this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party
--     retains the ability to install modified object code on the User
--     Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).
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--     The requirement to provide Installation Information does not
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--
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--     publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the
--     public in source code form), and must require no special password
--     or key for unpacking, reading or copying.
--
--  7. Additional Terms.
--
--     "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of
--     this License by making exceptions from one or more of its
--     conditions.  Additional permissions that are applicable to the
--     entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in
--     this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable
--     law.  If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program,
--     that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the
--     entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to
--     the additional permissions.
--
--     When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
--     remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part
--     of it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
--     removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
--     additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
--     for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
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--     Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material
--     you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright
--     holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License
--     with terms:
--
--       a. Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from
--          the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
--
--       b. Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices
--          or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate
--          Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or
--
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--       d. Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors
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--
--       e. Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
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--     All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
--     restrictions" within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as
--     you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that
--     it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further
--     restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document
--     contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or
--     conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work
--     material governed by the terms of that license document, provided
--     that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or
--     conveying.
--
--     If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
--     must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
--     additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
--     where to find the applicable terms.
--
--     Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in
--     the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
--     the above requirements apply either way.
--
--  8. Termination.
--
--     You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
--     provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
--     modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights
--     under this License (including any patent licenses granted under
--     the third paragraph of section 11).
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--     However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
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--     and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the
--     copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some
--     reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
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--     Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
--     reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
--     violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
--     received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from
--     that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days
--     after your receipt of the notice.
--
--     Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate
--     the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from
--     you under this License.  If your rights have been terminated and
--     not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new
--     licenses for the same material under section 10.
--
--  9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
--
--     You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
--     run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
--     occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer
--     transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require
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--     permission to propagate or modify any covered work.  These actions
--     infringe copyright if you do not accept this License.  Therefore,
--     by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your
--     acceptance of this License to do so.
--
-- 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
--
--     Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
--     receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
--     propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not
--     responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this
--     License.
--
--     An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
--     organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
--     organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a
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--
--     You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
--     rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you
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--     initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a
--     lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making,
--     using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any
--     portion of it.
--
-- 11. Patents.
--
--     A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
--     License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.
--     The work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor
--     version".
--
--     A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
--     owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
--     hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner,
--     permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its
--     contributor version, but do not include claims that would be
--     infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the
--     contributor version.  For purposes of this definition, "control"
--     includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner
--     consistent with the requirements of this License.
--
--     Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide,
--     royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential
--     patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and
--     otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its
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--
--     In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any
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--     enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a
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--     "grant" such a patent license to a party means to make such an
--     agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
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--     If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent
--     license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available
--     for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this
--     License, through a publicly available network server or other
--     readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the
--     Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive
--     yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular
--     work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements
--     of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream
--     recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have actual knowledge
--     that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work
--     in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a
--     country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
--     country that you have reason to believe are valid.
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--     If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
--     arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
--     covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
--     receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate,
--     modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the
--     patent license you grant is automatically extended to all
--     recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
--
--     A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
--     the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
--     conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that
--     are specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a
--     covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third
--     party that is in the business of distributing software, under
--     which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of
--     your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third
--     party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered
--     work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection
--     with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made
--     from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with
--     specific products or compilations that contain the covered work,
--     unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license
--     was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
--
--     Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
--     any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
--     otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
--
-- 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
--
--     If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
--     agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
--     License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
--     License.  If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy
--     simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other
--     pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it
--     at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to
--     collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you
--     convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those
--     terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying
--     the Program.
--
-- 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
--
--     Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
--     permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
--     under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a
--     single combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms
--     of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the
--     covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero
--     General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through
--     a network will apply to the combination as such.
--
-- 14. Revised Versions of this License.
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--     The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
--     versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time.
--     Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present
--     version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
--     concerns.
--
--     Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
--     Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU
--     General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you
--     have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
--     that numbered version or of any later version published by the
--     Free Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a
--     version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose
--     any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
--
--     If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
--     versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that
--     proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
--     authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
--
--     Later license versions may give you additional or different
--     permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
--     author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
--     later version.
--
-- 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
--
--     THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
--     APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE
--     COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS"
--     WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,
--     INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
--     MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE
--     RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.
--     SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
--     NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
--
-- 16. Limitation of Liability.
--
--     IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
--     WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES
--     AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU
--     FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
--     CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE
--     THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA
--     BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
--     PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
--     PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF
--     THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
--
-- 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
--
--     If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
--     above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
--     reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely
--     approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in
--     connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of
--     liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
--
--
--END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
--===========================
--
--How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
--=============================================
--
--If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
--possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
--free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
--terms.
--
--   To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
--to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
--state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
--"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
--
--     ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
--     Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR
--
--     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
--     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
--     the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
--     your option) any later version.
--
--     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
--     WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
--     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
--     General Public License for more details.
--
--     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
--     along with this program.  If not, see `http://www.gnu.org/licenses/'.
--
--   Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
--mail.
--
--   If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
--notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
--
--     PROGRAM Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR
--     This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
--     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
--     under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
--
--   The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
--appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your
--program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would
--use an "about box".
--
--   You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
--school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
--necessary.  For more information on this, and how to apply and follow
--the GNU GPL, see `http://www.gnu.org/licenses/'.
--
--   The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
--program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine
--library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
--applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the
--GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.  But first,
--please read `http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html'.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: GNU Free Documentation License,  Next: Funding,  Prev: Copying,  Up: Top
--
--GNU Free Documentation License
--******************************
--
--                      Version 1.2, November 2002
--
--     Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
--     51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
--
--     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
--     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
--
--  0. PREAMBLE
--
--     The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
--     functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
--     assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
--     with or without modifying it, either commercially or
--     noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the
--     author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
--     being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
--
--     This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
--     works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
--     It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
--     license designed for free software.
--
--     We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
--     free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
--     free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
--     that the software does.  But this License is not limited to
--     software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
--     of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book.
--     We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
--     instruction or reference.
--
--  1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
--
--     This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
--     that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it
--     can be distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice
--     grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
--     to use that work under the conditions stated herein.  The
--     "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work.  Any member
--     of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You
--     accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a
--     way requiring permission under copyright law.
--
--     A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
--     Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
--     modifications and/or translated into another language.
--
--     A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
--     of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
--     publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
--     subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
--     fall directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document
--     is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
--     explain any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of
--     historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
--     of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
--     regarding them.
--
--     The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
--     titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in
--     the notice that says that the Document is released under this
--     License.  If a section does not fit the above definition of
--     Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.
--     The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections.  If the Document
--     does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
--
--     The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
--     listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
--     that says that the Document is released under this License.  A
--     Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
--     be at most 25 words.
--
--     A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
--     represented in a format whose specification is available to the
--     general public, that is suitable for revising the document
--     straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
--     composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some
--     widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to
--     text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of
--     formats suitable for input to text formatters.  A copy made in an
--     otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of
--     markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent
--     modification by readers is not Transparent.  An image format is
--     not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text.  A
--     copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
--
--     Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
--     ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
--     SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
--     standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for
--     human modification.  Examples of transparent image formats include
--     PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats include proprietary formats that
--     can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or
--     XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
--     available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF
--     produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
--
--     The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
--     plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
--     material this License requires to appear in the title page.  For
--     works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
--     Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
--     work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
--
--     A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document
--     whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
--     following text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ
--     stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
--     "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)
--     To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
--     Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
--     to this definition.
--
--     The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
--     which states that this License applies to the Document.  These
--     Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
--     this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
--     implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
--     has no effect on the meaning of this License.
--
--  2. VERBATIM COPYING
--
--     You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
--     commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
--     copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
--     applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
--     add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You
--     may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
--     or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However,
--     you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.  If you
--     distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow
--     the conditions in section 3.
--
--     You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
--     and you may publicly display copies.
--
--  3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
--
--     If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
--     have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
--     the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
--     enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
--     these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
--     Back-Cover Texts on the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly
--     and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.  The
--     front cover must present the full title with all words of the
--     title equally prominent and visible.  You may add other material
--     on the covers in addition.  Copying with changes limited to the
--     covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
--     satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in
--     other respects.
--
--     If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
--     legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
--     reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
--     adjacent pages.
--
--     If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
--     numbering more than 100, you must either include a
--     machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or
--     state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from
--     which the general network-using public has access to download
--     using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent
--     copy of the Document, free of added material.  If you use the
--     latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you
--     begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
--     this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
--     location until at least one year after the last time you
--     distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
--     retailers) of that edition to the public.
--
--     It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
--     the Document well before redistributing any large number of
--     copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated
--     version of the Document.
--
--  4. MODIFICATIONS
--
--     You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
--     under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
--     release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with
--     the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus
--     licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to
--     whoever possesses a copy of it.  In addition, you must do these
--     things in the Modified Version:
--
--       A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
--          distinct from that of the Document, and from those of
--          previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed
--          in the History section of the Document).  You may use the
--          same title as a previous version if the original publisher of
--          that version gives permission.
--
--       B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
--          entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
--          the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
--          principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
--          authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
--          from this requirement.
--
--       C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
--          Modified Version, as the publisher.
--
--       D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
--
--       E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
--          adjacent to the other copyright notices.
--
--       F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
--          notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
--          Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
--          the Addendum below.
--
--       G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
--          Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
--          license notice.
--
--       H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
--
--       I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
--          and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
--          authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on
--          the Title Page.  If there is no section Entitled "History" in
--          the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors,
--          and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page,
--          then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in
--          the previous sentence.
--
--       J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
--          for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
--          likewise the network locations given in the Document for
--          previous versions it was based on.  These may be placed in
--          the "History" section.  You may omit a network location for a
--          work that was published at least four years before the
--          Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version
--          it refers to gives permission.
--
--       K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
--          Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the
--          section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
--          acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
--
--       L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
--          unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
--          or the equivalent are not considered part of the section
--          titles.
--
--       M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
--          may not be included in the Modified Version.
--
--       N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
--          "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
--          Section.
--
--       O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
--
--     If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
--     appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
--     material copied from the Document, you may at your option
--     designate some or all of these sections as invariant.  To do this,
--     add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
--     Version's license notice.  These titles must be distinct from any
--     other section titles.
--
--     You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
--     nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
--     parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
--     has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
--     definition of a standard.
--
--     You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
--     and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end
--     of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one
--     passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
--     added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the
--     Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
--     previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity
--     you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
--     replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
--     publisher that added the old one.
--
--     The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
--     License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
--     assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
--
--  5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
--
--     You may combine the Document with other documents released under
--     this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
--     modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
--     all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
--     unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
--     combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
--     their Warranty Disclaimers.
--
--     The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
--     multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
--     copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
--     but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
--     by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
--     original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
--     unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
--     the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
--     combined work.
--
--     In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
--     "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
--     Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
--     "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You
--     must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."
--
--  6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
--
--     You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
--     documents released under this License, and replace the individual
--     copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
--     that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
--     rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
--     documents in all other respects.
--
--     You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
--     distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
--     a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow
--     this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of
--     that document.
--
--  7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
--
--     A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
--     separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
--     a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
--     copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
--     legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
--     works permit.  When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
--     License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
--     are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
--
--     If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
--     copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
--     of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
--     on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
--     electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
--     form.  Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
--     the whole aggregate.
--
--  8. TRANSLATION
--
--     Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
--     distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
--     4.  Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
--     permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
--     translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
--     original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
--     translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
--     Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
--     include the original English version of this License and the
--     original versions of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a
--     disagreement between the translation and the original version of
--     this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
--     prevail.
--
--     If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
--     "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to
--     Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
--     actual title.
--
--  9. TERMINATION
--
--     You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
--     except as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other
--     attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
--     void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
--     License.  However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
--     from you under this License will not have their licenses
--     terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
--
-- 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
--
--     The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
--     the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
--     versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
--     differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
--     `http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/'.
--
--     Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
--     number.  If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
--     version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
--     have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
--     that specified version or of any later version that has been
--     published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If
--     the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
--     you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
--     Free Software Foundation.
--
--ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
--====================================================
--
--To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
--the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
--notices just after the title page:
--
--       Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
--       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
--       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
--       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
--       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
--       Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
--       Free Documentation License''.
--
--   If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
--Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
--
--         with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
--         the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
--         being LIST.
--
--   If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
--combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
--situation.
--
--   If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
--recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
--free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
--permit their use in free software.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Funding,  Next: Option Index,  Prev: GNU Free Documentation License,  Up: Top
--
--Funding Free Software
--*********************
--
--If you want to have more free software a few years from now, it makes
--sense for you to help encourage people to contribute funds for its
--development.  The most effective approach known is to encourage
--commercial redistributors to donate.
--
--   Users of free software systems can boost the pace of development by
--encouraging for-a-fee distributors to donate part of their selling price
--to free software developers--the Free Software Foundation, and others.
--
--   The way to convince distributors to do this is to demand it and
--expect it from them.  So when you compare distributors, judge them
--partly by how much they give to free software development.  Show
--distributors they must compete to be the one who gives the most.
--
--   To make this approach work, you must insist on numbers that you can
--compare, such as, "We will donate ten dollars to the Frobnitz project
--for each disk sold."  Don't be satisfied with a vague promise, such as
--"A portion of the profits are donated," since it doesn't give a basis
--for comparison.
--
--   Even a precise fraction "of the profits from this disk" is not very
--meaningful, since creative accounting and unrelated business decisions
--can greatly alter what fraction of the sales price counts as profit.
--If the price you pay is $50, ten percent of the profit is probably less
--than a dollar; it might be a few cents, or nothing at all.
--
--   Some redistributors do development work themselves.  This is useful
--too; but to keep everyone honest, you need to inquire how much they do,
--and what kind.  Some kinds of development make much more long-term
--difference than others.  For example, maintaining a separate version of
--a program contributes very little; maintaining the standard version of a
--program for the whole community contributes much.  Easy new ports
--contribute little, since someone else would surely do them; difficult
--ports such as adding a new CPU to the GNU Compiler Collection
--contribute more; major new features or packages contribute the most.
--
--   By establishing the idea that supporting further development is "the
--proper thing to do" when distributing free software for a fee, we can
--assure a steady flow of resources into making more free software.
--
--     Copyright (C) 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
--     Verbatim copying and redistribution of this section is permitted
--     without royalty; alteration is not permitted.
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Option Index,  Next: Keyword Index,  Prev: Funding,  Up: Top
--
--Option Index
--************
--
--`gfortran''s command line options are indexed here without any initial
--`-' or `--'. Where an option has both positive and negative forms (such
--as -foption and -fno-option), relevant entries in the manual are
--indexed under the most appropriate form; it may sometimes be useful to
--look up both forms.
--
--
--* Menu:
--
--* A-PREDICATE=ANSWER:                    Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 120)
--* APREDICATE=ANSWER:                     Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 114)
--* backslash:                             Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  59)
--* C:                                     Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 123)
--* CC:                                    Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 138)
--* cpp:                                   Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  13)
--* dD:                                    Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  35)
--* dI:                                    Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  51)
--* dM:                                    Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  26)
--* dN:                                    Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  41)
--* DNAME:                                 Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 153)
--* DNAME=DEFINITION:                      Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 156)
--* dU:                                    Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  44)
--* falign-commons:                        Code Gen Options.    (line 255)
--* fall-intrinsics:                       Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  18)
--* fbacktrace:                            Debugging Options.   (line  31)
--* fblas-matmul-limit:                    Code Gen Options.    (line 214)
--* fbounds-check:                         Code Gen Options.    (line 130)
--* fcheck-array-temporaries:              Code Gen Options.    (line 144)
--* fconvert=CONVERSION:                   Runtime Options.     (line   9)
--* fcray-pointer:                         Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line 105)
--* fd-lines-as-code:                      Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  29)
--* fd-lines-as-comments:                  Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  29)
--* fdefault-double-8:                     Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  36)
--* fdefault-integer-8:                    Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  44)
--* fdefault-real-8:                       Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  49)
--* fdollar-ok:                            Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  56)
--* fdump-core:                            Debugging Options.   (line  38)
--* fdump-parse-tree:                      Debugging Options.   (line  10)
--* fexternal-blas:                        Code Gen Options.    (line 206)
--* ff2c:                                  Code Gen Options.    (line  25)
--* ffixed-line-length-N:                  Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  76)
--* ffpe-trap=LIST:                        Debugging Options.   (line  14)
--* ffree-form:                            Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  12)
--* ffree-line-length-N:                   Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  89)
--* fimplicit-none:                        Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line 100)
--* finit-character:                       Code Gen Options.    (line 238)
--* finit-integer:                         Code Gen Options.    (line 238)
--* finit-local-zero:                      Code Gen Options.    (line 238)
--* finit-logical:                         Code Gen Options.    (line 238)
--* finit-real:                            Code Gen Options.    (line 238)
--* fintrinsic-modules-path DIR:           Directory Options.   (line  40)
--* fmax-array-constructor:                Code Gen Options.    (line 152)
--* fmax-errors=N:                         Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  27)
--* fmax-identifier-length=N:              Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  96)
--* fmax-stack-var-size:                   Code Gen Options.    (line 170)
--* fmax-subrecord-length=LENGTH:          Runtime Options.     (line  36)
--* fmodule-private:                       Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  71)
--* fno-automatic:                         Code Gen Options.    (line  15)
--* fno-fixed-form:                        Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  12)
--* fno-range-check:                       Runtime Options.     (line  20)
--* fno-underscoring:                      Code Gen Options.    (line  54)
--* fopenmp:                               Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line 109)
--* fpack-derived:                         Code Gen Options.    (line 184)
--* fpp:                                   Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  13)
--* frange-check:                          Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line 117)
--* frecord-marker=LENGTH:                 Runtime Options.     (line  28)
--* frecursive:                            Code Gen Options.    (line 225)
--* frepack-arrays:                        Code Gen Options.    (line 190)
--* fsecond-underscore:                    Code Gen Options.    (line 113)
--* fshort-enums <1>:                      Fortran 2003 status. (line  20)
--* fshort-enums:                          Code Gen Options.    (line 200)
--* fsign-zero:                            Runtime Options.     (line  41)
--* fsyntax-only:                          Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  33)
--* fworking-directory:                    Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  55)
--* H:                                     Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 176)
--* IDIR:                                  Directory Options.   (line  14)
--* idirafter DIR:                         Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  70)
--* imultilib DIR:                         Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  77)
--* iprefix PREFIX:                        Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  81)
--* iquote DIR:                            Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  90)
--* isysroot DIR:                          Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  86)
--* isystem DIR:                           Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  97)
--* JDIR:                                  Directory Options.   (line  31)
--* MDIR:                                  Directory Options.   (line  31)
--* nostdinc:                              Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 105)
--* P:                                     Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 181)
--* pedantic:                              Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  38)
--* pedantic-errors:                       Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  57)
--* static-libgfortran:                    Link Options.        (line  11)
--* std=STD option:                        Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line 129)
--* UNAME:                                 Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 187)
--* undef:                                 Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 110)
--* Waliasing:                             Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  68)
--* Walign-commons:                        Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 165)
--* Wall:                                  Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  61)
--* Wampersand:                            Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  85)
--* Warray-temporaries:                    Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  93)
--* Wcharacter-truncation:                 Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  98)
--* Wconversion:                           Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 104)
--* Werror:                                Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 171)
--* Wimplicit-interface:                   Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 107)
--* Wintrinsic-shadow:                     Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 152)
--* Wintrinsics-std:                       Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 113)
--* Wline-truncation:                      Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 101)
--* Wsurprising:                           Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 120)
--* Wtabs:                                 Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 140)
--* Wunderflow:                            Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 148)
--* Wunused-parameter:                     Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 158)
--
--
--File: gfortran.info,  Node: Keyword Index,  Prev: Option Index,  Up: Top
--
--Keyword Index
--*************
--
--
--* Menu:
--
--* $:                                     Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  56)
--* %LOC:                                  Argument list functions.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* %REF:                                  Argument list functions.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* %VAL:                                  Argument list functions.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* &:                                     Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  85)
--* [...]:                                 Fortran 2003 status. (line  13)
--* ABORT:                                 ABORT.               (line   6)
--* ABS:                                   ABS.                 (line   6)
--* absolute value:                        ABS.                 (line   6)
--* ACCESS:                                ACCESS.              (line   6)
--* ACCESS='STREAM' I/O:                   Fortran 2003 status. (line  32)
--* ACHAR:                                 ACHAR.               (line   6)
--* ACOS:                                  ACOS.                (line   6)
--* ACOSH:                                 ACOSH.               (line   6)
--* adjust string <1>:                     ADJUSTR.             (line   6)
--* adjust string:                         ADJUSTL.             (line   6)
--* ADJUSTL:                               ADJUSTL.             (line   6)
--* ADJUSTR:                               ADJUSTR.             (line   6)
--* AIMAG:                                 AIMAG.               (line   6)
--* AINT:                                  AINT.                (line   6)
--* ALARM:                                 ALARM.               (line   6)
--* ALGAMA:                                LOG_GAMMA.           (line   6)
--* aliasing:                              Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  68)
--* alignment of COMMON blocks <1>:        Code Gen Options.    (line 255)
--* alignment of COMMON blocks:            Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 165)
--* ALL:                                   ALL.                 (line   6)
--* all warnings:                          Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  61)
--* ALLOCATABLE components of derived types: Fortran 2003 status.
--                                                              (line  30)
--* ALLOCATABLE dummy arguments:           Fortran 2003 status. (line  26)
--* ALLOCATABLE function results:          Fortran 2003 status. (line  28)
--* ALLOCATED:                             ALLOCATED.           (line   6)
--* allocation, moving:                    MOVE_ALLOC.          (line   6)
--* allocation, status:                    ALLOCATED.           (line   6)
--* ALOG:                                  LOG.                 (line   6)
--* ALOG10:                                LOG10.               (line   6)
--* AMAX0:                                 MAX.                 (line   6)
--* AMAX1:                                 MAX.                 (line   6)
--* AMIN0:                                 MIN.                 (line   6)
--* AMIN1:                                 MIN.                 (line   6)
--* AMOD:                                  MOD.                 (line   6)
--* AND:                                   AND.                 (line   6)
--* ANINT:                                 ANINT.               (line   6)
--* ANY:                                   ANY.                 (line   6)
--* area hyperbolic cosine:                ACOSH.               (line   6)
--* area hyperbolic sine:                  ASINH.               (line   6)
--* area hyperbolic tangent:               ATANH.               (line   6)
--* argument list functions:               Argument list functions.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* arguments, to program <1>:             IARGC.               (line   6)
--* arguments, to program <2>:             GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* arguments, to program <3>:             GET_COMMAND.         (line   6)
--* arguments, to program <4>:             GETARG.              (line   6)
--* arguments, to program:                 COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* array, add elements:                   SUM.                 (line   6)
--* array, apply condition <1>:            ANY.                 (line   6)
--* array, apply condition:                ALL.                 (line   6)
--* array, bounds checking:                Code Gen Options.    (line 130)
--* array, change dimensions:              RESHAPE.             (line   6)
--* array, combine arrays:                 MERGE.               (line   6)
--* array, condition testing <1>:          ANY.                 (line   6)
--* array, condition testing:              ALL.                 (line   6)
--* array, conditionally add elements:     SUM.                 (line   6)
--* array, conditionally count elements:   COUNT.               (line   6)
--* array, conditionally multiply elements: PRODUCT.            (line   6)
--* array, constructors:                   Fortran 2003 status. (line  13)
--* array, count elements:                 SIZE.                (line   6)
--* array, duplicate dimensions:           SPREAD.              (line   6)
--* array, duplicate elements:             SPREAD.              (line   6)
--* array, element counting:               COUNT.               (line   6)
--* array, gather elements:                PACK.                (line   6)
--* array, increase dimension <1>:         UNPACK.              (line   6)
--* array, increase dimension:             SPREAD.              (line   6)
--* array, indices of type real:           Real array indices.  (line   6)
--* array, location of maximum element:    MAXLOC.              (line   6)
--* array, location of minimum element:    MINLOC.              (line   6)
--* array, lower bound:                    LBOUND.              (line   6)
--* array, maximum value:                  MAXVAL.              (line   6)
--* array, merge arrays:                   MERGE.               (line   6)
--* array, minimum value:                  MINVAL.              (line   6)
--* array, multiply elements:              PRODUCT.             (line   6)
--* array, number of elements <1>:         SIZE.                (line   6)
--* array, number of elements:             COUNT.               (line   6)
--* array, packing:                        PACK.                (line   6)
--* array, permutation:                    CSHIFT.              (line   6)
--* array, product:                        PRODUCT.             (line   6)
--* array, reduce dimension:               PACK.                (line   6)
--* array, rotate:                         CSHIFT.              (line   6)
--* array, scatter elements:               UNPACK.              (line   6)
--* array, shape:                          SHAPE.               (line   6)
--* array, shift:                          EOSHIFT.             (line   6)
--* array, shift circularly:               CSHIFT.              (line   6)
--* array, size:                           SIZE.                (line   6)
--* array, sum:                            SUM.                 (line   6)
--* array, transmogrify:                   RESHAPE.             (line   6)
--* array, transpose:                      TRANSPOSE.           (line   6)
--* array, unpacking:                      UNPACK.              (line   6)
--* array, upper bound:                    UBOUND.              (line   6)
--* ASCII collating sequence <1>:          IACHAR.              (line   6)
--* ASCII collating sequence:              ACHAR.               (line   6)
--* ASIN:                                  ASIN.                (line   6)
--* ASINH <1>:                             ATANH.               (line   6)
--* ASINH:                                 ASINH.               (line   6)
--* ASSOCIATED:                            ASSOCIATED.          (line   6)
--* association status:                    ASSOCIATED.          (line   6)
--* association status, C pointer:         C_ASSOCIATED.        (line   6)
--* ATAN:                                  ATAN.                (line   6)
--* ATAN2:                                 ATAN2.               (line   6)
--* Authors:                               Contributors.        (line   6)
--* backslash:                             Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  59)
--* backtrace:                             Debugging Options.   (line  31)
--* BESJ0:                                 BESSEL_J0.           (line   6)
--* BESJ1:                                 BESSEL_J1.           (line   6)
--* BESJN:                                 BESSEL_JN.           (line   6)
--* Bessel function, first kind <1>:       BESSEL_JN.           (line   6)
--* Bessel function, first kind <2>:       BESSEL_J1.           (line   6)
--* Bessel function, first kind:           BESSEL_J0.           (line   6)
--* Bessel function, second kind <1>:      BESSEL_YN.           (line   6)
--* Bessel function, second kind <2>:      BESSEL_Y1.           (line   6)
--* Bessel function, second kind:          BESSEL_Y0.           (line   6)
--* BESSEL_J0:                             BESSEL_J0.           (line   6)
--* BESSEL_J1:                             BESSEL_J1.           (line   6)
--* BESSEL_JN:                             BESSEL_JN.           (line   6)
--* BESSEL_Y0:                             BESSEL_Y0.           (line   6)
--* BESSEL_Y1:                             BESSEL_Y1.           (line   6)
--* BESSEL_YN:                             BESSEL_YN.           (line   6)
--* BESY0:                                 BESSEL_Y0.           (line   6)
--* BESY1:                                 BESSEL_Y1.           (line   6)
--* BESYN:                                 BESSEL_YN.           (line   6)
--* BIT_SIZE:                              BIT_SIZE.            (line   6)
--* bits, clear:                           IBCLR.               (line   6)
--* bits, extract:                         IBITS.               (line   6)
--* bits, get:                             IBITS.               (line   6)
--* bits, move <1>:                        TRANSFER.            (line   6)
--* bits, move:                            MVBITS.              (line   6)
--* bits, negate:                          NOT.                 (line   6)
--* bits, number of:                       BIT_SIZE.            (line   6)
--* bits, set:                             IBSET.               (line   6)
--* bits, shift:                           ISHFT.               (line   6)
--* bits, shift circular:                  ISHFTC.              (line   6)
--* bits, shift left:                      LSHIFT.              (line   6)
--* bits, shift right:                     RSHIFT.              (line   6)
--* bits, testing:                         BTEST.               (line   6)
--* bits, unset:                           IBCLR.               (line   6)
--* bitwise logical and <1>:               IAND.                (line   6)
--* bitwise logical and:                   AND.                 (line   6)
--* bitwise logical exclusive or <1>:      XOR.                 (line   6)
--* bitwise logical exclusive or:          IEOR.                (line   6)
--* bitwise logical not:                   NOT.                 (line   6)
--* bitwise logical or <1>:                OR.                  (line   6)
--* bitwise logical or:                    IOR.                 (line   6)
--* bounds checking:                       Code Gen Options.    (line 130)
--* BOZ literal constants:                 BOZ literal constants.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* BTEST:                                 BTEST.               (line   6)
--* C_ASSOCIATED:                          C_ASSOCIATED.        (line   6)
--* C_F_POINTER:                           C_F_POINTER.         (line   6)
--* C_F_PROCPOINTER:                       C_F_PROCPOINTER.     (line   6)
--* C_FUNLOC:                              C_FUNLOC.            (line   6)
--* C_LOC:                                 C_LOC.               (line   6)
--* C_SIZEOF:                              C_SIZEOF.            (line   6)
--* CABS:                                  ABS.                 (line   6)
--* calling convention:                    Code Gen Options.    (line  25)
--* CCOS:                                  COS.                 (line   6)
--* CDABS:                                 ABS.                 (line   6)
--* CDCOS:                                 COS.                 (line   6)
--* CDEXP:                                 EXP.                 (line   6)
--* CDLOG:                                 LOG.                 (line   6)
--* CDSIN:                                 SIN.                 (line   6)
--* CDSQRT:                                SQRT.                (line   6)
--* ceiling:                               CEILING.             (line   6)
--* CEILING:                               CEILING.             (line   6)
--* ceiling:                               ANINT.               (line   6)
--* CEXP:                                  EXP.                 (line   6)
--* CHAR:                                  CHAR.                (line   6)
--* character kind:                        SELECTED_CHAR_KIND.  (line   6)
--* character set:                         Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  56)
--* CHDIR:                                 CHDIR.               (line   6)
--* checking array temporaries:            Code Gen Options.    (line 144)
--* checking subscripts:                   Code Gen Options.    (line 130)
--* CHMOD:                                 CHMOD.               (line   6)
--* clock ticks <1>:                       SYSTEM_CLOCK.        (line   6)
--* clock ticks <2>:                       MCLOCK8.             (line   6)
--* clock ticks:                           MCLOCK.              (line   6)
--* CLOG:                                  LOG.                 (line   6)
--* CMPLX:                                 CMPLX.               (line   6)
--* code generation, conventions:          Code Gen Options.    (line   6)
--* collating sequence, ASCII <1>:         IACHAR.              (line   6)
--* collating sequence, ASCII:             ACHAR.               (line   6)
--* command options:                       Invoking GNU Fortran.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* command-line arguments <1>:            IARGC.               (line   6)
--* command-line arguments <2>:            GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* command-line arguments <3>:            GET_COMMAND.         (line   6)
--* command-line arguments <4>:            GETARG.              (line   6)
--* command-line arguments:                COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* command-line arguments, number of <1>: IARGC.               (line   6)
--* command-line arguments, number of:     COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT:                COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* COMPLEX:                               COMPLEX.             (line   6)
--* complex conjugate:                     CONJG.               (line   6)
--* complex numbers, conversion to <1>:    DCMPLX.              (line   6)
--* complex numbers, conversion to <2>:    COMPLEX.             (line   6)
--* complex numbers, conversion to:        CMPLX.               (line   6)
--* complex numbers, imaginary part:       AIMAG.               (line   6)
--* complex numbers, real part <1>:        REAL.                (line   6)
--* complex numbers, real part:            DREAL.               (line   6)
--* Conditional compilation:               Preprocessing and conditional compilation.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* CONJG:                                 CONJG.               (line   6)
--* Contributing:                          Contributing.        (line   6)
--* Contributors:                          Contributors.        (line   6)
--* conversion:                            Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 104)
--* conversion, to character:              CHAR.                (line   6)
--* conversion, to complex <1>:            DCMPLX.              (line   6)
--* conversion, to complex <2>:            COMPLEX.             (line   6)
--* conversion, to complex:                CMPLX.               (line   6)
--* conversion, to integer <1>:            LONG.                (line   6)
--* conversion, to integer <2>:            INT8.                (line   6)
--* conversion, to integer <3>:            INT2.                (line   6)
--* conversion, to integer <4>:            INT.                 (line   6)
--* conversion, to integer <5>:            ICHAR.               (line   6)
--* conversion, to integer <6>:            IACHAR.              (line   6)
--* conversion, to integer:                Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* conversion, to logical <1>:            LOGICAL.             (line   6)
--* conversion, to logical:                Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* conversion, to real <1>:               SNGL.                (line   6)
--* conversion, to real <2>:               REAL.                (line   6)
--* conversion, to real <3>:               FLOAT.               (line   6)
--* conversion, to real <4>:               DFLOAT.              (line   6)
--* conversion, to real:                   DBLE.                (line   6)
--* conversion, to string:                 CTIME.               (line   6)
--* CONVERT specifier:                     CONVERT specifier.   (line   6)
--* core, dump <1>:                        ABORT.               (line   6)
--* core, dump:                            Debugging Options.   (line  38)
--* COS:                                   COS.                 (line   6)
--* COSH:                                  COSH.                (line   6)
--* cosine:                                COS.                 (line   6)
--* cosine, hyperbolic:                    COSH.                (line   6)
--* cosine, hyperbolic, inverse:           ACOSH.               (line   6)
--* cosine, inverse:                       ACOS.                (line   6)
--* COUNT:                                 COUNT.               (line   6)
--* CPP <1>:                               Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* CPP:                                   Preprocessing and conditional compilation.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* CPU_TIME:                              CPU_TIME.            (line   6)
--* Credits:                               Contributors.        (line   6)
--* CSHIFT:                                CSHIFT.              (line   6)
--* CSIN:                                  SIN.                 (line   6)
--* CSQRT:                                 SQRT.                (line   6)
--* CTIME:                                 CTIME.               (line   6)
--* current date <1>:                      IDATE.               (line   6)
--* current date <2>:                      FDATE.               (line   6)
--* current date:                          DATE_AND_TIME.       (line   6)
--* current time <1>:                      TIME8.               (line   6)
--* current time <2>:                      TIME.                (line   6)
--* current time <3>:                      ITIME.               (line   6)
--* current time <4>:                      FDATE.               (line   6)
--* current time:                          DATE_AND_TIME.       (line   6)
--* DABS:                                  ABS.                 (line   6)
--* DACOS:                                 ACOS.                (line   6)
--* DACOSH:                                ACOSH.               (line   6)
--* DASIN:                                 ASIN.                (line   6)
--* DASINH <1>:                            ATANH.               (line   6)
--* DASINH:                                ASINH.               (line   6)
--* DATAN:                                 ATAN.                (line   6)
--* DATAN2:                                ATAN2.               (line   6)
--* date, current <1>:                     IDATE.               (line   6)
--* date, current <2>:                     FDATE.               (line   6)
--* date, current:                         DATE_AND_TIME.       (line   6)
--* DATE_AND_TIME:                         DATE_AND_TIME.       (line   6)
--* DBESJ0:                                BESSEL_J0.           (line   6)
--* DBESJ1:                                BESSEL_J1.           (line   6)
--* DBESJN:                                BESSEL_JN.           (line   6)
--* DBESY0:                                BESSEL_Y0.           (line   6)
--* DBESY1:                                BESSEL_Y1.           (line   6)
--* DBESYN:                                BESSEL_YN.           (line   6)
--* DBLE:                                  DBLE.                (line   6)
--* DCMPLX:                                DCMPLX.              (line   6)
--* DCONJG:                                CONJG.               (line   6)
--* DCOS:                                  COS.                 (line   6)
--* DCOSH:                                 COSH.                (line   6)
--* DDIM:                                  DIM.                 (line   6)
--* debugging information options:         Debugging Options.   (line   6)
--* debugging, preprocessor:               Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  26)
--* DECODE:                                ENCODE and DECODE statements.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* delayed execution <1>:                 SLEEP.               (line   6)
--* delayed execution:                     ALARM.               (line   6)
--* DEXP:                                  EXP.                 (line   6)
--* DFLOAT:                                DFLOAT.              (line   6)
--* DGAMMA:                                GAMMA.               (line   6)
--* dialect options:                       Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* DIGITS:                                DIGITS.              (line   6)
--* DIM:                                   DIM.                 (line   6)
--* DIMAG:                                 AIMAG.               (line   6)
--* DINT:                                  AINT.                (line   6)
--* directive, INCLUDE:                    Directory Options.   (line   6)
--* directory, options:                    Directory Options.   (line   6)
--* directory, search paths for inclusion: Directory Options.   (line  14)
--* division, modulo:                      MODULO.              (line   6)
--* division, remainder:                   MOD.                 (line   6)
--* DLGAMA:                                LOG_GAMMA.           (line   6)
--* DLOG:                                  LOG.                 (line   6)
--* DLOG10:                                LOG10.               (line   6)
--* DMAX1:                                 MAX.                 (line   6)
--* DMIN1:                                 MIN.                 (line   6)
--* DMOD:                                  MOD.                 (line   6)
--* DNINT:                                 ANINT.               (line   6)
--* dot product:                           DOT_PRODUCT.         (line   6)
--* DOT_PRODUCT:                           DOT_PRODUCT.         (line   6)
--* DPROD:                                 DPROD.               (line   6)
--* DREAL:                                 DREAL.               (line   6)
--* DSIGN:                                 SIGN.                (line   6)
--* DSIN:                                  SIN.                 (line   6)
--* DSINH:                                 SINH.                (line   6)
--* DSQRT:                                 SQRT.                (line   6)
--* DTAN:                                  TAN.                 (line   6)
--* DTANH:                                 TANH.                (line   6)
--* DTIME:                                 DTIME.               (line   6)
--* elapsed time <1>:                      SECOND.              (line   6)
--* elapsed time <2>:                      SECNDS.              (line   6)
--* elapsed time:                          DTIME.               (line   6)
--* ENCODE:                                ENCODE and DECODE statements.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* ENUM statement:                        Fortran 2003 status. (line  20)
--* ENUMERATOR statement:                  Fortran 2003 status. (line  20)
--* environment variable <1>:              GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* environment variable <2>:              GETENV.              (line   6)
--* environment variable <3>:              Runtime.             (line   6)
--* environment variable:                  Environment Variables.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* EOSHIFT:                               EOSHIFT.             (line   6)
--* EPSILON:                               EPSILON.             (line   6)
--* ERF:                                   ERF.                 (line   6)
--* ERFC:                                  ERFC.                (line   6)
--* ERFC_SCALED:                           ERFC_SCALED.         (line   6)
--* error function:                        ERF.                 (line   6)
--* error function, complementary:         ERFC.                (line   6)
--* error function, complementary, exponentially-scaled: ERFC_SCALED.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* errors, limiting:                      Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  27)
--* escape characters:                     Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  59)
--* ETIME:                                 ETIME.               (line   6)
--* Euclidean distance:                    HYPOT.               (line   6)
--* EXIT:                                  EXIT.                (line   6)
--* EXP:                                   EXP.                 (line   6)
--* EXPONENT:                              EXPONENT.            (line   6)
--* exponential function:                  EXP.                 (line   6)
--* exponential function, inverse <1>:     LOG10.               (line   6)
--* exponential function, inverse:         LOG.                 (line   6)
--* expression size <1>:                   SIZEOF.              (line   6)
--* expression size:                       C_SIZEOF.            (line   6)
--* extensions:                            Extensions.          (line   6)
--* extensions, implemented:               Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* extensions, not implemented:           Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* f2c calling convention:                Code Gen Options.    (line  25)
--* Factorial function:                    GAMMA.               (line   6)
--* FDATE:                                 FDATE.               (line   6)
--* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License:   GNU Free Documentation License.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* FGET:                                  FGET.                (line   6)
--* FGETC:                                 FGETC.               (line   6)
--* file format, fixed:                    Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  12)
--* file format, free:                     Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  12)
--* file operation, file number:           FNUM.                (line   6)
--* file operation, flush:                 FLUSH.               (line   6)
--* file operation, position <1>:          FTELL.               (line   6)
--* file operation, position:              FSEEK.               (line   6)
--* file operation, read character <1>:    FGETC.               (line   6)
--* file operation, read character:        FGET.                (line   6)
--* file operation, seek:                  FSEEK.               (line   6)
--* file operation, write character <1>:   FPUTC.               (line   6)
--* file operation, write character:       FPUT.                (line   6)
--* file system, access mode:              ACCESS.              (line   6)
--* file system, change access mode:       CHMOD.               (line   6)
--* file system, create link <1>:          SYMLNK.              (line   6)
--* file system, create link:              LINK.                (line   6)
--* file system, file creation mask:       UMASK.               (line   6)
--* file system, file status <1>:          STAT.                (line   6)
--* file system, file status <2>:          LSTAT.               (line   6)
--* file system, file status:              FSTAT.               (line   6)
--* file system, hard link:                LINK.                (line   6)
--* file system, remove file:              UNLINK.              (line   6)
--* file system, rename file:              RENAME.              (line   6)
--* file system, soft link:                SYMLNK.              (line   6)
--* FLOAT:                                 FLOAT.               (line   6)
--* floating point, exponent:              EXPONENT.            (line   6)
--* floating point, fraction:              FRACTION.            (line   6)
--* floating point, nearest different:     NEAREST.             (line   6)
--* floating point, relative spacing <1>:  SPACING.             (line   6)
--* floating point, relative spacing:      RRSPACING.           (line   6)
--* floating point, scale:                 SCALE.               (line   6)
--* floating point, set exponent:          SET_EXPONENT.        (line   6)
--* floor:                                 FLOOR.               (line   6)
--* FLOOR:                                 FLOOR.               (line   6)
--* floor:                                 AINT.                (line   6)
--* FLUSH:                                 FLUSH.               (line   6)
--* FLUSH statement:                       Fortran 2003 status. (line  16)
--* FNUM:                                  FNUM.                (line   6)
--* Fortran 77:                            GNU Fortran and G77. (line   6)
--* FPP:                                   Preprocessing and conditional compilation.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* FPUT:                                  FPUT.                (line   6)
--* FPUTC:                                 FPUTC.               (line   6)
--* FRACTION:                              FRACTION.            (line   6)
--* FREE:                                  FREE.                (line   6)
--* FSEEK:                                 FSEEK.               (line   6)
--* FSTAT:                                 FSTAT.               (line   6)
--* FTELL:                                 FTELL.               (line   6)
--* g77:                                   GNU Fortran and G77. (line   6)
--* g77 calling convention:                Code Gen Options.    (line  25)
--* GAMMA:                                 GAMMA.               (line   6)
--* Gamma function:                        GAMMA.               (line   6)
--* Gamma function, logarithm of:          LOG_GAMMA.           (line   6)
--* GCC:                                   GNU Fortran and GCC. (line   6)
--* GERROR:                                GERROR.              (line   6)
--* GET_COMMAND:                           GET_COMMAND.         (line   6)
--* GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT:                  GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE:              GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* GETARG:                                GETARG.              (line   6)
--* GETCWD:                                GETCWD.              (line   6)
--* GETENV:                                GETENV.              (line   6)
--* GETGID:                                GETGID.              (line   6)
--* GETLOG:                                GETLOG.              (line   6)
--* GETPID:                                GETPID.              (line   6)
--* GETUID:                                GETUID.              (line   6)
--* GMTIME:                                GMTIME.              (line   6)
--* GNU Compiler Collection:               GNU Fortran and GCC. (line   6)
--* GNU Fortran command options:           Invoking GNU Fortran.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* Hollerith constants:                   Hollerith constants support.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* HOSTNM:                                HOSTNM.              (line   6)
--* HUGE:                                  HUGE.                (line   6)
--* hyperbolic arccosine:                  ACOSH.               (line   6)
--* hyperbolic arcsine:                    ASINH.               (line   6)
--* hyperbolic arctangent:                 ATANH.               (line   6)
--* hyperbolic cosine:                     COSH.                (line   6)
--* hyperbolic function, cosine:           COSH.                (line   6)
--* hyperbolic function, cosine, inverse:  ACOSH.               (line   6)
--* hyperbolic function, sine:             SINH.                (line   6)
--* hyperbolic function, sine, inverse:    ASINH.               (line   6)
--* hyperbolic function, tangent:          TANH.                (line   6)
--* hyperbolic function, tangent, inverse: ATANH.               (line   6)
--* hyperbolic sine:                       SINH.                (line   6)
--* hyperbolic tangent:                    TANH.                (line   6)
--* HYPOT:                                 HYPOT.               (line   6)
--* I/O item lists:                        I/O item lists.      (line   6)
--* IABS:                                  ABS.                 (line   6)
--* IACHAR:                                IACHAR.              (line   6)
--* IAND:                                  IAND.                (line   6)
--* IARGC:                                 IARGC.               (line   6)
--* IBCLR:                                 IBCLR.               (line   6)
--* IBITS:                                 IBITS.               (line   6)
--* IBSET:                                 IBSET.               (line   6)
--* ICHAR:                                 ICHAR.               (line   6)
--* IDATE:                                 IDATE.               (line   6)
--* IDIM:                                  DIM.                 (line   6)
--* IDINT:                                 INT.                 (line   6)
--* IDNINT:                                NINT.                (line   6)
--* IEEE, ISNAN:                           ISNAN.               (line   6)
--* IEOR:                                  IEOR.                (line   6)
--* IERRNO:                                IERRNO.              (line   6)
--* IFIX:                                  INT.                 (line   6)
--* IMAG:                                  AIMAG.               (line   6)
--* IMAGPART:                              AIMAG.               (line   6)
--* IMPORT statement:                      Fortran 2003 status. (line  43)
--* INCLUDE directive:                     Directory Options.   (line   6)
--* inclusion, directory search paths for: Directory Options.   (line  14)
--* INDEX:                                 INDEX intrinsic.     (line   6)
--* INT:                                   INT.                 (line   6)
--* INT2:                                  INT2.                (line   6)
--* INT8:                                  INT8.                (line   6)
--* integer kind:                          SELECTED_INT_KIND.   (line   6)
--* intrinsic:                             Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 152)
--* intrinsic Modules:                     Intrinsic Modules.   (line   6)
--* intrinsic procedures:                  Intrinsic Procedures.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* Introduction:                          Top.                 (line   6)
--* IOMSG= specifier:                      Fortran 2003 status. (line  18)
--* IOR:                                   IOR.                 (line   6)
--* IOSTAT, end of file:                   IS_IOSTAT_END.       (line   6)
--* IOSTAT, end of record:                 IS_IOSTAT_EOR.       (line   6)
--* IRAND:                                 IRAND.               (line   6)
--* IS_IOSTAT_END:                         IS_IOSTAT_END.       (line   6)
--* IS_IOSTAT_EOR:                         IS_IOSTAT_EOR.       (line   6)
--* ISATTY:                                ISATTY.              (line   6)
--* ISHFT:                                 ISHFT.               (line   6)
--* ISHFTC:                                ISHFTC.              (line   6)
--* ISIGN:                                 SIGN.                (line   6)
--* ISNAN:                                 ISNAN.               (line   6)
--* ISO C Bindings:                        Fortran 2003 status. (line  52)
--* ISO_FORTRAN_ENV statement:             Fortran 2003 status. (line  46)
--* ITIME:                                 ITIME.               (line   6)
--* KILL:                                  KILL.                (line   6)
--* kind:                                  KIND.                (line   6)
--* KIND:                                  KIND.                (line   6)
--* kind:                                  KIND Type Parameters.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* kind, character:                       SELECTED_CHAR_KIND.  (line   6)
--* kind, integer:                         SELECTED_INT_KIND.   (line   6)
--* kind, old-style:                       Old-style kind specifications.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* kind, real:                            SELECTED_REAL_KIND.  (line   6)
--* language, dialect options:             Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* LBOUND:                                LBOUND.              (line   6)
--* LEADZ:                                 LEADZ.               (line   6)
--* LEN:                                   LEN.                 (line   6)
--* LEN_TRIM:                              LEN_TRIM.            (line   6)
--* lexical comparison of strings <1>:     LLT.                 (line   6)
--* lexical comparison of strings <2>:     LLE.                 (line   6)
--* lexical comparison of strings <3>:     LGT.                 (line   6)
--* lexical comparison of strings:         LGE.                 (line   6)
--* LGAMMA:                                LOG_GAMMA.           (line   6)
--* LGE:                                   LGE.                 (line   6)
--* LGT:                                   LGT.                 (line   6)
--* libf2c calling convention:             Code Gen Options.    (line  25)
--* limits, largest number:                HUGE.                (line   6)
--* limits, smallest number:               TINY.                (line   6)
--* LINK:                                  LINK.                (line   6)
--* linking, static:                       Link Options.        (line   6)
--* LLE:                                   LLE.                 (line   6)
--* LLT:                                   LLT.                 (line   6)
--* LNBLNK:                                LNBLNK.              (line   6)
--* LOC:                                   LOC.                 (line   6)
--* location of a variable in memory:      LOC.                 (line   6)
--* LOG:                                   LOG.                 (line   6)
--* LOG10:                                 LOG10.               (line   6)
--* LOG_GAMMA:                             LOG_GAMMA.           (line   6)
--* logarithmic function <1>:              LOG10.               (line   6)
--* logarithmic function:                  LOG.                 (line   6)
--* logarithmic function, inverse:         EXP.                 (line   6)
--* LOGICAL:                               LOGICAL.             (line   6)
--* logical and, bitwise <1>:              IAND.                (line   6)
--* logical and, bitwise:                  AND.                 (line   6)
--* logical exclusive or, bitwise <1>:     XOR.                 (line   6)
--* logical exclusive or, bitwise:         IEOR.                (line   6)
--* logical not, bitwise:                  NOT.                 (line   6)
--* logical or, bitwise <1>:               OR.                  (line   6)
--* logical or, bitwise:                   IOR.                 (line   6)
--* login name:                            GETLOG.              (line   6)
--* LONG:                                  LONG.                (line   6)
--* LSHIFT:                                LSHIFT.              (line   6)
--* LSTAT:                                 LSTAT.               (line   6)
--* LTIME:                                 LTIME.               (line   6)
--* MALLOC:                                MALLOC.              (line   6)
--* MATMUL:                                MATMUL.              (line   6)
--* matrix multiplication:                 MATMUL.              (line   6)
--* matrix, transpose:                     TRANSPOSE.           (line   6)
--* MAX:                                   MAX.                 (line   6)
--* MAX0:                                  MAX.                 (line   6)
--* MAX1:                                  MAX.                 (line   6)
--* MAXEXPONENT:                           MAXEXPONENT.         (line   6)
--* maximum value <1>:                     MAXVAL.              (line   6)
--* maximum value:                         MAX.                 (line   6)
--* MAXLOC:                                MAXLOC.              (line   6)
--* MAXVAL:                                MAXVAL.              (line   6)
--* MCLOCK:                                MCLOCK.              (line   6)
--* MCLOCK8:                               MCLOCK8.             (line   6)
--* MERGE:                                 MERGE.               (line   6)
--* messages, error:                       Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* messages, warning:                     Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* MIN:                                   MIN.                 (line   6)
--* MIN0:                                  MIN.                 (line   6)
--* MIN1:                                  MIN.                 (line   6)
--* MINEXPONENT:                           MINEXPONENT.         (line   6)
--* minimum value <1>:                     MINVAL.              (line   6)
--* minimum value:                         MIN.                 (line   6)
--* MINLOC:                                MINLOC.              (line   6)
--* MINVAL:                                MINVAL.              (line   6)
--* MOD:                                   MOD.                 (line   6)
--* model representation, base:            RADIX.               (line   6)
--* model representation, epsilon:         EPSILON.             (line   6)
--* model representation, largest number:  HUGE.                (line   6)
--* model representation, maximum exponent: MAXEXPONENT.        (line   6)
--* model representation, minimum exponent: MINEXPONENT.        (line   6)
--* model representation, precision:       PRECISION.           (line   6)
--* model representation, radix:           RADIX.               (line   6)
--* model representation, range:           RANGE.               (line   6)
--* model representation, significant digits: DIGITS.           (line   6)
--* model representation, smallest number: TINY.                (line   6)
--* module entities:                       Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  71)
--* module search path:                    Directory Options.   (line  14)
--* modulo:                                MODULO.              (line   6)
--* MODULO:                                MODULO.              (line   6)
--* MOVE_ALLOC:                            MOVE_ALLOC.          (line   6)
--* moving allocation:                     MOVE_ALLOC.          (line   6)
--* multiply array elements:               PRODUCT.             (line   6)
--* MVBITS:                                MVBITS.              (line   6)
--* Namelist:                              Extensions to namelist.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* NEAREST:                               NEAREST.             (line   6)
--* NEW_LINE:                              NEW_LINE.            (line   6)
--* newline:                               NEW_LINE.            (line   6)
--* NINT:                                  NINT.                (line   6)
--* NOT:                                   NOT.                 (line   6)
--* NULL:                                  NULL.                (line   6)
--* OpenMP <1>:                            OpenMP.              (line   6)
--* OpenMP:                                Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line 109)
--* operators, unary:                      Unary operators.     (line   6)
--* options, code generation:              Code Gen Options.    (line   6)
--* options, debugging:                    Debugging Options.   (line   6)
--* options, dialect:                      Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* options, directory search:             Directory Options.   (line   6)
--* options, errors:                       Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* options, fortran dialect:              Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  12)
--* options, gfortran command:             Invoking GNU Fortran.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* options, linking:                      Link Options.        (line   6)
--* options, negative forms:               Invoking GNU Fortran.
--                                                              (line  13)
--* options, preprocessor:                 Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* options, run-time:                     Code Gen Options.    (line   6)
--* options, runtime:                      Runtime Options.     (line   6)
--* options, warnings:                     Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* OR:                                    OR.                  (line   6)
--* output, newline:                       NEW_LINE.            (line   6)
--* PACK:                                  PACK.                (line   6)
--* paths, search:                         Directory Options.   (line  14)
--* PERROR:                                PERROR.              (line   6)
--* pointer, C address of pointers:        C_F_PROCPOINTER.     (line   6)
--* pointer, C address of procedures:      C_FUNLOC.            (line   6)
--* pointer, C association status:         C_ASSOCIATED.        (line   6)
--* pointer, convert C to Fortran:         C_F_POINTER.         (line   6)
--* pointer, cray <1>:                     MALLOC.              (line   6)
--* pointer, cray:                         FREE.                (line   6)
--* pointer, Cray:                         Cray pointers.       (line   6)
--* pointer, disassociated:                NULL.                (line   6)
--* pointer, status <1>:                   NULL.                (line   6)
--* pointer, status:                       ASSOCIATED.          (line   6)
--* positive difference:                   DIM.                 (line   6)
--* PRECISION:                             PRECISION.           (line   6)
--* Preprocessing:                         Preprocessing and conditional compilation.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* preprocessing, assertation:            Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 114)
--* preprocessing, define macros:          Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 153)
--* preprocessing, include path:           Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  70)
--* preprocessing, keep comments:          Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 123)
--* preprocessing, no linemarkers:         Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 181)
--* preprocessing, undefine macros:        Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line 187)
--* preprocessor:                          Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* preprocessor, debugging:               Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  26)
--* preprocessor, disable:                 Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  13)
--* preprocessor, enable:                  Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  13)
--* preprocessor, include file handling:   Preprocessing and conditional compilation.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* preprocessor, working directory:       Preprocessing Options.
--                                                              (line  55)
--* PRESENT:                               PRESENT.             (line   6)
--* private:                               Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  71)
--* procedure pointer, convert C to Fortran: C_LOC.             (line   6)
--* process id:                            GETPID.              (line   6)
--* PRODUCT:                               PRODUCT.             (line   6)
--* product, double-precision:             DPROD.               (line   6)
--* product, matrix:                       MATMUL.              (line   6)
--* product, vector:                       DOT_PRODUCT.         (line   6)
--* program termination:                   EXIT.                (line   6)
--* program termination, with core dump:   ABORT.               (line   6)
--* PROTECTED statement:                   Fortran 2003 status. (line  37)
--* RADIX:                                 RADIX.               (line   6)
--* RAN:                                   RAN.                 (line   6)
--* RAND:                                  RAND.                (line   6)
--* random number generation <1>:          RANDOM_NUMBER.       (line   6)
--* random number generation <2>:          RAND.                (line   6)
--* random number generation <3>:          RAN.                 (line   6)
--* random number generation:              IRAND.               (line   6)
--* random number generation, seeding <1>: SRAND.               (line   6)
--* random number generation, seeding:     RANDOM_SEED.         (line   6)
--* RANDOM_NUMBER:                         RANDOM_NUMBER.       (line   6)
--* RANDOM_SEED:                           RANDOM_SEED.         (line   6)
--* RANGE:                                 RANGE.               (line   6)
--* range checking:                        Code Gen Options.    (line 130)
--* read character, stream mode <1>:       FGETC.               (line   6)
--* read character, stream mode:           FGET.                (line   6)
--* REAL:                                  REAL.                (line   6)
--* real kind:                             SELECTED_REAL_KIND.  (line   6)
--* real number, exponent:                 EXPONENT.            (line   6)
--* real number, fraction:                 FRACTION.            (line   6)
--* real number, nearest different:        NEAREST.             (line   6)
--* real number, relative spacing <1>:     SPACING.             (line   6)
--* real number, relative spacing:         RRSPACING.           (line   6)
--* real number, scale:                    SCALE.               (line   6)
--* real number, set exponent:             SET_EXPONENT.        (line   6)
--* REALPART:                              REAL.                (line   6)
--* RECORD:                                STRUCTURE and RECORD.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* remainder:                             MOD.                 (line   6)
--* RENAME:                                RENAME.              (line   6)
--* repacking arrays:                      Code Gen Options.    (line 190)
--* REPEAT:                                REPEAT.              (line   6)
--* RESHAPE:                               RESHAPE.             (line   6)
--* root:                                  SQRT.                (line   6)
--* rounding, ceiling <1>:                 CEILING.             (line   6)
--* rounding, ceiling:                     ANINT.               (line   6)
--* rounding, floor <1>:                   FLOOR.               (line   6)
--* rounding, floor:                       AINT.                (line   6)
--* rounding, nearest whole number:        NINT.                (line   6)
--* RRSPACING:                             RRSPACING.           (line   6)
--* RSHIFT:                                RSHIFT.              (line   6)
--* SAVE statement:                        Code Gen Options.    (line  15)
--* SCALE:                                 SCALE.               (line   6)
--* SCAN:                                  SCAN.                (line   6)
--* search path:                           Directory Options.   (line   6)
--* search paths, for included files:      Directory Options.   (line  14)
--* SECNDS:                                SECNDS.              (line   6)
--* SECOND:                                SECOND.              (line   6)
--* seeding a random number generator <1>: SRAND.               (line   6)
--* seeding a random number generator:     RANDOM_SEED.         (line   6)
--* SELECTED_CHAR_KIND:                    SELECTED_CHAR_KIND.  (line   6)
--* SELECTED_INT_KIND:                     SELECTED_INT_KIND.   (line   6)
--* SELECTED_REAL_KIND:                    SELECTED_REAL_KIND.  (line   6)
--* SET_EXPONENT:                          SET_EXPONENT.        (line   6)
--* SHAPE:                                 SHAPE.               (line   6)
--* SHORT:                                 INT2.                (line   6)
--* SIGN:                                  SIGN.                (line   6)
--* sign copying:                          SIGN.                (line   6)
--* SIGNAL:                                SIGNAL.              (line   6)
--* SIN:                                   SIN.                 (line   6)
--* sine:                                  SIN.                 (line   6)
--* sine, hyperbolic:                      SINH.                (line   6)
--* sine, hyperbolic, inverse:             ASINH.               (line   6)
--* sine, inverse:                         ASIN.                (line   6)
--* SINH:                                  SINH.                (line   6)
--* SIZE:                                  SIZE.                (line   6)
--* size of a variable, in bits:           BIT_SIZE.            (line   6)
--* size of an expression <1>:             SIZEOF.              (line   6)
--* size of an expression:                 C_SIZEOF.            (line   6)
--* SIZEOF:                                SIZEOF.              (line   6)
--* SLEEP:                                 SLEEP.               (line   6)
--* SNGL:                                  SNGL.                (line   6)
--* SPACING:                               SPACING.             (line   6)
--* SPREAD:                                SPREAD.              (line   6)
--* SQRT:                                  SQRT.                (line   6)
--* square-root:                           SQRT.                (line   6)
--* SRAND:                                 SRAND.               (line   6)
--* Standards:                             Standards.           (line   6)
--* STAT:                                  STAT.                (line   6)
--* statement, ENUM:                       Fortran 2003 status. (line  20)
--* statement, ENUMERATOR:                 Fortran 2003 status. (line  20)
--* statement, FLUSH:                      Fortran 2003 status. (line  16)
--* statement, IMPORT:                     Fortran 2003 status. (line  43)
--* statement, ISO_FORTRAN_ENV:            Fortran 2003 status. (line  46)
--* statement, PROTECTED:                  Fortran 2003 status. (line  37)
--* statement, SAVE:                       Code Gen Options.    (line  15)
--* statement, USE, INTRINSIC:             Fortran 2003 status. (line  46)
--* statement, VALUE:                      Fortran 2003 status. (line  39)
--* statement, VOLATILE:                   Fortran 2003 status. (line  41)
--* STREAM I/O:                            Fortran 2003 status. (line  32)
--* stream mode, read character <1>:       FGETC.               (line   6)
--* stream mode, read character:           FGET.                (line   6)
--* stream mode, write character <1>:      FPUTC.               (line   6)
--* stream mode, write character:          FPUT.                (line   6)
--* string, adjust left:                   ADJUSTL.             (line   6)
--* string, adjust right:                  ADJUSTR.             (line   6)
--* string, comparison <1>:                LLT.                 (line   6)
--* string, comparison <2>:                LLE.                 (line   6)
--* string, comparison <3>:                LGT.                 (line   6)
--* string, comparison:                    LGE.                 (line   6)
--* string, concatenate:                   REPEAT.              (line   6)
--* string, find missing set:              VERIFY.              (line   6)
--* string, find non-blank character:      LNBLNK.              (line   6)
--* string, find subset:                   SCAN.                (line   6)
--* string, find substring:                INDEX intrinsic.     (line   6)
--* string, length:                        LEN.                 (line   6)
--* string, length, without trailing whitespace: LEN_TRIM.      (line   6)
--* string, remove trailing whitespace:    TRIM.                (line   6)
--* string, repeat:                        REPEAT.              (line   6)
--* STRUCTURE:                             STRUCTURE and RECORD.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* structure packing:                     Code Gen Options.    (line 184)
--* subscript checking:                    Code Gen Options.    (line 130)
--* substring position:                    INDEX intrinsic.     (line   6)
--* SUM:                                   SUM.                 (line   6)
--* sum array elements:                    SUM.                 (line   6)
--* suppressing warnings:                  Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* symbol names:                          Fortran Dialect Options.
--                                                              (line  56)
--* symbol names, transforming:            Code Gen Options.    (line  54)
--* symbol names, underscores:             Code Gen Options.    (line  54)
--* SYMLNK:                                SYMLNK.              (line   6)
--* syntax checking:                       Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  33)
--* SYSTEM:                                SYSTEM.              (line   6)
--* system, error handling <1>:            PERROR.              (line   6)
--* system, error handling <2>:            IERRNO.              (line   6)
--* system, error handling:                GERROR.              (line   6)
--* system, group id:                      GETGID.              (line   6)
--* system, host name:                     HOSTNM.              (line   6)
--* system, login name:                    GETLOG.              (line   6)
--* system, process id:                    GETPID.              (line   6)
--* system, signal handling:               SIGNAL.              (line   6)
--* system, system call:                   SYSTEM.              (line   6)
--* system, terminal <1>:                  TTYNAM.              (line   6)
--* system, terminal:                      ISATTY.              (line   6)
--* system, user id:                       GETUID.              (line   6)
--* system, working directory <1>:         GETCWD.              (line   6)
--* system, working directory:             CHDIR.               (line   6)
--* SYSTEM_CLOCK:                          SYSTEM_CLOCK.        (line   6)
--* tabulators:                            Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 140)
--* TAN:                                   TAN.                 (line   6)
--* tangent:                               TAN.                 (line   6)
--* tangent, hyperbolic:                   TANH.                (line   6)
--* tangent, hyperbolic, inverse:          ATANH.               (line   6)
--* tangent, inverse <1>:                  ATAN2.               (line   6)
--* tangent, inverse:                      ATAN.                (line   6)
--* TANH:                                  TANH.                (line   6)
--* terminate program:                     EXIT.                (line   6)
--* terminate program, with core dump:     ABORT.               (line   6)
--* TIME:                                  TIME.                (line   6)
--* time, clock ticks <1>:                 SYSTEM_CLOCK.        (line   6)
--* time, clock ticks <2>:                 MCLOCK8.             (line   6)
--* time, clock ticks:                     MCLOCK.              (line   6)
--* time, conversion to GMT info:          GMTIME.              (line   6)
--* time, conversion to local time info:   LTIME.               (line   6)
--* time, conversion to string:            CTIME.               (line   6)
--* time, current <1>:                     TIME8.               (line   6)
--* time, current <2>:                     TIME.                (line   6)
--* time, current <3>:                     ITIME.               (line   6)
--* time, current <4>:                     FDATE.               (line   6)
--* time, current:                         DATE_AND_TIME.       (line   6)
--* time, elapsed <1>:                     SECOND.              (line   6)
--* time, elapsed <2>:                     SECNDS.              (line   6)
--* time, elapsed <3>:                     ETIME.               (line   6)
--* time, elapsed <4>:                     DTIME.               (line   6)
--* time, elapsed:                         CPU_TIME.            (line   6)
--* TIME8:                                 TIME8.               (line   6)
--* TINY:                                  TINY.                (line   6)
--* TR 15581:                              Fortran 2003 status. (line  25)
--* trace:                                 Debugging Options.   (line  31)
--* TRAILZ:                                TRAILZ.              (line   6)
--* TRANSFER:                              TRANSFER.            (line   6)
--* transforming symbol names:             Code Gen Options.    (line  54)
--* transpose:                             TRANSPOSE.           (line   6)
--* TRANSPOSE:                             TRANSPOSE.           (line   6)
--* trigonometric function, cosine:        COS.                 (line   6)
--* trigonometric function, cosine, inverse: ACOS.              (line   6)
--* trigonometric function, sine:          SIN.                 (line   6)
--* trigonometric function, sine, inverse: ASIN.                (line   6)
--* trigonometric function, tangent:       TAN.                 (line   6)
--* trigonometric function, tangent, inverse <1>: ATAN2.        (line   6)
--* trigonometric function, tangent, inverse: ATAN.             (line   6)
--* TRIM:                                  TRIM.                (line   6)
--* TTYNAM:                                TTYNAM.              (line   6)
--* type cast:                             TRANSFER.            (line   6)
--* UBOUND:                                UBOUND.              (line   6)
--* UMASK:                                 UMASK.               (line   6)
--* underflow:                             Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 148)
--* underscore:                            Code Gen Options.    (line  54)
--* UNLINK:                                UNLINK.              (line   6)
--* UNPACK:                                UNPACK.              (line   6)
--* unused parameter:                      Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 158)
--* USE, INTRINSIC statement:              Fortran 2003 status. (line  46)
--* user id:                               GETUID.              (line   6)
--* VALUE statement:                       Fortran 2003 status. (line  39)
--* vector product:                        DOT_PRODUCT.         (line   6)
--* VERIFY:                                VERIFY.              (line   6)
--* VOLATILE statement:                    Fortran 2003 status. (line  41)
--* warnings, aliasing:                    Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  68)
--* warnings, alignment of COMMON blocks:  Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 165)
--* warnings, all:                         Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  61)
--* warnings, ampersand:                   Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  85)
--* warnings, array temporaries:           Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  93)
--* warnings, character truncation:        Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line  98)
--* warnings, conversion:                  Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 104)
--* warnings, implicit interface:          Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 107)
--* warnings, intrinsic:                   Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 152)
--* warnings, intrinsics of other standards: Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 113)
--* warnings, line truncation:             Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 101)
--* warnings, non-standard intrinsics:     Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 113)
--* warnings, suppressing:                 Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line   6)
--* warnings, suspicious code:             Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 120)
--* warnings, tabs:                        Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 140)
--* warnings, to errors:                   Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 171)
--* warnings, underflow:                   Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 148)
--* warnings, unused parameter:            Error and Warning Options.
--                                                              (line 158)
--* write character, stream mode <1>:      FPUTC.               (line   6)
--* write character, stream mode:          FPUT.                (line   6)
--* XOR:                                   XOR.                 (line   6)
--* ZABS:                                  ABS.                 (line   6)
--* ZCOS:                                  COS.                 (line   6)
--* zero bits <1>:                         TRAILZ.              (line   6)
--* zero bits:                             LEADZ.               (line   6)
--* ZEXP:                                  EXP.                 (line   6)
--* ZLOG:                                  LOG.                 (line   6)
--* ZSIN:                                  SIN.                 (line   6)
--* ZSQRT:                                 SQRT.                (line   6)
--
--
--
--Tag Table:
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--Node: Introduction3305
--Node: About GNU Fortran4052
--Node: GNU Fortran and GCC8080
--Node: Preprocessing and conditional compilation10192
--Node: GNU Fortran and G7711833
--Node: Project Status12406
--Node: Standards14921
--Node: Invoking GNU Fortran16132
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--Node: Error and Warning Options36279
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--Node: Directory Options45869
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--Node: OpenMP99319
--Node: Argument list functions101574
--Node: Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran103168
--Node: STRUCTURE and RECORD104020
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--Node: Introduction to Intrinsics121084
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--Node: Contributing390935
--Node: Contributors391787
--Node: Projects393410
--Node: Proposed Extensions394213
--Node: Copying396264
--Node: GNU Free Documentation License433828
--Node: Funding456240
--Node: Option Index458765
--Node: Keyword Index470647
--
--End Tag Table
 diff -Nur a/gcc/function.c b/gcc/function.c
 --- a/gcc/function.c	2009-07-11 21:06:26.000000000 +0200
 +++ b/gcc/function.c	2010-01-25 09:50:29.135686643 +0100