Update comment about N_DEVELOPMENT
[elmcan.git] / module / elmcan.c
index ac7036e778c41b1740847e7f43436e0bb808d59c..76e138905fec0677374dfd7e373c0ab39abed290 100644 (file)
@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@
  * This driver started as a derivative of linux/drivers/net/can/slcan.c
  * and my thanks go to the original authors for their inspiration, even
  * after almost none of their code is left.
+ *
+ * elmcan.c Author : Max Staudt <max-linux@enpas.org>
+ * slcan.c Author  : Oliver Hartkopp <socketcan@hartkopp.net>
+ * slip.c Authors  : Laurence Culhane <loz@holmes.demon.co.uk>
+ *                   Fred N. van Kempen <waltje@uwalt.nl.mugnet.org>
  */
 
-#define pr_fmt(fmt) "[elmcan] " fmt
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) "elmcan: " fmt
 
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
@@ -20,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <linux/if_ether.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/lockdep.h>
 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
 #include <linux/skbuff.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/can/led.h>
 #include <linux/can/rx-offload.h>
 
-MODULE_ALIAS_LDISC(N_ELMCAN);
-MODULE_DESCRIPTION("ELM327 based CAN interface");
-MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
-MODULE_AUTHOR("Max Staudt <max-linux@enpas.org>");
-
-/* If this is enabled, we'll try to make the best of the situation
- * even if we receive unexpected characters on the line.
- * No guarantees.
- * Handle with care, it's likely your hardware is unreliable!
+/* Line discipline ID number.
+ * Starting with Linux v5.18-rc1, N_DEVELOPMENT is defined as 29:
+ * https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/c2faf737abfb10f88f2d2612d573e9edc3c42c37
  */
-static bool accept_flaky_uart;
-module_param_named(accept_flaky_uart, accept_flaky_uart, bool, 0444);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(accept_flaky_uart, "Don't bail at the first invalid character. Behavior undefined.");
+#ifndef N_DEVELOPMENT
+#define N_DEVELOPMENT 29
+#endif
 
-/* Line discipline ID number */
-#ifndef N_ELMCAN
-#define N_ELMCAN 29
+/* Compatibility for Linux < 5.11 */
+#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(5,11,0)
+#define len can_dlc
 #endif
 
 #define ELM327_NAPI_WEIGHT 4
 
-#define ELM327_SIZE_RXBUF 256
+#define ELM327_SIZE_RXBUF 224
 #define ELM327_SIZE_TXBUF 32
 
 #define ELM327_CAN_CONFIG_SEND_SFF           0x8000
@@ -66,21 +66,21 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(accept_flaky_uart, "Don't bail at the first invalid character.
 #define ELM327_CAN_CONFIG_RECV_BOTH_SFF_EFF  0x2000
 #define ELM327_CAN_CONFIG_BAUDRATE_MULT_8_7  0x1000
 
-#define ELM327_MAGIC_CHAR 'y'
-#define ELM327_MAGIC_STRING "y"
+#define ELM327_DUMMY_CHAR 'y'
+#define ELM327_DUMMY_STRING "y"
 #define ELM327_READY_CHAR '>'
 
 /* Bits in elm->cmds_todo */
-enum ELM_TODO {
-       TODO_CAN_DATA = 0,
-       TODO_CANID_11BIT,
-       TODO_CANID_29BIT_LOW,
-       TODO_CANID_29BIT_HIGH,
-       TODO_CAN_CONFIG_PART2,
-       TODO_CAN_CONFIG,
-       TODO_RESPONSES,
-       TODO_SILENT_MONITOR,
-       TODO_INIT
+enum elm327_to_to_do_bits {
+       ELM327_TX_DO_CAN_DATA = 0,
+       ELM327_TX_DO_CANID_11BIT,
+       ELM327_TX_DO_CANID_29BIT_LOW,
+       ELM327_TX_DO_CANID_29BIT_HIGH,
+       ELM327_TX_DO_CAN_CONFIG_PART2,
+       ELM327_TX_DO_CAN_CONFIG,
+       ELM327_TX_DO_RESPONSES,
+       ELM327_TX_DO_SILENT_MONITOR,
+       ELM327_TX_DO_INIT
 };
 
 struct elmcan {
@@ -89,129 +89,109 @@ struct elmcan {
 
        struct can_rx_offload offload;
 
-       /* TTY and netdev devices that we're bridging */
-       struct tty_struct       *tty;
-       struct net_device       *dev;
+       /* TTY buffers */
+       u8 rxbuf[ELM327_SIZE_RXBUF];
+       u8 txbuf[ELM327_SIZE_TXBUF] ____cacheline_aligned;
 
-       /* Per-channel lock */
-       spinlock_t              lock;
-
-       /* Keep track of how many things are using this struct.
-        * Once it reaches 0, we are in the process of cleaning up,
-        * and new operations will be cancelled immediately.
-        * Use atomic_t rather than refcount_t because we deliberately
-        * decrement to 0, and refcount_dec() spills a WARN_ONCE in
-        * that case.
-        */
-       atomic_t                refcount;
-
-       /* Stop the channel on hardware failure.
-        * Once this is true, nothing will be sent to the TTY.
-        */
-       bool                    hw_failure;
+       /* TTY buffer accounting */
+       struct work_struct tx_work;     /* Flushes TTY TX buffer */
+       u8 *txhead;                     /* Next TX byte */
+       unsigned txleft;                /* Bytes left to TX */
+       int rxfill;                     /* Bytes already RX'd in buffer */
 
-       /* TTY TX helpers */
-       struct work_struct      tx_work;        /* Flushes TTY TX buffer   */
-       unsigned char           *txbuf;
-       unsigned char           *txhead;        /* Pointer to next TX byte */
-       int                     txleft;         /* Bytes left to TX */
+       /* TTY and netdev devices that we're bridging */
+       struct tty_struct *tty;
+       struct net_device *dev;
 
-       /* TTY RX helpers */
-       unsigned char rxbuf[ELM327_SIZE_RXBUF];
-       int rxfill;
+       /* Per-channel lock */
+       spinlock_t lock;
 
        /* State machine */
        enum {
-               ELM_NOTINIT = 0,
-               ELM_GETMAGICCHAR,
-               ELM_GETPROMPT,
-               ELM_RECEIVING,
+               ELM327_STATE_NOTINIT = 0,
+               ELM327_STATE_GETDUMMYCHAR,
+               ELM327_STATE_GETPROMPT,
+               ELM327_STATE_RECEIVING,
        } state;
 
-       int drop_next_line;
+       /* Things we have yet to send */
+       char **next_init_cmd;
+       unsigned long cmds_todo;
 
        /* The CAN frame and config the ELM327 is sending/using,
         * or will send/use after finishing all cmds_todo
         */
-       struct can_frame can_frame;
-       unsigned short can_config;
-       unsigned long can_bitrate;
-       unsigned char can_bitrate_divisor;
-       int silent_monitoring;
+       struct can_frame can_frame_to_send;
+       u16 can_config;
+       u8 can_bitrate_divisor;
 
-       /* Things we have yet to send */
-       char **next_init_cmd;
-       unsigned long cmds_todo;
-};
+       /* Parser state */
+       bool drop_next_line;
 
-/* A lock for all tty->disc_data handled by this ldisc.
- * This is to prevent a case where tty->disc_data is set to NULL,
- * yet someone is still trying to dereference it.
- * Without this, we cannot do a clean shutdown.
- */
-static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(elmcan_discdata_lock);
+       /* Stop the channel on UART side hardware failure, e.g. stray
+        * characters or neverending lines. This may be caused by bad
+        * UART wiring, a bad ELM327, a bad UART bridge...
+        * Once this is true, nothing will be sent to the TTY.
+        */
+       bool uart_side_failure;
+};
 
-static inline void elm327_hw_failure(struct elmcan *elm);
+static inline void elm327_uart_side_failure(struct elmcan *elm);
 
-/* Assumes elm->lock taken. */
 static void elm327_send(struct elmcan *elm, const void *buf, size_t len)
 {
-       int actual;
+       int written;
+
+       lockdep_assert_held(elm->lock);
 
-       if (elm->hw_failure)
+       if (elm->uart_side_failure)
                return;
 
        memcpy(elm->txbuf, buf, len);
 
-       /* Order of next two lines is *very* important.
-        * When we are sending a little amount of data,
-        * the transfer may be completed inside the ops->write()
-        * routine, because it's running with interrupts enabled.
-        * In this case we *never* got WRITE_WAKEUP event,
-        * if we did not request it before write operation.
-        *       14 Oct 1994  Dmitry Gorodchanin.
-        */
-       set_bit(TTY_DO_WRITE_WAKEUP, &elm->tty->flags);
-       actual = elm->tty->ops->write(elm->tty, elm->txbuf, len);
-       if (actual < 0) {
+       written = elm->tty->ops->write(elm->tty, elm->txbuf, len);
+       if (written < 0) {
                netdev_err(elm->dev,
                           "Failed to write to tty %s.\n",
                           elm->tty->name);
-               elm327_hw_failure(elm);
+               elm327_uart_side_failure(elm);
                return;
        }
 
-       elm->txleft = len - actual;
-       elm->txhead = elm->txbuf + actual;
+       elm->txleft = len - written;
+       elm->txhead = elm->txbuf + written;
+
+       if (elm->txleft)
+               set_bit(TTY_DO_WRITE_WAKEUP, &elm->tty->flags);
 }
 
 /* Take the ELM327 out of almost any state and back into command mode.
- * We send ELM327_MAGIC_CHAR which will either abort any running
+ * We send ELM327_DUMMY_CHAR which will either abort any running
  * operation, or be echoed back to us in case we're already in command
  * mode.
- *
- * Assumes elm->lock taken.
  */
 static void elm327_kick_into_cmd_mode(struct elmcan *elm)
 {
-       if (elm->state != ELM_GETMAGICCHAR && elm->state != ELM_GETPROMPT) {
-               elm327_send(elm, ELM327_MAGIC_STRING, 1);
+       lockdep_assert_held(elm->lock);
+
+       if (elm->state != ELM327_STATE_GETDUMMYCHAR &&
+           elm->state != ELM327_STATE_GETPROMPT) {
+               elm327_send(elm, ELM327_DUMMY_STRING, 1);
 
-               elm->state = ELM_GETMAGICCHAR;
+               elm->state = ELM327_STATE_GETDUMMYCHAR;
        }
 }
 
-/* Schedule a CAN frame and necessary config changes to be sent to the TTY.
- *
- * Assumes elm->lock taken.
- */
+/* Schedule a CAN frame and necessary config changes to be sent to the TTY. */
 static void elm327_send_frame(struct elmcan *elm, struct can_frame *frame)
 {
+       lockdep_assert_held(elm->lock);
+
        /* Schedule any necessary changes in ELM327's CAN configuration */
-       if (elm->can_frame.can_id != frame->can_id) {
+       if (elm->can_frame_to_send.can_id != frame->can_id) {
                /* Set the new CAN ID for transmission. */
-               if ((frame->can_id & CAN_EFF_FLAG)
-                   ^ (elm->can_frame.can_id & CAN_EFF_FLAG)) {
+               if ((frame->can_id & CAN_EFF_FLAG) ^
+                   (elm->can_frame_to_send.can_id & CAN_EFF_FLAG)) {
                        elm->can_config = (frame->can_id & CAN_EFF_FLAG
                                                ? 0
                                                : ELM327_CAN_CONFIG_SEND_SFF)
@@ -219,37 +199,36 @@ static void elm327_send_frame(struct elmcan *elm, struct can_frame *frame)
                                        | ELM327_CAN_CONFIG_RECV_BOTH_SFF_EFF
                                        | elm->can_bitrate_divisor;
 
-                       set_bit(TODO_CAN_CONFIG, &elm->cmds_todo);
+                       set_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CAN_CONFIG, &elm->cmds_todo);
                }
 
                if (frame->can_id & CAN_EFF_FLAG) {
-                       clear_bit(TODO_CANID_11BIT, &elm->cmds_todo);
-                       set_bit(TODO_CANID_29BIT_LOW, &elm->cmds_todo);
-                       set_bit(TODO_CANID_29BIT_HIGH, &elm->cmds_todo);
+                       clear_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CANID_11BIT, &elm->cmds_todo);
+                       set_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CANID_29BIT_LOW, &elm->cmds_todo);
+                       set_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CANID_29BIT_HIGH, &elm->cmds_todo);
                } else {
-                       set_bit(TODO_CANID_11BIT, &elm->cmds_todo);
-                       clear_bit(TODO_CANID_29BIT_LOW, &elm->cmds_todo);
-                       clear_bit(TODO_CANID_29BIT_HIGH, &elm->cmds_todo);
+                       set_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CANID_11BIT, &elm->cmds_todo);
+                       clear_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CANID_29BIT_LOW, &elm->cmds_todo);
+                       clear_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CANID_29BIT_HIGH, &elm->cmds_todo);
                }
        }
 
        /* Schedule the CAN frame itself. */
-       elm->can_frame = *frame;
-       set_bit(TODO_CAN_DATA, &elm->cmds_todo);
+       elm->can_frame_to_send = *frame;
+       set_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CAN_DATA, &elm->cmds_todo);
 
        elm327_kick_into_cmd_mode(elm);
 }
 
-/* ELM327 initialization sequence.
- *
- * Assumes elm->lock taken.
+/* ELM327 initialisation sequence.
+ * The line length is limited by the buffer in elm327_handle_prompt().
  */
 static char *elm327_init_script[] = {
        "AT WS\r",        /* v1.0: Warm Start */
        "AT PP FF OFF\r", /* v1.0: All Programmable Parameters Off */
        "AT M0\r",        /* v1.0: Memory Off */
        "AT AL\r",        /* v1.0: Allow Long messages */
-       "AT BI\r",        /* v1.0: Bypass Initialization */
+       "AT BI\r",        /* v1.0: Bypass Initialisation */
        "AT CAF0\r",      /* v1.0: CAN Auto Formatting Off */
        "AT CFC0\r",      /* v1.0: CAN Flow Control Off */
        "AT CF 000\r",    /* v1.0: Reset CAN ID Filter */
@@ -268,8 +247,10 @@ static char *elm327_init_script[] = {
 
 static void elm327_init(struct elmcan *elm)
 {
-       elm->state = ELM_NOTINIT;
-       elm->can_frame.can_id = 0x7df;
+       lockdep_assert_held(elm->lock);
+
+       elm->state = ELM327_STATE_NOTINIT;
+       elm->can_frame_to_send.can_id = 0x7df; /* ELM327 HW default */
        elm->rxfill = 0;
        elm->drop_next_line = 0;
 
@@ -285,31 +266,22 @@ static void elm327_init(struct elmcan *elm)
 
        /* Configure ELM327 and then start monitoring */
        elm->next_init_cmd = &elm327_init_script[0];
-       set_bit(TODO_INIT, &elm->cmds_todo);
-       set_bit(TODO_SILENT_MONITOR, &elm->cmds_todo);
-       set_bit(TODO_RESPONSES, &elm->cmds_todo);
-       set_bit(TODO_CAN_CONFIG, &elm->cmds_todo);
+       set_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_INIT, &elm->cmds_todo);
+       set_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_SILENT_MONITOR, &elm->cmds_todo);
+       set_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_RESPONSES, &elm->cmds_todo);
+       set_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CAN_CONFIG, &elm->cmds_todo);
 
        elm327_kick_into_cmd_mode(elm);
 }
 
-/* Assumes elm->lock taken. */
 static void elm327_feed_frame_to_netdev(struct elmcan *elm,
-                                       const struct can_frame *frame)
+                                       struct sk_buff *skb)
 {
-       struct can_frame *cf;
-       struct sk_buff *skb;
+       lockdep_assert_held(elm->lock);
 
        if (!netif_running(elm->dev))
                return;
 
-       skb = alloc_can_skb(elm->dev, &cf);
-
-       if (!skb)
-               return;
-
-       memcpy(cf, frame, sizeof(struct can_frame));
-
        /* Queue for NAPI pickup.
         * rx-offload will update stats and LEDs for us.
         */
@@ -322,95 +294,98 @@ static void elm327_feed_frame_to_netdev(struct elmcan *elm,
 #endif
 }
 
-/* Called when we're out of ideas and just want it all to end.
- * Assumes elm->lock taken.
- */
-static inline void elm327_hw_failure(struct elmcan *elm)
+/* Called when we're out of ideas and just want it all to end. */
+static inline void elm327_uart_side_failure(struct elmcan *elm)
 {
-       struct can_frame frame;
+       struct can_frame *frame;
+       struct sk_buff *skb;
 
-       memset(&frame, 0, sizeof(frame));
-       frame.can_id = CAN_ERR_FLAG;
-       frame.can_dlc = CAN_ERR_DLC;
-       frame.data[5] = 'R';
-       frame.data[6] = 'I';
-       frame.data[7] = 'P';
-       elm327_feed_frame_to_netdev(elm, &frame);
+       lockdep_assert_held(elm->lock);
 
-       netdev_err(elm->dev, "ELM327 misbehaved. Blocking further communication.\n");
+       elm->uart_side_failure = true;
 
-       elm->hw_failure = true;
+       elm->can.can_stats.bus_off++;
+       netif_stop_queue(elm->dev);
+       elm->can.state = CAN_STATE_BUS_OFF;
        can_bus_off(elm->dev);
+
+       netdev_err(elm->dev, "ELM327 misbehaved. Blocking further communication.\n");
+
+       skb = alloc_can_err_skb(elm->dev, &frame);
+       if (!skb)
+               return;
+
+       frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_BUSOFF;
+       elm327_feed_frame_to_netdev(elm, skb);
 }
 
-/* Compare a buffer to a fixed string */
-static int _memstrcmp(const u8 *mem, const char *str)
+/* Compare buffer to string length, then compare buffer to fixed string.
+ * This ensures two things:
+ *  - It flags cases where the fixed string is only the start of the
+ *    buffer, rather than exactly all of it.
+ *  - It avoids byte comparisons in case the length doesn't match.
+ *
+ * strncmp() cannot be used here because it accepts the following wrong case:
+ *   strncmp("CAN ER", "CAN ERROR", 6);
+ * This must fail, hence this helper function.
+ */
+static inline int check_len_then_cmp(const u8 *mem, size_t mem_len, const char *str)
 {
-       return memcmp(mem, str, strlen(str));
+       size_t str_len = strlen(str);
+
+       return (mem_len == str_len) && !memcmp(mem, str, str_len);
 }
 
-/* Assumes elm->lock taken. */
-static void elm327_parse_error(struct elmcan *elm, int len)
+static void elm327_parse_error(struct elmcan *elm, size_t len)
 {
-       struct can_frame frame;
+       struct can_frame *frame;
+       struct sk_buff *skb;
 
-       memset(&frame, 0, sizeof(frame));
-       frame.can_id = CAN_ERR_FLAG;
-       frame.can_dlc = CAN_ERR_DLC;
+       lockdep_assert_held(elm->lock);
+
+       skb = alloc_can_err_skb(elm->dev, &frame);
+       if (!skb)
+               /* It's okay to return here:
+                * The outer parsing loop will drop this UART buffer.
+                */
+               return;
 
        /* Filter possible error messages based on length of RX'd line */
-       switch (len) {
-       case 17:
-               if (!_memstrcmp(elm->rxbuf, "UNABLE TO CONNECT")) {
-                       netdev_err(elm->dev,
-                                  "ELM327 reported UNABLE TO CONNECT. Please check your setup.\n");
-               }
-               break;
-       case 11:
-               if (!_memstrcmp(elm->rxbuf, "BUFFER FULL")) {
-                       /* This case will only happen if the last data
-                        * line was complete.
-                        * Otherwise, elm327_parse_frame() will heuristically
-                        * emit this error frame instead.
-                        */
-                       frame.can_id |= CAN_ERR_CRTL;
-                       frame.data[1] = CAN_ERR_CRTL_RX_OVERFLOW;
-               }
-               break;
-       case 9:
-               if (!_memstrcmp(elm->rxbuf, "BUS ERROR"))
-                       frame.can_id |= CAN_ERR_BUSERROR;
-               if (!_memstrcmp(elm->rxbuf, "CAN ERROR"))
-                       frame.can_id |= CAN_ERR_PROT;
-               if (!_memstrcmp(elm->rxbuf, "<RX ERROR"))
-                       frame.can_id |= CAN_ERR_PROT;
-               break;
-       case 8:
-               if (!_memstrcmp(elm->rxbuf, "BUS BUSY")) {
-                       frame.can_id |= CAN_ERR_PROT;
-                       frame.data[2] = CAN_ERR_PROT_OVERLOAD;
-               }
-               if (!_memstrcmp(elm->rxbuf, "FB ERROR")) {
-                       frame.can_id |= CAN_ERR_PROT;
-                       frame.data[2] = CAN_ERR_PROT_TX;
-               }
-               break;
-       case 5: /* ERR is followed by two digits, hence line length 5 */
-               if (!_memstrcmp(elm->rxbuf, "ERR")) {
-                       netdev_err(elm->dev, "ELM327 reported an ERR%c%c. Please power it off and on again.\n",
-                                  elm->rxbuf[3], elm->rxbuf[4]);
-                       frame.can_id |= CAN_ERR_CRTL;
-               }
-               break;
-       default:
+       if (check_len_then_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "UNABLE TO CONNECT")) {
+               netdev_err(elm->dev,
+                          "ELM327 reported UNABLE TO CONNECT. Please check your setup.\n");
+       } else if (check_len_then_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "BUFFER FULL")) {
+               /* This will only happen if the last data line was complete.
+                * Otherwise, elm327_parse_frame() will heuristically
+                * emit this kind of error frame instead.
+                */
+               frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_CRTL;
+               frame->data[1] = CAN_ERR_CRTL_RX_OVERFLOW;
+       } else if (check_len_then_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "BUS ERROR")) {
+               frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_BUSERROR;
+       } else if (check_len_then_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "CAN ERROR")) {
+               frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_PROT;
+       } else if (check_len_then_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "<RX ERROR")) {
+               frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_PROT;
+       } else if (check_len_then_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "BUS BUSY")) {
+               frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_PROT;
+               frame->data[2] = CAN_ERR_PROT_OVERLOAD;
+       } else if (check_len_then_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "FB ERROR")) {
+               frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_PROT;
+               frame->data[2] = CAN_ERR_PROT_TX;
+       } else if (len == 5 && !memcmp(elm->rxbuf, "ERR", 3)) {
+               /* ERR is followed by two digits, hence line length 5 */
+               netdev_err(elm->dev, "ELM327 reported an ERR%c%c. Please power it off and on again.\n",
+                          elm->rxbuf[3], elm->rxbuf[4]);
+               frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_CRTL;
+       } else {
                /* Something else has happened.
                 * Maybe garbage on the UART line.
                 * Emit a generic error frame.
                 */
-               break;
        }
 
-       elm327_feed_frame_to_netdev(elm, &frame);
+       elm327_feed_frame_to_netdev(elm, skb);
 }
 
 /* Parse CAN frames coming as ASCII from ELM327.
@@ -424,17 +399,20 @@ static void elm327_parse_error(struct elmcan *elm, int len)
  * Instead of a payload, RTR indicates a remote request.
  *
  * We will use the spaces and line length to guess the format.
- *
- * Assumes elm->lock taken.
  */
-static int elm327_parse_frame(struct elmcan *elm, int len)
+static int elm327_parse_frame(struct elmcan *elm, size_t len)
 {
-       struct can_frame frame;
+       struct can_frame *frame;
+       struct sk_buff *skb;
        int hexlen;
        int datastart;
        int i;
 
-       memset(&frame, 0, sizeof(frame));
+       lockdep_assert_held(elm->lock);
+
+       skb = alloc_can_skb(elm->dev, &frame);
+       if (!skb)
+               return -ENOMEM;
 
        /* Find first non-hex and non-space character:
         *  - In the simplest case, there is none.
@@ -448,12 +426,10 @@ static int elm327_parse_frame(struct elmcan *elm, int len)
                }
        }
 
-       /* If we accept stray characters coming in:
-        * Check for stray characters on a payload line.
-        * No idea what causes this.
+       /* Sanity check whether the line is really a clean hexdump,
+        * or terminated by an error message, or contains garbage.
         */
-       if (accept_flaky_uart &&
-           hexlen < len &&
+       if (hexlen < len &&
            !isdigit(elm->rxbuf[hexlen]) &&
            !isupper(elm->rxbuf[hexlen]) &&
            '<' != elm->rxbuf[hexlen] &&
@@ -471,10 +447,9 @@ static int elm327_parse_frame(struct elmcan *elm, int len)
        if (elm->rxbuf[2] == ' ' && elm->rxbuf[5] == ' ' &&
            elm->rxbuf[8] == ' ' && elm->rxbuf[11] == ' ' &&
            elm->rxbuf[13] == ' ') {
-               frame.can_id = CAN_EFF_FLAG;
+               frame->can_id = CAN_EFF_FLAG;
                datastart = 14;
        } else if (elm->rxbuf[3] == ' ' && elm->rxbuf[5] == ' ') {
-               frame.can_id = 0;
                datastart = 6;
        } else {
                /* This is not a well-formatted data line.
@@ -495,44 +470,43 @@ static int elm327_parse_frame(struct elmcan *elm, int len)
         */
 
        /* Read CAN data length */
-       frame.can_dlc = (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[datastart - 2]) << 0);
+       frame->len = (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[datastart - 2]) << 0);
 
        /* Read CAN ID */
-       if (frame.can_id & CAN_EFF_FLAG) {
-               frame.can_id |= (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[0]) << 28)
-                             | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[1]) << 24)
-                             | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[3]) << 20)
-                             | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[4]) << 16)
-                             | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[6]) << 12)
-                             | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[7]) << 8)
-                             | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[9]) << 4)
-                             | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[10]) << 0);
+       if (frame->can_id & CAN_EFF_FLAG) {
+               frame->can_id |= (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[0]) << 28)
+                              | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[1]) << 24)
+                              | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[3]) << 20)
+                              | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[4]) << 16)
+                              | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[6]) << 12)
+                              | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[7]) << 8)
+                              | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[9]) << 4)
+                              | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[10]) << 0);
        } else {
-               frame.can_id |= (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[0]) << 8)
-                             | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[1]) << 4)
-                             | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[2]) << 0);
+               frame->can_id |= (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[0]) << 8)
+                              | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[1]) << 4)
+                              | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[2]) << 0);
        }
 
        /* Check for RTR frame */
        if (elm->rxfill >= hexlen + 3 &&
-           !_memstrcmp(&elm->rxbuf[hexlen], "RTR")) {
-               frame.can_id |= CAN_RTR_FLAG;
+           !memcmp(&elm->rxbuf[hexlen], "RTR", 3)) {
+               frame->can_id |= CAN_RTR_FLAG;
        }
 
        /* Is the line long enough to hold the advertised payload?
         * Note: RTR frames have a DLC, but no actual payload.
         */
-       if (!(frame.can_id & CAN_RTR_FLAG) &&
-           (hexlen < frame.can_dlc * 3 + datastart)) {
-               /* Incomplete frame. */
-
-               /* Probably the ELM327's RS232 TX buffer was full.
+       if (!(frame->can_id & CAN_RTR_FLAG) &&
+           (hexlen < frame->len * 3 + datastart)) {
+               /* Incomplete frame.
+                * Probably the ELM327's RS232 TX buffer was full.
                 * Emit an error frame and exit.
                 */
-               frame.can_id = CAN_ERR_FLAG | CAN_ERR_CRTL;
-               frame.can_dlc = CAN_ERR_DLC;
-               frame.data[1] = CAN_ERR_CRTL_RX_OVERFLOW;
-               elm327_feed_frame_to_netdev(elm, &frame);
+               frame->can_id = CAN_ERR_FLAG | CAN_ERR_CRTL;
+               frame->len = CAN_ERR_DLC;
+               frame->data[1] = CAN_ERR_CRTL_RX_OVERFLOW;
+               elm327_feed_frame_to_netdev(elm, skb);
 
                /* Signal failure to parse.
                 * The line will be re-parsed as an error line, which will fail.
@@ -543,20 +517,21 @@ static int elm327_parse_frame(struct elmcan *elm, int len)
        }
 
        /* Parse the data nibbles. */
-       for (i = 0; i < frame.can_dlc; i++) {
-               frame.data[i] = (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[datastart + 3*i]) << 4)
-                             | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[datastart + 3*i + 1]));
+       for (i = 0; i < frame->len; i++) {
+               frame->data[i] = (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[datastart + 3*i]) << 4)
+                              | (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[datastart + 3*i + 1]));
        }
 
        /* Feed the frame to the network layer. */
-       elm327_feed_frame_to_netdev(elm, &frame);
+       elm327_feed_frame_to_netdev(elm, skb);
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Assumes elm->lock taken. */
-static void elm327_parse_line(struct elmcan *elm, int len)
+static void elm327_parse_line(struct elmcan *elm, size_t len)
 {
+       lockdep_assert_held(elm->lock);
+
        /* Skip empty lines */
        if (!len)
                return;
@@ -565,98 +540,120 @@ static void elm327_parse_line(struct elmcan *elm, int len)
        if (elm->drop_next_line) {
                elm->drop_next_line = 0;
                return;
-       } else if (!_memstrcmp(elm->rxbuf, "AT")) {
+       } else if (!memcmp(elm->rxbuf, "AT", 2)) {
                return;
        }
 
        /* Regular parsing */
-       switch (elm->state) {
-       case ELM_RECEIVING:
-               if (elm327_parse_frame(elm, len)) {
-                       /* Parse an error line. */
-                       elm327_parse_error(elm, len);
+       if (elm->state == ELM327_STATE_RECEIVING
+           && elm327_parse_frame(elm, len)) {
+               /* Parse an error line. */
+               elm327_parse_error(elm, len);
 
-                       /* Start afresh. */
-                       elm327_kick_into_cmd_mode(elm);
-               }
-               break;
-       default:
-               break;
+               /* Start afresh. */
+               elm327_kick_into_cmd_mode(elm);
        }
 }
 
-/* Assumes elm->lock taken. */
 static void elm327_handle_prompt(struct elmcan *elm)
 {
-       struct can_frame *frame = &elm->can_frame;
-       char local_txbuf[20];
+       struct can_frame *frame = &elm->can_frame_to_send;
+       /* Size this buffer for the largest ELM327 line we may generate,
+        * which is currently an 8 byte CAN frame's payload hexdump.
+        * Items in elm327_init_script must fit here, too!
+        */
+       char local_txbuf[sizeof("0102030405060708\r")];
+
+       lockdep_assert_held(elm->lock);
 
        if (!elm->cmds_todo) {
                /* Enter CAN monitor mode */
                elm327_send(elm, "ATMA\r", 5);
-               elm->state = ELM_RECEIVING;
+               elm->state = ELM327_STATE_RECEIVING;
+
+               /* We will be in the default state once this command is
+                * send, so enable the TX packet queue.
+                */
+               netif_wake_queue(elm->dev);
 
                return;
        }
 
        /* Reconfigure ELM327 step by step as indicated by elm->cmds_todo */
-       if (test_bit(TODO_INIT, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
-               strcpy(local_txbuf, *elm->next_init_cmd);
+       if (test_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_INIT, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
+               snprintf(local_txbuf, sizeof(local_txbuf),
+                       "%s",
+                       *elm->next_init_cmd);
 
                elm->next_init_cmd++;
                if (!(*elm->next_init_cmd)) {
-                       clear_bit(TODO_INIT, &elm->cmds_todo);
-                       netdev_info(elm->dev, "Initialization finished.\n");
+                       clear_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_INIT, &elm->cmds_todo);
+                       /* Init finished. */
                }
 
-       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(TODO_SILENT_MONITOR, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
-               sprintf(local_txbuf, "ATCSM%i\r",
+       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_SILENT_MONITOR, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
+               snprintf(local_txbuf, sizeof(local_txbuf),
+                       "ATCSM%i\r",
                        !(!(elm->can.ctrlmode & CAN_CTRLMODE_LISTENONLY)));
 
-       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(TODO_RESPONSES, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
-               sprintf(local_txbuf, "ATR%i\r",
+       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_RESPONSES, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
+               snprintf(local_txbuf, sizeof(local_txbuf),
+                       "ATR%i\r",
                        !(elm->can.ctrlmode & CAN_CTRLMODE_LISTENONLY));
 
-       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(TODO_CAN_CONFIG, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
-               sprintf(local_txbuf, "ATPC\r");
-               set_bit(TODO_CAN_CONFIG_PART2, &elm->cmds_todo);
+       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CAN_CONFIG, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
+               snprintf(local_txbuf, sizeof(local_txbuf),
+                       "ATPC\r");
+               set_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CAN_CONFIG_PART2, &elm->cmds_todo);
 
-       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(TODO_CAN_CONFIG_PART2, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
-               sprintf(local_txbuf, "ATPB%04X\r",
+       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CAN_CONFIG_PART2, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
+               snprintf(local_txbuf, sizeof(local_txbuf),
+                       "ATPB%04X\r",
                        elm->can_config);
 
-       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(TODO_CANID_29BIT_HIGH, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
-               sprintf(local_txbuf, "ATCP%02X\r",
+       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CANID_29BIT_HIGH, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
+               snprintf(local_txbuf, sizeof(local_txbuf),
+                       "ATCP%02X\r",
                        (frame->can_id & CAN_EFF_MASK) >> 24);
 
-       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(TODO_CANID_29BIT_LOW, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
-               sprintf(local_txbuf, "ATSH%06X\r",
+       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CANID_29BIT_LOW, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
+               snprintf(local_txbuf, sizeof(local_txbuf),
+                       "ATSH%06X\r",
                        frame->can_id & CAN_EFF_MASK & ((1 << 24) - 1));
 
-       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(TODO_CANID_11BIT, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
-               sprintf(local_txbuf, "ATSH%03X\r",
+       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CANID_11BIT, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
+               snprintf(local_txbuf, sizeof(local_txbuf),
+                       "ATSH%03X\r",
                        frame->can_id & CAN_SFF_MASK);
 
-       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(TODO_CAN_DATA, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
+       } else if (test_and_clear_bit(ELM327_TX_DO_CAN_DATA, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
                if (frame->can_id & CAN_RTR_FLAG) {
                        /* Send an RTR frame. Their DLC is fixed.
                         * Some chips don't send them at all.
                         */
-                       sprintf(local_txbuf, "ATRTR\r");
+                       snprintf(local_txbuf, sizeof(local_txbuf),
+                               "ATRTR\r");
                } else {
                        /* Send a regular CAN data frame */
                        int i;
 
-                       for (i = 0; i < frame->can_dlc; i++) {
-                               sprintf(&local_txbuf[2 * i], "%02X",
+                       for (i = 0; i < frame->len; i++) {
+                               snprintf(&local_txbuf[2 * i], sizeof(local_txbuf),
+                                       "%02X",
                                        frame->data[i]);
                        }
 
-                       sprintf(&local_txbuf[2 * i], "\r");
+                       snprintf(&local_txbuf[2 * i], sizeof(local_txbuf),
+                               "\r");
                }
 
                elm->drop_next_line = 1;
-               elm->state = ELM_RECEIVING;
+               elm->state = ELM327_STATE_RECEIVING;
+
+               /* We will be in the default state once this command is
+                * send, so enable the TX packet queue.
+                */
+               netif_wake_queue(elm->dev);
        }
 
        elm327_send(elm, local_txbuf, strlen(local_txbuf));
@@ -670,36 +667,37 @@ static bool elm327_is_ready_char(char c)
        return (c & 0x3f) == ELM327_READY_CHAR;
 }
 
-/* Assumes elm->lock taken. */
-static void elm327_drop_bytes(struct elmcan *elm, int i)
+static void elm327_drop_bytes(struct elmcan *elm, size_t i)
 {
+       lockdep_assert_held(elm->lock);
+
        memmove(&elm->rxbuf[0], &elm->rxbuf[i], ELM327_SIZE_RXBUF - i);
        elm->rxfill -= i;
 }
 
-/* Assumes elm->lock taken. */
 static void elm327_parse_rxbuf(struct elmcan *elm)
 {
-       int len;
+       size_t len;
+       int i;
+
+       lockdep_assert_held(elm->lock);
 
        switch (elm->state) {
-       case ELM_NOTINIT:
+       case ELM327_STATE_NOTINIT:
                elm->rxfill = 0;
                break;
 
-       case ELM_GETMAGICCHAR:
+       case ELM327_STATE_GETDUMMYCHAR:
        {
                /* Wait for 'y' or '>' */
-               int i;
-
                for (i = 0; i < elm->rxfill; i++) {
-                       if (elm->rxbuf[i] == ELM327_MAGIC_CHAR) {
+                       if (elm->rxbuf[i] == ELM327_DUMMY_CHAR) {
                                elm327_send(elm, "\r", 1);
-                               elm->state = ELM_GETPROMPT;
+                               elm->state = ELM327_STATE_GETPROMPT;
                                i++;
                                break;
                        } else if (elm327_is_ready_char(elm->rxbuf[i])) {
-                               elm327_send(elm, ELM327_MAGIC_STRING, 1);
+                               elm327_send(elm, ELM327_DUMMY_STRING, 1);
                                i++;
                                break;
                        }
@@ -710,7 +708,7 @@ static void elm327_parse_rxbuf(struct elmcan *elm)
                break;
        }
 
-       case ELM_GETPROMPT:
+       case ELM327_STATE_GETPROMPT:
                /* Wait for '>' */
                if (elm327_is_ready_char(elm->rxbuf[elm->rxfill - 1]))
                        elm327_handle_prompt(elm);
@@ -718,7 +716,7 @@ static void elm327_parse_rxbuf(struct elmcan *elm)
                elm->rxfill = 0;
                break;
 
-       case ELM_RECEIVING:
+       case ELM327_STATE_RECEIVING:
                /* Find <CR> delimiting feedback lines. */
                for (len = 0;
                     (len < elm->rxfill) && (elm->rxbuf[len] != '\r');
@@ -732,7 +730,7 @@ static void elm327_parse_rxbuf(struct elmcan *elm)
                         */
                        netdev_err(elm->dev,
                                   "RX buffer overflow. Faulty ELM327 or UART?\n");
-                       elm327_hw_failure(elm);
+                       elm327_uart_side_failure(elm);
                        break;
                } else if (len == elm->rxfill) {
                        if (elm327_is_ready_char(elm->rxbuf[elm->rxfill - 1])) {
@@ -764,6 +762,7 @@ static void elm327_parse_rxbuf(struct elmcan *elm)
        }
 }
 
+#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(5,10,0)
 /* Dummy needed to use can_rx_offload */
 static struct sk_buff *elmcan_mailbox_read(struct can_rx_offload *offload,
                                           unsigned int n, u32 *timestamp,
@@ -773,6 +772,7 @@ static struct sk_buff *elmcan_mailbox_read(struct can_rx_offload *offload,
 
        return ERR_PTR(-ENOBUFS);
 }
+#endif
 
 static int elmcan_netdev_open(struct net_device *dev)
 {
@@ -780,17 +780,19 @@ static int elmcan_netdev_open(struct net_device *dev)
        int err;
 
        spin_lock_bh(&elm->lock);
-       if (elm->hw_failure) {
-               netdev_err(elm->dev, "Refusing to open interface after a hardware fault has been detected.\n");
-               spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
-               return -EIO;
-       }
 
        if (!elm->tty) {
                spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
                return -ENODEV;
        }
 
+       if (elm->uart_side_failure)
+               netdev_warn(elm->dev, "Reopening netdev after a UART side fault has been detected.\n");
+
+       /* Clear TTY buffers */
+       elm->rxfill = 0;
+       elm->txleft = 0;
+
        /* open_candev() checks for elm->can.bittiming.bitrate != 0 */
        err = open_candev(dev);
        if (err) {
@@ -801,8 +803,12 @@ static int elmcan_netdev_open(struct net_device *dev)
        elm327_init(elm);
        spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
 
+#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(5,10,0)
        elm->offload.mailbox_read = elmcan_mailbox_read;
        err = can_rx_offload_add_fifo(dev, &elm->offload, ELM327_NAPI_WEIGHT);
+#else
+       err = can_rx_offload_add_manual(dev, &elm->offload, ELM327_NAPI_WEIGHT);
+#endif
        if (err) {
                close_candev(dev);
                return err;
@@ -821,24 +827,16 @@ static int elmcan_netdev_close(struct net_device *dev)
 {
        struct elmcan *elm = netdev_priv(dev);
 
-       netif_stop_queue(dev);
-
+       /* Interrupt whatever the ELM327 is doing right now */
        spin_lock_bh(&elm->lock);
-       if (elm->tty) {
-               /* Interrupt whatever we're doing right now */
-               elm327_send(elm, ELM327_MAGIC_STRING, 1);
-
-               /* Clear the wakeup bit, as the netdev will be down and thus
-                * the wakeup handler won't clear it
-                */
-               clear_bit(TTY_DO_WRITE_WAKEUP, &elm->tty->flags);
+       elm327_send(elm, ELM327_DUMMY_STRING, 1);
+       spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
 
-               spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
+       netif_stop_queue(dev);
 
-               flush_work(&elm->tx_work);
-       } else {
-               spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
-       }
+       /* Give UART one final chance to flush. */
+       clear_bit(TTY_DO_WRITE_WAKEUP, &elm->tty->flags);
+       flush_work(&elm->tx_work);
 
        can_rx_offload_disable(&elm->offload);
        elm->can.state = CAN_STATE_STOPPED;
@@ -856,13 +854,8 @@ static netdev_tx_t elmcan_netdev_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb,
        struct elmcan *elm = netdev_priv(dev);
        struct can_frame *frame = (struct can_frame *)skb->data;
 
-       if (skb->len != sizeof(struct can_frame))
-               goto out;
-
-       if (!netif_running(dev))  {
-               netdev_warn(elm->dev, "xmit: iface is down.\n");
-               goto out;
-       }
+       if (can_dropped_invalid_skb(dev, skb))
+               return NETDEV_TX_OK;
 
        /* BHs are already disabled, so no spin_lock_bh().
         * See Documentation/networking/netdevices.txt
@@ -872,10 +865,10 @@ static netdev_tx_t elmcan_netdev_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb,
        /* We shouldn't get here after a hardware fault:
         * can_bus_off() calls netif_carrier_off()
         */
-       WARN_ON_ONCE(elm->hw_failure);
+       WARN_ON_ONCE(elm->uart_side_failure);
 
        if (!elm->tty ||
-           elm->hw_failure ||
+           elm->uart_side_failure ||
            elm->can.ctrlmode & CAN_CTRLMODE_LISTENONLY) {
                spin_unlock(&elm->lock);
                goto out;
@@ -887,7 +880,7 @@ static netdev_tx_t elmcan_netdev_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb,
        spin_unlock(&elm->lock);
 
        dev->stats.tx_packets++;
-       dev->stats.tx_bytes += frame->can_dlc;
+       dev->stats.tx_bytes += frame->len;
 
        can_led_event(dev, CAN_LED_EVENT_TX);
 
@@ -903,45 +896,11 @@ static const struct net_device_ops elmcan_netdev_ops = {
        .ndo_change_mtu = can_change_mtu,
 };
 
-/* Get a reference to our struct, taking into account locks/refcounts.
- * This is to ensure ordering in case we are shutting down, and to ensure
- * there is a refcount at all (otherwise tty->disc_data may be freed and
- * before we increment the refcount).
- * Use this for anything that can race against elmcan_ldisc_close().
- */
-static struct elmcan *get_elm(struct tty_struct *tty)
-{
-       struct elmcan *elm;
-       bool got_ref;
-
-       spin_lock_bh(&elmcan_discdata_lock);
-       elm = (struct elmcan *)tty->disc_data;
-
-       if (!elm) {
-               spin_unlock_bh(&elmcan_discdata_lock);
-               return NULL;
-       }
-
-       got_ref = atomic_inc_not_zero(&elm->refcount);
-       spin_unlock_bh(&elmcan_discdata_lock);
-
-       if (!got_ref)
-               return NULL;
-
-       return elm;
-}
-
-static void put_elm(struct elmcan *elm)
-{
-       atomic_dec(&elm->refcount);
-}
-
 static bool elmcan_is_valid_rx_char(char c)
 {
-       return (accept_flaky_uart ||
-               isdigit(c) ||
+       return (isdigit(c) ||
                isupper(c) ||
-               c == ELM327_MAGIC_CHAR ||
+               c == ELM327_DUMMY_CHAR ||
                c == ELM327_READY_CHAR ||
                c == '<' ||
                c == 'a' ||
@@ -965,21 +924,18 @@ static void elmcan_ldisc_rx(struct tty_struct *tty,
                            const unsigned char *cp, const char *fp, int count)
 #endif
 {
-       struct elmcan *elm = get_elm(tty);
-
-       if (!elm)
-               return;
+       struct elmcan *elm = (struct elmcan *)tty->disc_data;
 
        spin_lock_bh(&elm->lock);
 
-       if (elm->hw_failure)
+       if (elm->uart_side_failure)
                goto out;
 
        while (count-- && elm->rxfill < ELM327_SIZE_RXBUF) {
                if (fp && *fp++) {
                        netdev_err(elm->dev, "Error in received character stream. Check your wiring.");
 
-                       elm327_hw_failure(elm);
+                       elm327_uart_side_failure(elm);
 
                        goto out;
                }
@@ -997,7 +953,7 @@ static void elmcan_ldisc_rx(struct tty_struct *tty,
                                netdev_err(elm->dev,
                                           "Received illegal character %02x.\n",
                                           *cp);
-                               elm327_hw_failure(elm);
+                               elm327_uart_side_failure(elm);
 
                                goto out;
                        }
@@ -1011,7 +967,7 @@ static void elmcan_ldisc_rx(struct tty_struct *tty,
        if (count >= 0) {
                netdev_err(elm->dev, "Receive buffer overflowed. Bad chip or wiring?");
 
-               elm327_hw_failure(elm);
+               elm327_uart_side_failure(elm);
 
                goto out;
        }
@@ -1020,7 +976,6 @@ static void elmcan_ldisc_rx(struct tty_struct *tty,
 
 out:
        spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
-       put_elm(elm);
 }
 
 /* Write out remaining transmit buffer.
@@ -1028,59 +983,43 @@ out:
  */
 static void elmcan_ldisc_tx_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-       /* No need to use get_elm() here, as we'll always flush workers
-        * before destroying the elmcan object.
-        */
        struct elmcan *elm = container_of(work, struct elmcan, tx_work);
-       ssize_t actual;
+       ssize_t written;
 
-       spin_lock_bh(&elm->lock);
-       if (elm->hw_failure) {
-               spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
+       if (elm->uart_side_failure)
                return;
-       }
 
-       if (!elm->tty || !netif_running(elm->dev)) {
-               spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
-               return;
+       spin_lock_bh(&elm->lock);
+
+       if (elm->txleft) {
+               written = elm->tty->ops->write(elm->tty, elm->txhead, elm->txleft);
+               if (written < 0) {
+                       netdev_err(elm->dev,
+                                  "Failed to write to tty %s.\n",
+                                  elm->tty->name);
+                       elm327_uart_side_failure(elm);
+                       spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
+                       return;
+               } else {
+                       elm->txleft -= written;
+                       elm->txhead += written;
+               }
        }
 
-       if (elm->txleft <= 0)  {
-               /* Our TTY write buffer is empty:
-                * Allow netdev to hand us another packet
-                */
+       if (!elm->txleft)  {
                clear_bit(TTY_DO_WRITE_WAKEUP, &elm->tty->flags);
                spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
-               netif_wake_queue(elm->dev);
-               return;
-       }
-
-       actual = elm->tty->ops->write(elm->tty, elm->txhead, elm->txleft);
-       if (actual < 0) {
-               netdev_err(elm->dev,
-                          "Failed to write to tty %s.\n",
-                          elm->tty->name);
-               elm327_hw_failure(elm);
+       } else {
                spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
-               return;
        }
-
-       elm->txleft -= actual;
-       elm->txhead += actual;
-       spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
 }
 
 /* Called by the driver when there's room for more data. */
 static void elmcan_ldisc_tx_wakeup(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
-       struct elmcan *elm = get_elm(tty);
-
-       if (!elm)
-               return;
+       struct elmcan *elm = (struct elmcan *)tty->disc_data;
 
        schedule_work(&elm->tx_work);
-
-       put_elm(elm);
 }
 
 /* ELM327 can only handle bitrates that are integer divisors of 500 kHz,
@@ -1121,21 +1060,12 @@ static int elmcan_ldisc_open(struct tty_struct *tty)
                return -ENFILE;
        elm = netdev_priv(dev);
 
-       elm->txbuf = kmalloc(ELM327_SIZE_TXBUF, GFP_KERNEL);
-       if (!elm->txbuf) {
-               err = -ENOMEM;
-               goto out_err;
-       }
-
        /* Configure TTY interface */
        tty->receive_room = 65536; /* We don't flow control */
-       elm->txleft = 0; /* Clear TTY TX buffer */
        spin_lock_init(&elm->lock);
-       atomic_set(&elm->refcount, 1);
        INIT_WORK(&elm->tx_work, elmcan_ldisc_tx_worker);
 
        /* Configure CAN metadata */
-       elm->can.state = CAN_STATE_STOPPED;
        elm->can.bitrate_const = elmcan_bitrate_const;
        elm->can.bitrate_const_cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(elmcan_bitrate_const);
        elm->can.do_set_bittiming = elmcan_do_set_bittiming;
@@ -1161,7 +1091,6 @@ static int elmcan_ldisc_open(struct tty_struct *tty)
        return 0;
 
 out_err:
-       kfree(elm->txbuf);
        free_candev(elm->dev);
        return err;
 }
@@ -1175,27 +1104,13 @@ out_err:
  */
 static void elmcan_ldisc_close(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
-       struct elmcan *elm = get_elm(tty);
-
-       if (!elm)
-               return;
+       struct elmcan *elm = (struct elmcan *)tty->disc_data;
 
-       /* unregister_netdev() calls .ndo_stop() so we don't have to. */
-       unregister_candev(elm->dev);
-
-       /* Decrease the refcount twice, once for our own get_elm(),
-        * and once to remove the count of 1 that we set in _open().
-        * Once it reaches 0, we can safely destroy it.
+       /* unregister_netdev() calls .ndo_stop() so we don't have to.
+        * Our .ndo_stop() also flushes the TTY write wakeup handler,
+        * so we can safely set elm->tty = NULL after this.
         */
-       put_elm(elm);
-       put_elm(elm);
-
-       while (atomic_read(&elm->refcount) > 0)
-               msleep_interruptible(10);
-
-       /* At this point, all ldisc calls to us have become no-ops. */
-
-       flush_work(&elm->tx_work);
+       unregister_candev(elm->dev);
 
        /* Mark channel as dead */
        spin_lock_bh(&elm->lock);
@@ -1205,51 +1120,29 @@ static void elmcan_ldisc_close(struct tty_struct *tty)
 
        netdev_info(elm->dev, "elmcan off %s.\n", tty->name);
 
-       kfree(elm->txbuf);
        free_candev(elm->dev);
 }
 
-#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(5,16,0)
-static int elmcan_ldisc_hangup(struct tty_struct *tty)
-#else
-static void elmcan_ldisc_hangup(struct tty_struct *tty)
-#endif
-{
-       elmcan_ldisc_close(tty);
-#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(5,16,0)
-       return 0;
-#endif
-}
-
 static int elmcan_ldisc_ioctl(struct tty_struct *tty,
 #if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(5,17,0)
                              struct file *file,
 #endif
                              unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
-       struct elmcan *elm = get_elm(tty);
+       struct elmcan *elm = (struct elmcan *)tty->disc_data;
        unsigned int tmp;
 
-       if (!elm)
-               return -EINVAL;
-
        switch (cmd) {
        case SIOCGIFNAME:
                tmp = strnlen(elm->dev->name, IFNAMSIZ - 1) + 1;
-               if (copy_to_user((void __user *)arg, elm->dev->name, tmp)) {
-                       put_elm(elm);
+               if (copy_to_user((void __user *)arg, elm->dev->name, tmp))
                        return -EFAULT;
-               }
-
-               put_elm(elm);
                return 0;
 
        case SIOCSIFHWADDR:
-               put_elm(elm);
                return -EINVAL;
 
        default:
-               put_elm(elm);
 #if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(5,16,0)
                return tty_mode_ioctl(tty, file, cmd, arg);
 #else
@@ -1261,12 +1154,11 @@ static int elmcan_ldisc_ioctl(struct tty_struct *tty,
 static struct tty_ldisc_ops elmcan_ldisc = {
        .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
        .name           = "elmcan",
-       .num            = N_ELMCAN,
+       .num            = N_DEVELOPMENT,
        .receive_buf    = elmcan_ldisc_rx,
        .write_wakeup   = elmcan_ldisc_tx_wakeup,
        .open           = elmcan_ldisc_open,
        .close          = elmcan_ldisc_close,
-       .hangup         = elmcan_ldisc_hangup,
        .ioctl          = elmcan_ldisc_ioctl,
 };
 
@@ -1275,7 +1167,7 @@ static int __init elmcan_init(void)
        int status;
 
 #if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(5,14,0)
-       status = tty_register_ldisc(N_ELMCAN, &elmcan_ldisc);
+       status = tty_register_ldisc(N_DEVELOPMENT, &elmcan_ldisc);
 #else
        status = tty_register_ldisc(&elmcan_ldisc);
 #endif
@@ -1293,7 +1185,7 @@ static void __exit elmcan_exit(void)
 #if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(5,14,0)
        int status;
 
-       status = tty_unregister_ldisc(N_ELMCAN);
+       status = tty_unregister_ldisc(N_DEVELOPMENT);
        if (status)
                pr_err("Can't unregister line discipline (error: %d)\n",
                       status);
@@ -1304,3 +1196,8 @@ static void __exit elmcan_exit(void)
 
 module_init(elmcan_init);
 module_exit(elmcan_exit);
+
+MODULE_ALIAS_LDISC(N_DEVELOPMENT);
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("ELM327 based CAN interface");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Max Staudt <max-linux@enpas.org>");